Country territory - part earth surface, which is under its sovereignty, which includes land, subsoil, internal and territorial waters (12 miles from the coast) and the airspace above it (according to the altitude of aviation flights), and separated from other countries by borders recognized by international standards.
In addition to twelve miles of territorial waters (22.2 km) adjacent to the shores of Russia (and to the islands of the Russian Federation), there is a two-hundred-mile economic zone (370.4 km), within which the free passage of ships of all countries of the world is allowed, but the state (in this case,), to which the territorial waters belong, has the preemptive right to exploration and development of marine resources and seafood.
Territory, its size, configuration and natural features act as a factor of long-term action, but at different stages of history their role may change.
Big sizes Russian territory have both positive and negative features, i.e. are estimated ambiguously.
Among the positive ones stand out:
- availability of various natural resources and conditions as the basis for the territorial division of labor and broad specialization of the economy;
- availability of reserve land for settlement and production location;
- preservation of habitats of wild nature as an ecological reserve;
- the presence of "rear" spaces used during wars and other conflict situations.
Among the negative ones stand out:
- the need for the arrangement, protection and life support of huge spaces, incl. far removed from the developed regions;
- the need to build long lines of transport, communications and other infrastructure; huge costs of transporting goods and maintaining links between regions, center and periphery;
- the impossibility of uniform development and the creation of equivalent social conditions of life for people in central and remote regions, with different natural and economic conditions.
These negative features of the vastness and uneven development of the Russian space lead to an increase in the cost of economic activity and are a factor of long-term action. However, as the economic and transport development of the territory progresses, the effect of negative traits will weaken, and positive ones will intensify.
The very fact of owning a large territory is important factor geopolitical stability of the country.
short info
For poets and writers, Russia is a huge country with birches and endless steppes. The famous poet Alexander Pushkin argued that Russia "cannot be understood with the mind." Perhaps, in order to "understand" Russia, you need to visit it. Tourists will see in Russia beautiful nature, numerous churches and monasteries, fortresses, unique sights, and, of course, hospitable residents. Also, do not forget that there are many balneological, ski and beach resorts in Russia.
Geography of Russia
Russia is in Eastern Europe, at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. Russia from northwest to southeast borders on Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. The Sea of Okhotsk separates Russia from Japan, and the Bering Strait from American state Alaska. The total area of the country is 17,098,246 sq. km, including islands, and the total length of the state border is 20,241 km.
Most of Russia is occupied by plains - steppes in the south and dense forests in the north. In the south of Russia there are mountain ranges- Caucasus and Altai. Russia is divided into two parts by the Ural Mountains. The most high peak countries - Mount Elbrus, whose height reaches 5,642 m.
Russia includes many islands and archipelagos. The largest of them are Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Severnaya Zemlya, Wrangel Island, Kurile Islands and etc.
There are a lot of rivers and lakes in Russia. The largest Russian rivers are the Volga, Ob, Yenisei, Ural, Lena, Kolyma and Amur. It is in Russia that the largest freshwater lake in the world is located - Baikal.
Capital
The capital of Russia is the city of Moscow, which now has a population of over 11.7 million. Urban settlement on the territory of modern Moscow already existed in the first half of the XII century.
Official language
Official language in Russia - Russian, belonging to the Slavic group of the Indo-European language family.
Religion
The majority of the population of Russia (over 90%) professes Orthodox Christianity. However, there are many Muslims and Buddhists in the country.
State structure of Russia
Russia is a federal presidential republic ruled by a President elected by direct universal suffrage for a 6-year term.
The bicameral parliament in Russia is called the Federal Assembly. Parliament consists of the Federation Council and the State Duma.
The main political parties are United Russia, Fair Russia, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (communists) and the Liberal Democratic Party.
Climate and weather
The climate in Russia is very diverse due to its vast territory and geographic location. Russia has a temperate climatic zone, as well as arctic and even subtropical climatic zones. Average annual temperature air - + 4C. The tallest average temperature air temperature is observed in July (+ 24C), and the lowest - in January (-14C). Average annual quantity precipitation - 575 mm.
Seas and oceans
The shores of Russia are washed by the waters of twelve seas, which belong to three oceans - the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Also, one should not forget about the inland Caspian Sea.
Rivers and lakes in Russia
It is quite possible that through the territory of Russia flows more rivers than in any other country in the world. Most of them are short in length, but some reach enormous sizes. The largest Russian rivers are the Volga, Ob, Yenisei, Ural, Lena, Kolyma and Amur.
There are no less lakes in Russia than rivers. It is in Russia that the largest freshwater lake in the world is located - Baikal. Tourists are advised to pay attention to the Ladoga, Onega and Eltonskoe lakes, as well as to the Goose lake on Far East on which lotuses grow.
History
People appeared on the territory of modern Russia a long time ago. In prehistoric times, numerous tribes of pastoralists roamed the steppes of southern Russia. The most famous of these tribes are the Scythians, Huns, Avars, Khazars, Pechenegs, Polovtsians.
Around the middle of the 9th century, part of the territory of modern Russia became part of Old Russian state, which historians call Kievan Rus. It consisted of many principalities - Polotsk, Turovo-Pinsk, Pereyaslavl, Muromo-Ryazan, Vladimir-Suzdal, Smolensk, Novgorod Republic, etc.
The disintegration of Kievan Rus into appanage principalities began in the 1130s, and finally ended “thanks to” the Tatar-Mongol invasion of the first half of the 13th century. For more than 100 years, the Russian lands paid tribute to the Golden Horde (the so-called "Tatar-Mongol yoke").
The successor of Kievan Rus is considered to be the Moscow principality, around which the unification of all Russian lands gradually took place. Only during the reign of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III (at the end of the 15th century) did Moscow stop paying tribute to the Golden Horde.
The first Moscow prince to take the title "Tsar" is Ivan IV the Terrible (this happened in 1547). Since 1630, the Romanov dynasty ruled the Moscow state, this lasted until 1917.
Gradually, the Moscow state annexes new lands and becomes the Russian Empire. True, this was preceded by numerous wars, raids by the Tatars and battles with the crusaders and Turks. The reign of Tsar Peter I had a huge influence on the history of Russia. Russian history had the reign of Tsar Alexander I, who managed to early XIX century successfully resist the invasion of a large army led by Napoleon, Emperor of France.
TO late XIX century in Russia, the serf system was abolished, which provided for the personal ownership of peasants by Russian nobles, and the country begins to play a large political role in the world.
True, the absolute monarchy of the Romanovs by the beginning of the 20th century had outlived its usefulness, and its modernization was required. However, the Romanovs were unable to modernize political system, entered the First World War, and all this together led to the February Revolution of 1917. Tsar Nicholas II abdicates and the Russian Republic is formed.
In October 1917, the October Revolution took place, the driving force of which was the Bolshevik Communist Party, led by Vladimir Lenin. As a result, the Russian Soviet Republic was formed, and after the end of the bloody Civil War - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
In 1941, the USSR had to enter World War II - the Great Patriotic War began. No matter how they treated Joseph Stalin, thanks to him the USSR managed to defeat Germany and win the war. Although, this demanded great sacrifices and self-sacrifice from the Soviet people.
After the end of World War II, the USSR strengthened its political influence in the world - a number of states were formed, friendly The Soviet Union... Countries in which a socialist or communist system of life was established had to join the so-called. " cold war", Which was unleashed by the developed capitalist countries - the USA and Great Britain.
The USA, Great Britain and other countries actively interfered in the internal affairs of the USSR and other socialist countries. Thus, the peoples of the USSR were called upon to "gain independence." Unlike the capitalist countries, the USSR did not interfere in their internal affairs, and did not send, for example, its agents to Ulster with an appeal to fight against England.
In 1990-91, with the active participation of Mikhail Gorbachev, who in fact was supposed to lead the USSR, this state disintegrated into separate independent countries. As a result, a new state appeared on the world map - the Russian Federation.
The culture
The culture of Russia has very ancient traditions, it is rich and diverse. Russian culture has a huge impact on cultures neighboring countries, and even on cultural traditions states on other continents.
Thanks to Russia, the world has received a lot of brilliant writers, artists, philosophers and scientists:
Literature (Alexander Pushkin, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Anton Chekhov, Mikhail Lermontov, Nikolai Gogol, Alexander Blok, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Konstantin Batyushkov, Afanasy Fet);
- Classical music (Mikhail Glinka, Modest Mussorgsky, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov);
- Art (Ivan Aivazovsky, Ilya Repin, Ivan Shishkin, Isaac Levitan, Mikhail Vrubel, Ilya Glazunov);
- Philosophy (Peter Chaadaev, Nikolai Roerich, Vladimir Odoevsky, Nikolai Lossky, Alexey Losev, Nikolai Berdyaev);
- Science (Mikhail Lomonosov, Dmitry Mendeleev, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Dmitry Pavlov, Nikolai Vavilov, Sergey Korolev).
Most of the holidays in Russia are religious in nature or have origins in the Christian tradition. The most popular of them are Christmas, Shrovetide, Easter, and New Year(it is not religious).
Russian cuisine
Many tourists arriving in Russia are pleasantly surprised by the variety and taste of Russian traditional dishes. Many peoples live on the territory of modern Russia, so the cuisine in this country is very diverse.
First of all, Russian cuisine is famous for borscht - a kind of beetroot soup with vegetables and meat. For residents of countries Western Europe It may seem strange to make beetroot soup, but the Russians do it very tasty. Borsch with sour cream is especially good.
If we are talking about the first courses in Russian cuisine, then we definitely advise tourists to try okroshka (made with kvass with sausage, meat or fish), pickle, hodgepodge, cabbage soup, and, of course, fish soup. There are dozens of options for preparing all these first courses, depending on the region of Russia.
So, fish soup "fish soup" is sometimes prepared from several types of fish. Ukha can be "black", "white", "red" - depending on the fish from which it is cooked. Especially tasty fish soup is the one that is cooked near the river on a fire from different types fishes. A little vodka is sometimes added to such an ear.
Pancakes are known far beyond the borders of Russia - they are served with different fillings (cottage cheese, meat, jam, etc.), dumplings, pies with fillings (fruits, jam, cottage cheese, meat, fish), barbecue.
We also recommend tourists to try stuffed pike, mushroom pate, baked stuffed zucchini, stuffed cabbage rolls, cabbage rolls with sour cream, meat collective okroshka, Stroganov style pork, village hodgepodge, Easter cakes, rum baba in Russia.
Non-alcoholic drinks in Russia are tea, coffee, mineral water, compote (a decoction of fruits and berries) and kvass.
Sights of russia
The rich history of Russia has led to the presence of a huge number of attractions in this country. On this moment in Russia there are several tens of thousands of monuments of architecture, history and culture. Many of them are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The top ten sights of Russia, in our opinion, include:
- Red Square and Kremlin in Moscow
- Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg
- Peterhof Palace in St. Petersburg
- Museum-reserve "Kolomenskoye"
- Museum-reserve "Kizhi"
- Pskov Kremlin
- Mansi stone pillars in Komi
- Novodevichy Convent
- Izborsk fortress near Pskov
- Valdai Monastery
Cities and resorts
The most ancient city of Russia is Derbent in Dagestan, people on whose territory lived already at the end of the 4th millennium BC, and the oldest an old Russian city- Veliky Novgorod, formed in the middle of the 9th century A.D.
The largest Russian cities are St. Petersburg, Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Ufa, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Rostov-on-Don, Volgograd, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Voronezh, and, of course, Moscow. The population of each of these cities exceeds 1 million people.
Thanks to geographic location and a large territory in Russia there are balneological, ski and beach resorts.
Russian beach resorts are located on the coast of the Black, Azov and Baltic seas. So, on the Black Sea, tourists are waiting for Sochi, Tuapse, Anapa and Gelendzhik, on the Sea of Azov - Yeisk, Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Taganrog, Taman, and on the Baltic Sea - the Curonian Spit, Zelenogradsk and Svetlogorsk.
The main Russian ski resorts are located in the Caucasus and the Urals, although there are ski slopes in the Moscow region, near St. Petersburg, in the Volga region, in Murmansk region, as well as in the Baikal region.
In the Caucasus, the most popular ski resorts are Cheget, Dombay, Lago-Naki, Krasnaya Polyana, Elbrus, and in the Urals - Solnechnaya Dolina, Gubakha, Abzakovo, Adzhigardak, Iset, Minyar, Nechkino, etc.
The skiing season in the ski resorts of the Caucasus lasts from November to May, and in the Urals - from November to April.
As for the balneological, balneotherapy and balneo-mud resorts in Russia, they are located in the most different regions- in the Caucasus (Caucasian Mineral water), in Magadan, Chelyabinsk, Chita, Tver and Novosibirsk regions, in Karelia, Buryatia, Bashkiria, Udmurtia. Tatarstan, near St. Petersburg, in the Moscow region, in the Urals, near Kostroma and even not far from Arkhangelsk.
Souvenirs / shopping
Tourists from Russia usually bring handicrafts, dolls in Russian folk costumes, nesting dolls, Cheburashka dolls, boxes, Gzhel porcelain, earflaps, attributes of the USSR era, wooden saucers, cups, spoons with Khokhloma painting, Dymkovo toys, products from amber, Vologda lace, Easter eggs, samovars, jewelry, fur coats, caviar, chocolates and chocolate, and, of course, vodka.
Russia ( official name- Russian Federation) is the largest country in the world, its area is more than 17 million square meters. km.
Most of the vast Russian expanses are occupied by wide plains - East European and West Siberian. There are also mountains: the Ural mountains - one of the oldest in the world, low and overgrown with green firs; Caucasian - young, tall, with snow-capped peaks; East Siberian Highlands - the further east, the higher; the mountains of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands are domed, with flat slopes (hills), among them there are many volcanoes, more than fifty are active. In the south, Russia is washed by the gentle southern Black Sea, in the north - by the harsh seas of the Arctic Ocean, covered with ice from autumn to spring, in the east - by the Bering, Okhotsk, Japanese, and in the west - by the Baltic.
The great rivers of Russia flow in Siberia, the longest of them (4269 km) bears the female name Lena.
The Ob and the Irtysh lag slightly behind it in length, the Volga, the largest of the European rivers. The deepest lake Baikal in the world (its depth is 1620 m) is also located in the South-East of Siberia. The water in it is famous for its purity, the lake is surrounded by mountains and taiga, there are many rare species of animals, birds and fish. There is another one in Kamchatka. amazing place- Valley of Geysers, many fountains with hot water hit there from the ground.
On the vast territory of our country, you can visit mixed forests middle zone of Russia; in the treeless northern tundra, where in winter temperatures can drop to –50 ° C and even –60 ° C; in the Siberian or Far Eastern taiga - a dense forest of huge spruces, larches, cedars; in the Ural spruce-fir, pine forests with birch groves; in alpine meadows North Caucasus; in the Caspian deserts; the Kuban steppes; subtropics of the Black Sea coast, where there are many resorts.
Russia is also lucky with minerals, almost all types of them are mined on the territory of Russia: from the Ural gems and Yakut diamonds to coal Kuznetsk basin and Yamal combustible gases, from Magnitogorsk iron ore to the Kolyma gold.
There are 145 million people living in Russia (this is the seventh largest in the world). There are representatives of more than 150 nationalities, most of which are Russian. Among the peoples of other nationalities: Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvashs, Armenians, Ossetians, Buryats, Yakuts, Nenets, etc. In Siberia they enjoy eating Ukrainian borsch, in Moscow - Ural dumplings, in the North - Korean salads.
The capital of Russia is Moscow. This is the most Big city in the country and one of the most beautiful.
The history of Russia is rich in events. In the 9-11 centuries, there was a unification of our ancestors - Slavic tribes (Vyatichi, Krivichi, Dregovichi, etc.). The center of the then Rus was the city of Kiev. In the 13-14 centuries, for almost three hundred years, almost all Russian principalities were under the yoke of the Tatar-Mongols. In the 14-15th centuries, Russian lands began to gather around the Moscow principality, and in 1547 the Moscow prince Ivan IV the Terrible was crowned tsar. The Muscovy began to rapidly expand its borders to the east (in the 16-19 centuries). The rich lands of the Volga region, the Urals, Siberia attracted the abundance of furs in the forests, minerals - iron, non-ferrous metals. The tsarist government resettled servicemen and artisans to the east to build fortresses (later they became cities), gave the landowners new lands for settlement, and the Russian people themselves went to the East - from serfdom, in search of prosperity and freedom. The Romanov dynasty took the Russian throne in 1613. The most famous of the Romanovs, Tsar Peter I the Great, stood out for his desire for knowledge, amazing efficiency and hard work, and his military leadership, he became the first Russian emperor. His reforms in economics, politics, culture, education made Russia a European state.
Since that time, not a single country, not a single great commander has managed to conquer Russia. Even Napoleon, who was expelled in disgrace from the borders of Russia as a result of the Patriotic War of 1812. However, economically, Russia lagged far behind the developed countries of Europe and only with the abolition of serfdom in 1861 did it embark on the path of capitalism. But the situation of the people was still very difficult. Unrest and strikes were constantly taking place in Russia. The 1905 revolution forced the tsar to issue a manifesto, according to which the people were given some freedoms, and also to establish the first parliament in the history of Russia - the State Duma. But in February 1917 the tsar was overthrown, in October the Bolsheviks came to power led by V.I.Lenin, and in December 1922 a new state was created - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Despite the devastation and hardships caused Civil war, in the most difficult conditions, plants and factories were built in a short time. Peaceful life was interrupted on June 22, 1941, when the Great Patriotic War began. The bloody battles continued for four long years. In 1945, Nazi Germany was defeated. The Soviet Army entered Berlin. After the war, the restoration of the economy began.
In 1991, after a six-year period of perestroika and the collapse of the USSR, Russia embarked on the path of socio-economic and political reforms.
The head of state is the President of the Russian Federation. The representative and legislative body of the Russian Federation (its parliament) - the Federal Assembly, consists of two chambers: the State Duma and the Federation Council. Russia is headed by President Vladimir Putin, the Prime Minister is Dmitry Medvedev.
Official Russian language. The monetary unit is the ruble.
And also with partially recognized states - and. Most of the country's territory lies in Asia geographically, although the bulk of the population is concentrated in the European part of Russia.
general information
The state of the Russian Federation is located in the northern part of Asia and the eastern part of Europe on an area of more than 17 million square meters. km, the population is 143 million people. Official language- Russian. The currency is the Russian ruble (RUB). 100 RUB = $ RUB: USD: 100: 2. Currency exchange is carried out in exchange offices and banks in Russia. Time zones of Russia due to the large length of the country from UTC + 2 to UTC + 12, there is no transition to summer / winter time. Moscow is in the UTC + 3 time zone. Mains voltage 220 V at a frequency of 50 Hz, C, F. Telephone code countries +7. Emergency telephones Russia: 112 - single emergency number, 01 - fire department, 02 - police, 03 - ambulance health care, 04 - gas service. Internet domain.ru.
A brief excursion into history
Russian history can be traced back to the Middle Ages, and the formation of Kievan Rus and the inheritance of Christianity from Constantinople. However, Russia was not considered part of Europe until the reign of Peter the Great. In 1721 he established the Russian Empire, moved the capital from medieval Moscow to St. Petersburg, which became known as the "window to Europe", adopted the manners and style of the royal courts of Western Europe. Russian empire reached its peak in the 18th and early 19th centuries, including thanks to such figures as Catherine the Great, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky. But by the end of the 19th century, the state was overtaken by political crises, which closed the vicious circle of uprisings, repression and death. After the First World War, Russia found itself unable to contain the Russian revolution of 1917. The Bolsheviks came to power, led by Lenin, after whose death the dictator of the USSR Stalin came to power. The second World War claimed about 20 million lives of Russian soldiers. During the reign of General Secretary Gorbachev, socialism finally collapsed and the "iron curtain" rose for perestroika. Since 2000, under the rule of Putin, the economy has been recovering from the crisis, and today modern Russia came out on more high level life but common problem corruption remains.
Climate
Most of the territory of Russia is located in the zone temperate climate, which is characterized by a distinct division of the year into warm and cold seasons. On the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, a subtropical climate prevails, and the northern regions of the country and the islands of the Arctic Ocean are located in the Arctic and Subarctic belts... The coldest region of Russia is Siberia, the average temperature in winter fluctuates between -52 ..- 62 degrees. Temperature regime in summer it is very different by region: hot weather in the southern regions, and in the north only snow melts. The best time of the year to visit the Russian Black Sea resorts is the period from May to October. Many tourists prefer to relax in September in " the Velvet season”, When a lot of fruits and vegetables ripen, the sea is still warm, but there is no sweltering heat, and there are no crowds of tourists like in summer. Skiers go to winter resorts in winter from December to March. And excursion routes are in demand all year round.
Relief
More than 70% of the country's territory is plains and lowlands, mountains are concentrated in the southern and eastern parts country. In the south - the ridges of the Greater Caucasus, where Elbrus is highest point- 5642 m. In the southern part of Siberia - Altai, Stanovoe Upland, Western and Eastern Sayan. Most high volcano Eurasia is located in Kamchatka - Klyuchevaya Sopka (4750 m). Russia has some of the largest reserves of fresh water. The largest freshwater lake is Baikal.
How to get there
Russia is well connected by air with cities in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America... The largest international airports located in and. Russia is a huge country, of course, it saves for long-distance travel air transport, although air traffic in the country is not very well developed between regions. To get from one city to another, you will most likely have to do it through the capital. An alternative is Railway but given the size of the country, travel time can take several days if traveling long distances. For short trips, you can use the bus.
Transport
As public transport buses and route taxis... In Moscow, St. Petersburg, as well as some other cities, there is a metro. Taxi in Moscow is famous high prices, although in the regions the prices for this service are quite acceptable, lower than in Europe.
Regions
Cities and resorts
Choose from the list Abinsk Abrau-Dyurso Adler Alupka Alushta Anapa Belokurikha Vityazevo Vladivostok Vladimir Volgograd Voronezh Vyborg Gaspra Gelendzhik Gorno-Altaysk Ski resorts Volga region Ski resorts of Moscow region Ski resorts of the North-West Ski resorts of Siberia Ski resorts of the Urals Goryachy Klyuch Gurzuf Dzhemete Divnomorskoe Dombay Evpatoria Yekaterinburg Essentuki Zheleznovodsk Irkutsk Caucasian Mineral Waters Kazan Kaliningrad Kem Kerch Kisegachna Kisbaziv Moscow ★ Nizhny Novgorod Novorossiysk Novosibirsk New World Lake Baikal Lake Elton Omsk Iturup Island Partenit Pereslavl-Zalessky Perm Moscow region Elbrus region Pskov Pyatigorsk Rostov-on-Don Saki Samara St. Petersburg Saratov Sevastopol Seliger Sergiev Posad Simferopol Solovetsky Islands Sochi Sudak Suzdal Tuapse Ufa Feodosia Fiolent Foros Khabarovsk Khosta Chelyabinsk Black Sea Yalta Yangan-Tau Yaroslavl
Information
Choose from the list Altai shores Altai reserve Weekend in Sochi Geothermal springs of Crimea Ski resorts of Russia Ancient cities of Crimea Winter holidays in Karelia gold ring Russia How to choose a hotel in St. Petersburg How to deceive tourists in Crimea Kedrovaya Pad Horse routes along mountain Altai Cruise on the Volga Lakes Leningrad region The main attractions of Crimea Rest on the Volga Beaches of Anapa Beaches of Sevastopol Popular souvenirs from Crimea Variety eastern Crimea Republic Kazantip Fairy world Kamchatka Sochi is a city of dreams! Three myths about Sochi
Holidays in Russia are practical and profitable, there will be no language barrier for tourists from Russia from the CIS countries. There are a huge number of unusual places, in which it will be pleasant for tourists to be, the country offers ample opportunities for various types of recreation: excursion, beach, wellness, active, ski vacation... While vacationing in Russia, you can enjoy the vast expanses of landscapes, plunge into the centuries-old history of the country, its traditions and customs. In Russia you will be greeted by hospitable and cordial people.
A beach vacation in Russia is a vacation on the coasts Azov and Black Seas: warm springs, curative mud, healing climate heal and bring pleasure to all vacationers. The main sea resorts in Russia are:, and. In these cities there is a huge number of sanatoriums, boarding houses, hospitals. V last years old hotels are being actively repaired and new hotels with modern infrastructure are being built. You can also go on vacation to the sea in Russia in the Leningrad Region on the shores of the Gulf of Finland and in the Kaliningrad Region on the shores of the Baltic Sea.
The peninsula, recently annexed to Russia, will be an excellent place for beach, sightseeing and medical recreation. There are numerous waterfalls here, the most famous of which are Jur-Jur and Silver Jets, and karst caves – Mamontova, Marble, Skelskaya and Red, besides them, there are many more unequipped caves. The most ancient monuments of the history and culture of Crimea include stone boxes-sarcophagi of the Taurus, the indigenous inhabitants of the region, as well as dolmens located high in the mountains, their largest concentration is observed on the surface mountains cat at a short distance from Yalta, menhirs also attract attention, the most interesting of which is the menhir in Alimovaya Balka. On the territory there are also many monuments of antiquity, the ruins of the city-states of the Northern Black Sea region, the best among them is preserved Chersonesos. Cave cities Chufut-Kale, Mangup, Eski-Kermen, Tepe-Kermen, Bakla, royal palaces in Livadia and Massandra, Vorontsov Palace in Alupka, the castle, which now houses a cozy restaurant - it is difficult to list all the sights of the Crimea, you need to see them with your own eyes.
The largest concentration of attractions is concentrated in the territory of a small size Crimean peninsula. Sandy beaches located only in. The beaches of the resorts are covered with small pebbles. For everyone beach resorts Crimea, there are various attractions, waterslides, and vacationers are invited to ride a catamaran, water skiing, "Banana" or water scooter, visit to the water park or dolphinarium. In Evpatoria, the dolphinarium is also used to treat children with developmental delay or suffering from mental illness, communication with dolphins just works wonders. Diving centers are located only in Crimea, most of them are in the vicinity of Yalta, and best places for scuba diving are also located in close proximity to the coastal strip of the Crimean peninsula.
There are opportunities in Russia for sightseeing tours, for example, the famous city route:,. Many historical monuments Russia are objects of world heritage - these are monuments, Vladimir-Suzdal lands.
Worthy of special attention of tourists, of course, the capital of Russia, as well as cultural capital-. Of course, everyone who comes to Russia will be pleased to visit numerous museums, historical sites and monuments, circuses, theaters, zoos, as well as dolphinariums in St. Petersburg and Moscow, as well as other cities of Russia.
Places worth visiting in - this is undoubtedly the old and the new, the famous theaters of Moscow - the Bolshoi Theater, Maly Theater, Moscow Art Theater, Theater. Stanislavsky, Ostankino Tower, be sure to see the bridges of Moscow, fountains, museums and other famous sights, of which there are a lot in Moscow., Theaters, bridges and canals, as well as Vyborg - one of the oldest and scenic spots St. Petersburg.
One of the most popular types of recreation in Russia is Cruises on rivers, seas and lakes, in particular on and - clean air and invigorating mood for a long time are provided to you. Lovers active rest in Russia, they can plunge into the world of adventure and horseback riding in the tundra, taiga, mountains and forests. Horse rides associated with the visit historical sites pass through many nature reserves, for example routes,. Rest is possible in Ural mountains, popular species tourism is mountain climbing as well as mountain hiking.
Russia offers a wide range of leisure activities. There is a huge number of places where you will be pleased to relax and enjoy the nature of the immense, beautiful and distinctive country whose name is Russia. Welcome to Russia, dear tourists!
Accommodation
V large cities There are quality hotels in Russia, but their prices are very high. The seaside resorts have good hotels European level, but still most were built in Soviet times. Many locals at the resorts they rent housing, which is used by Russians who want to save money. Also a good alternative is mini-hotels, the cost of which is quite low, and the rooms are quite decent.
Russian Federation
Russia located on two continents - Europe and Asia. In the south and southeast it borders with China, in the southeast - with North Korea, in the south - with Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Georgia and Azerbaijan, in the southwest - with Ukraine, in the west - with Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Norway. Kaliningrad Oblast, an enclave of Russia on the Baltic Sea coast, has borders with Poland and Lithuania. Russia owns the islands New earth, Severnaya Zemlya, Vaygach, Franz Josef Land archipelago, New Siberian Islands, Wrangel Island in the Arctic Ocean, Kuril Islands (some of them are disputed by Japan) and Sakhalin Island in Pacific... In the east, Russia is washed by the Japanese, Okhotsk and Bering seas, in the north - by the Barents, Kara, Chukchi and East Siberian seas, by the Laptev sea, in the west - Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, in the south - the Black and Azov seas.
The name of the country comes from the ethnonym Rus.
Capital
Square
Population
145 470 thousand people
Administrative division
The Russian Federation includes 21 republics, 6 territories, 49 regions, federal cities Moscow and St. Petersburg, an autonomous region and 10 autonomous regions.
Form of government
A republic with a federal state structure.
Head of state
President elected for 4 years.
Supreme Legislature
Bicameral Federal Assembly (Federation Council and State Duma). \
Supreme executive body
Government.
Big cities
St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Yekaterinburg, Samara, Omsk, Kazan, Perm, Ufa, Rostov-on-Don, Volgograd.
Official language
Religion
Among the religious confessions, the most numerous is Orthodox, the inhabitants of Russia also profess Islam, Catholicism, Judaism, Buddhism.
Ethnic composition
81% are Russians, 3.8% are Tatars, 3% are Ukrainians, 1.2% are Chuvash, 0.9% are Bashkirs. More than 100 nationalities live in Russia.
Currency
Ruble = 100 kopecks.
Climate
Most of the country is located within the temperate climatic zone... Extreme regions of the north and northern islands belong to the arctic belt, some southern regions close to the subtropics. Almost throughout the country, the climate is continental, which is especially evident in Western Siberia(this region is characterized by significant amplitudes of seasonal temperatures and little precipitation). For western regions and the Black Sea coast are characterized by milder, seaside conditions. Peculiar monsoon climate the southern regions of the Far East, which are under the influence of the Pacific Ocean, also differ.
Flora
Vegetable and animal world vary greatly depending on the latitude of the area and its climate. Most of the country's territory is occupied by forests - about 65%, and all types of coniferous and broad-leaved trees are represented in them: pine, spruce, fir, cedar, birch, aspen, hornbeam, beech, oak, ash and many others.
Fauna
On the territory of the country there are about 150 thousand species of animals. Of these, 300 species of mammals, 300 species of freshwater fish and 250 species of marine fish, which are of commercial importance. The following representatives of the fauna are characteristic of the arctic and tundra zones: polar bear, reindeer, arctic fox, lemming. Among the marine animals in this area there are killer whales, beluga whales, walrus, and seals. Birds - seagulls, guillemots, eiders, white geese. Among the inhabitants of the taiga zone, one can name the brown bear, elk, lynx, sable, squirrel. In the Far East, there are tigers and sika deer. In the zone of mixed and deciduous forests, bison, brown bear, wild boar, wolf, fox, mole, hedgehog are widespread, from birds: stork, crane, capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, tit, woodpecker, nightingale, swallow, sparrow. For the steppe zone, such animals are not uncommon: European hare, hamster, ground squirrel; birds - bustard, eagle. Saiga and jerboa live in the semi-desert.
Rivers and lakes
There are about 120 thousand rivers in Russia (over 10 km long). The largest of them are: - Lena, Irtysh, Yenisei, Ob, Volga, Amur. The largest lakes are the Caspian Sea, Baikal, Ladoga, Onega. There are almost 2 million fresh and salt lakes in the Russian Federation.
sights
There are a huge number of sights in Russia. In St. Petersburg - Winter
the palace (Hermitage), St. Isaac's Cathedral, the Peter and Paul Fortress with the tombs of the Russian emperors, the complex of palaces and fountains in Petrodvorets, palaces in Gatchina and Pushkino. There are more than 120 museums in the city. The Kremlin and Red Square, the Tretyakov Gallery, a number of the largest museums (74 in total), including the oldest of them - the Armory, are famous in Moscow. In Novgorod - the Kremlin, the Church of the Savior-on-Ilyin with frescoes by Theophanes the Greek; in Pskov - a museum-reserve of the XII-XVII centuries, fortresses and churches, in Kazan - the Kremlin of the XVI-XVII centuries, in Suzdal - churches of the XIII-XIX centuries. and many others. A significant number of architectural and historical and cultural monuments of Russia are included in the list World heritage UNESCO.
Useful information for tourists
Moscow is a huge city. In order to get acquainted with all her wealth, you need to spend a whole life. Therefore, tourists are offered bus sightseeing tours... During one such excursion, driving through the central streets and squares of the capital and making short stops to inspect the sights, you can see the monumental structures on Poklonnaya Gora, visit the Kuskovo estate and the Ostankino palace - the possession of the Sheremetyevs, stand on observation deck Vorobyovy Gory, from which a magnificent panorama of Moscow opens. On the left you can see the golden domes of the Novodevichy Convent shimmering in the sun, on the right the Moskva River winds like a narrow ribbon, in front you can see the world famous sports complex Luzhniki.
We recommend taking at least one warm item on the road (you can leave it on the bus), comfortable shoes for many excursions and an umbrella, as the weather can be changeable.
For those who have a desire to visit water parks (pools, saunas), you must have a bathing suit. It is a good idea to bring sunglasses and a hat to protect you from the sun on your seaside tours.
Smile more often and say “hello”, “thank you”, “please” - this will immediately endear the interlocutor to you.
