Small Golden Ring of Russia: list of cities, attractions and interesting facts. "Gold ring of Russia"

The term "Golden Ring of Russia" has existed for over 40 years. It was invented by a certain Soviet writer Yuri Bychkov in 1967 and immediately became a successful travel brand for attracting foreign tourists to the then USSR.

In fact, the Golden Ring is a group of cities concentrated on the territory of Central Russia and representing a certain historical and cultural value. Connected by highways, they form a symbolic circle that has become the personification cultural heritage our country. Moreover, many of its cities and their landmarks are protected by the Foundation. World heritage UNESCO.

Traditionally, the Golden Ring of Russia includes eight cities - Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Rostov, Sergiev Posad, Suzdal and Yaroslavl. All of them are located on the territory of six regions - Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod and Yaroslavl. In addition to the main list of cities, there is another, the so-called discussion list, which already includes more than 20 settlements... Visiting these places depends on the chosen tourist route and, as a rule, is determined by the organizer company.

The Golden Ring of Russia includes: Aleksandrov, Bogolyubovo, Gorokhovets, Gus-Khrustalny, Kideksha, Moscow, Murom, Palekh, Plyos, Rybinsk, Tutaev, Uglich, Yuryev-Polsky, Shuya and a number of other cities, villages and towns. The generally recognized capital of the Golden Ring of Russia is Vladimir. With it, we will begin a brief overview of the main cities of the Golden Ring of Russia tourist route.

Vladimir - the pearl of the Golden Ring

The pearl of the Golden Ring of Russia and one of the most ancient Russian cities, of course, Vladimir. The city is located 193 km from Moscow on the banks of the Klyazma River. In the 12th century, Vladimir was the capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, but over time it lost its importance and during the growth of the Moscow state even acquired the status of a provincial city. Today Vladimir is a large industrial and cultural center of the central part of Russia with a population of about 340 thousand inhabitants.

The city amazes with its pristine beauty and architectural monuments that have survived to this day, in particular, numerous golden-domed temples and peaked wooden towers. The sights of Vladimir also delight you with their diversity and uniqueness.

Among them: the Golden Gate, built in 1164, which decorated in due time main entrance to the richest and noblest princely boyar part of the city; Assumption Cathedral - a monument of Russian architecture of the 12th century, painted by Andrei Rublev, an Orthodox church and at the same time a state museum; Dmitrievsky Cathedral, the walls of which are decorated with white stone carvings, with images of people and animals, and much more.

Suzdal

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Today our compatriots, dreaming of travel and entertainment, are increasingly striving to go abroad. And this is understandable: new countries, new impressions, culture and way of life unknown to us - all this cannot be uninteresting for any thinking person.

However, striving to see the world, the inhabitants of Russia have practically forgotten that there are many places in our country that are very worthy of attention. After all, it is these places that are primarily sought to be seen. Foreign tourists When they come to Russia, and their own, local citizens often consider them unworthy of visiting, although they have never been there, and they know about everything only from school history books.

This is one of the most popular tourist routes in Russia - a trip to the cities of the Golden Ring. Cities of the Golden Ring of Russia really form a symbolic ring, and each of the cities amazes with its great history and unique sights, the likes of which are not found anywhere else in the world.

We can say that cities of the Golden Ring of Russia are precious diamonds in the treasury of Russian national culture. The main cities of the Golden Ring of Russia eight are counted: Suzdal, Vladimir, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Rostov, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Sergiev Posad, Ivanovo.

Of course, most often in a trip along the Golden Ring of Russia go to get acquainted with the priceless monuments of Russian architecture and art - that is why tourists from other countries are so eager to go there. However, the very atmosphere of Russian provincial cities amazes travelers, and especially residents of megalopolises, where there is no rest day and night, with its calmness and silence, lack of fuss and regularity of life.

The wonderful natural landscapes of central Russia also capture the imagination of travelers with their discreet, but pacifying and shy beauty. This sight is no less attractive and exciting than the majestic architectural ensembles and creations of the great artists of the past.

Especially attracts the picturesque bank of the Volga, great river Russia, as well as many other rivers and blue lakes, on the banks of which there is enough space for walks and picnics. For example, a favorite place for the inhabitants of Yaroslavl can be called the arrow, where the Volga merges with Kotorosl, its right tributary.

As for ancient architecture cities of the Golden Ring of Russia, then there are many interesting and unique samples here, and in each city they carry their own, unique style. The masterpieces of medieval architecture are replaced by magnificent classical buildings, next to which you can see the buildings of the 20th century, built in the avant-garde style.

Starting from the 11th century, new cities grew rapidly in the northeastern part of Russia, and not only wooden fortifications and earthen ramparts were being built, but also the first stone cathedrals, stern and heavy. But already 100 years after the construction of the first cathedrals, other temples began to be built, more reminiscent of the Romanesque style. Their forms were much lighter - they seemed to float in the air. The beginning of the 12th century is characterized in these places by the fact that Moscow influence begins to be felt in architecture. However, the old styles were not forgotten at all: in the following centuries, they were repeatedly subjected to the creative processing of architects and builders, and were used to create the appearance of many cities.

The development of monastery building had a particular impact on the culture and art of the northeastern part of Russia. Indeed, at that time monasteries were not only the focus of religion, but also cultural centers that gave rise to the development of Russian writing and art.

As a rule, in every city that is part of the Golden ring of Russia, several monasteries were built - both inside the city walls and outside. Thus, a special urban structure was created, consisting of a spacious part surrounded by monasteries, which, in turn, also had walls.

So, in an architectural form Suzdal it was the monasteries that became the main part of the urban topography.

Suzdal today it is called a city-museum, and it is truly a fabulous city, ancient and reserved. It has been mentioned in Russian chronicles since the 11th century, and since then a whole era begins in the development of Russian culture and statehood.

Perhaps, in terms of the number of monuments, Suzdal is the first among the cities of the Golden Ring - it has preserved its original appearance best of all. About 9 sq. km here are occupied by architectural monuments of the XIII-XIX centuries - this temple complexes and civil buildings, more than two hundred in total.

The borders of Suzdal today remain the same as in the 18th century, the old topography and ancient color, which cannot be copied and conveyed in words, have been preserved. Ancient Russian architecture wonderfully harmonizes with the surrounding world and nature, allowing us today to feel all the beauty and grandeur of our history.

One of the oldest Russian cities - Vladimir, in the XII century former capital Vladimir-Suzdal principality. In these two cities, Suzdal and Vladimir, located close to each other, the formation of the Vladimir-Suzdal school of painting and architecture took place. The main building of Vladimir is the temple of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos - it was here that all the great dukes were married to reign. Fragments of the unique painting by Andrei Rublev are still preserved in this temple.

Golden Ring of Russia - Kostroma

The next city of the Golden Ring - Kostroma... First, a fortress was founded on the banks of the Sulla River. It was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152, and almost 500 years later Kostroma became a major craft center of Russia. The most famous attraction here is the Ipatiev Monastery, where Mikhail Romanov was crowned as king in 1613. Instead of a posad, usual for ancient Russian cities, in Kostroma, next to the city Kremlin, shopping arcades were built - a huge shopping mall those times. At the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, there was one of the largest shopping centers country.

It is distinguished by a unique attitude and traditions Yaroslavl, a city with a thousand-year history, which was also at one time one of the centers of the Russian state. This city appeared in about 1010, during the times of Kievan Rus, by the will of the young prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich, who was later nicknamed "the Wise".

Then, by order of the prince, a fortress was laid on the Volga to ensure the protection of the northeastern borders of the state. Yaroslavl became the first stronghold of Christianity on the Volga, and it was always considered significant by all Russian rulers, representatives of both royal families - the Rurik and Romanovs.

The architecture of the XII century is presented in Yaroslavl brighter than in other cities of the Golden Ring. In general, the XII century can be considered the flourishing of the city: then the Epiphany Church, the Church of Elijah the Prophet, as well as the Spassky Monastery were built, famous themes that it was there that the most unique work of Russian and world literature - "The Lay of Igor's Campaign" was found.

Golden Ring of Russia - Rostov

Rostov first mentioned in the "Tale of Bygone Years" in 862, which coincides with the beginning of the rule of the Rurik dynasty. The main attraction is the Kremlin, its Assumption Cathedral, five more churches and old residential buildings around. The famous Rostov Belfry is a set of bells with different sounds, a unique musical instrument that allows you to perform musical works XVII-XIX centuries - Rostov bells.

Pereslavl-Zalessky was also founded by Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152, on Lake Pleshcheevoe, known as one of the most beautiful Russian lakes, and also by the fact that young Peter I began to build his "amusing" fleet here.

The temples and monasteries of the Pereslavl land, rich in ancient Christian shrines, are endowed with magical power. The central Cathedral of Pereslavl is the Spaso-Preobrazhensky, which has been decorating its Red Square for more than 800 years. In this cathedral, where all the Pereslavl princes were buried, the descendants of Alexander Nevsky - his son and grandson - are also buried.

Golden ring of Russia - Ivanovo

Ivanovo city, "The chintz capital of Russia", stands on the banks of the Uvod River, 65 km from the Volga. The city was first mentioned during the time of Ivan the Terrible. More precisely, then Ivanovo was a village granted by the tsar to the princes of Cherkassk, and they began to call it a city only 300 years later, in 1871. Thanks to the growth of Ivanovo manufactories, the city became the fourth in terms of the number of workers, after Moscow, St. Petersburg and Riga. Ivanovo is a city that is interesting not only for its ancient monuments, but also for those associated with our recent history - the revolutionary events that took place here at the beginning of the 20th century.

And of course the famous Sergiev Posad, with its Trinity-Sergius Lavra, founded in the XIV century. This shrine is considered the center of Russian Orthodoxy, because in difficult moments in history, the Trinity-Sergius Lavra has always been for Russia a symbol of loyalty to God and the fatherland, a vivid example of spiritual strength that inspires the entire Russian people.

Here is the current male monastery, the largest in Russia, and in 1993, thanks to the uniqueness of its architectural ensemble, UNESCO included the Lavra in the List of World Cultural Heritage. The relics of the Monk Sergius of Radonezh rest in the Trinity Cathedral of the Lavra, in a silver reliquary.

Travel the Golden Circle it is possible all year round, and at any time here you can feel the real soul of Russia, touching the deep layers of its unique ancient culture.

Gataulina Galina
for women's magazine website

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Hello friends! In 2017, the Golden Ring of Russia celebrated its 50th anniversary. For more than half a century we have been traveling the most beautiful cities, we admire their architectural monuments and the beauty of nature. Many of you have probably visited at least some of them and you yourself can tell a lot of interesting historical facts... We are waiting for them in the comments. We will briefly tell you which cities are included in the Golden Ring of Russia and the tourist routes along it. About who came up with the first route and when the first trip took place. There are many worthy cities in Russia. You can travel along the Ring, or you can go to certain places - such where your heart draws you.

An interesting moment. At first, 8 ancient Russian cities were combined into a single route:

Vladimir (Vladimir region)
Suzdal (Vladimir region)
Ivanovo (Ivanovo region)
Kostroma (Kostroma region)
Rostov Veliky (Yaroslavl region)
Pereslavl-Zalessky (Yaroslavl region)
Yaroslavl (Yaroslavl region)
Zagorsk (Sergiev-Posad) (Moscow region)

These cities are located on the same loopback route. For a long time this association was called the Golden Ring of Russia. Before Perestroika, it included Uglich (city 9).

Then confusion began, and we still did not understand with which departments it was connected. Many worthy cities began to be called the city from the Golden Ring. The list has expanded. This is understandable - in Russia there are many more unique places and beautiful ancient cities that you must see.

Whether such a branded prefix appeared in the city officially or whether travel agencies themselves began to do it, we still did not understand. But over time to the first eight added 4 more:

Uglich;
Plyos;
Yuryev-Polsky;
Alexandrov.

Dmitrov;
Bogolyubovo;
Moore;
Kideksha.

The "prefix" city of the Golden Ring helps cities. Tourists, hotels, shops, souvenirs, excursions, restaurants - everything brings a pretty penny to the budget. The list was expanded for a reason. This is all - the territory of ancient Russia, the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. The basis of the future state.

In January 2018, a forum of small towns and villages of cultural and historical significance was held. From the speech of the Minister of Culture, it became clear that there is a "geographical ring" of 8 cities, and there is a tourist brand of the city (more on this later).

Sightseeing buses with tourists began to travel on new routes. However, there are still much more cities with almost a thousand-year history and important historical sites.

There are cities that have preserved monuments of ancient Russian architecture, traditions of folk crafts that have survived to this day, jewelry, painting, birch bark and linen production.

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Great Golden Ring by regions

Thus, for the convenience of tourists, the first list of 8 cities was called the Small Golden Ring. The second list came to be called the Great Golden Ring.

The list has not been officially approved. Disputes about which cities to include in it are still going on. It is much easier (for orientation and for planning a travel itinerary) to list the cities that claim it by region:

Moscow region

Dmitrov;

Vladimir region

Yuryev-Polsky;
Alexandrov;
Bogolyubovo;
Gorokhovets;
Gus-Khrustalny;
Moore;
Kideksha (4 km from Suzdal)

Yaroslavskaya oblast

Uglich;
Rybinsk;
Myshkin;
Tutaev nearby (36 km from Yaroslavl);

Ivanovo region

Plyos;
Palekh;

Tver region

Kalyazin;

Ryazan Oblast

Kasimov

Historical meaning

If we talk about the first 8 cities, then they must be visited. The "traditional" Golden Ring boasts buildings dating back to the pre-Mongol period. There are very few of them left even on maps and in historical documents, let alone real ones.

Suzdal has been the capital of several large principalities;
Rostov - was the capital city of the Rostov-Suzdal principality;
Pereslavl-Zalessky is the birthplace of Alexander Nevsky. At that time - the largest of the cities in the region;
Vladimir - for a long time remained the capital of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality.

Who drove the first on the Ring

This route, dear to the heart, appeared only in the 60s. It was organized by journalist Yuri Aleksandrovich Bychkov, an employee of the newspaper "Soviet Culture". According to the plan, the trip began in Moscow and ended in Suzdal.

The journalist was tasked with telling about Suzdal tourism. Bychkov got into the car and drove off. On the way I saw a pointer to Ivanovo. I decided to stop by. And so the story began. From one city he drove to another, paving a path that would then be repeated by millions of people.

Later, his wife joined Yuri Alexandrovich, then a photographer and a couple of volunteer assistants. The route turned out to be both picturesque and interesting. It was not yet a tourist destination, so the company had a lot of exciting moments. Discoverers, what can I say.

They drove half of the route, and did not want to return the same way. This is how Kostroma and Yaroslavl got on the map of the Golden Ring.

The travel essay was published in 1967. There were photos, reviews, stories, tips for tourists. The essay was called The Golden Ring.

After 2 years, Bychkov came to the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical Monuments. He offered to organize a tourist route to the places that he studied. I liked the idea right away, but the road had to be explored, thought out where else the travelers could stop by, what to show. So first a scientific expedition was set up.

But really, what should a tourist pay attention to?

Vladimir: amazing temples from Italian craftsmen, amazing stone carvings.
The temples of Yuryev-Polsky and Kidekshi were built much earlier than the beginning of the Mongol era. And they are well preserved.
Films about the history of Rus were made in Suzdal. Find familiar scenes from your favorite movie frames.
In Rostov the Great they filmed the New Year comedy "Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession". Do you recognize the colonnade along which the heroes of the film ran back and forth?

And that is not all!

Cities not included in the main list

There are many beautiful cities in our country that you just want to add to the route. Their historical meaning huge, and just to look at all this beauty and pulls. Unique places!

Sergiev Posad

The monastery of St. Sergius of Radonezh is a city within a city. There is a Theological Seminary, a monastery, churches, ancient icons, sources of holy water. A lot of things are a trip for a few days.

Holy Trinity Sergius Lavra

Rybinsk

Ancient city of the late 11th century. It is of great archaeological importance for scientists and historians. But, it is not included in the route.

If you are driving around the ring yourself, be sure to check out these cities.

A few words about Pereslavl-Zalessky

Not as legendary as Rostov or Suzdal. It has never been the capital of any principality. Why is he so interesting?

Pereslavl was one of the most major cities Northeast. Was not the capital, but conceived and built as a capital city. There were buildings from the period of the Golden Horde, but they have not survived. Probably due to the fact that the city was destroyed many times, then rebuilt.

From the surviving antiquities:

Rampart;
Transfiguration Cathedral.

The cathedral was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky. It was completed under Andrei Bogolyubsky. There are also 5 monasteries here, and the earliest buildings are from the 16th century.

Another significant religious site is the Feodorovsky Monastery. It contains unique ancient icons of the 18th century. These are the Vvedenskaya and Kazan icons of the Mother of God.

Throughout the entire period of the rule of the Rurik dynasty, architecture flourished here. Pereslavl was big city, but fate decreed so - it did not fulfill its purpose, did not become the capital.

The House of Romanovs also did not forget about Pereslavl. It was here that Peter I built his famous fleet. The "Fortuna" bot, which is called "the grandfather of the Russian fleet", has survived.

This city is the closest to Moscow. Only 2.5 hours by bus, and if you have a car - only 1.5 hours.

In addition to major historical sites, there are several unique museums:

Iron;
Kettle;
Center for Folk Traditions and Crafts;
"House of Berendey".

And also - near Pereslavl there is the village of Gorodishche, which boasts the Blue Stone. In the days of paganism, people came to bow to the Blue Stone. They tried to sleep him many times, but he appeared again, as if by magic.

Now people also come to him, lie on him, make wishes. They say - come true. You just need to really want to, lie on a stone and ask from the bottom of your heart.

Expansion of the Golden Ring

There are many small towns and villages of great historical and cultural significance in Russia. The Russian government has plans to include these places in the Golden Ring.

What you need to remember!

The words "Golden Ring of Russia" have two meanings:

Cities united by a circular route (Yaroslavl and Vladimir regions).
Brand name. Officially, it sounds like "A city included in the Golden Ring of Russia." This means that the city is of cultural and historical value, but it may not be located on the circular route.

In our country there is an association of small towns that claim to be the City of the Golden Ring of Russia. It is prestigious and very profitable to be included in this list. But this obliges the city authorities to carry out serious restoration work and prepare everything for receiving tourists.

The Russian government allocates subsidies for the needs and development of small towns and villages. Alas, money often does not reach its destination. Whether something will change in this situation we will observe.

In January 2018, a forum was held in Kolomna, to which V.V. Putin. The question arose about Uglich, which before Perestroika was part of the Golden Ring route, but then for some reason dropped out of this list.

What the President, Minister of Culture and representatives of cities and towns agreed on:

Uglich now lives with the hope of entering the Golden Ring of Russia. On the eve of the Minister of Culture Vladimir Medinsky said that the ring will expand - they intend to add one city a year there.

We have included eight old cities on this list (see the beginning of the article)- from the old Soviet list - and now we will add to it, - confirmed Medinsky. - But we want it to be prestigious, let the cities fight for a high rank.

Let us remind once again that there is a tourist route "The Golden Ring of Russia", consisting of 8 cities, to which Uglich will be added (it is included in the route of the ring).

And every year will be added new town... It will have the brand “City of the Golden Ring”, but this city does not have to be included in the “geographical ring”. So Kolomna stands aside from the route of the Golden Ring, but fights for the title "City of the Golden Ring of Russia".

In our opinion, Kolomna deserves the attention of tourists. But won't we get confused in the names? Maybe the ministry will come up with another nomination so that we don't have a mess in our heads.

The operator travel company"Rostislavl" Irina. By the way, the company's website with their bus tours we liked it. They offer interesting routes, prices are reasonable. We have not yet used the services of Rostislavl, but we have put it in the plans. If you have already traveled with this company, write your reviews in the comments - we will be glad.

Fancy a ride on the Ring? We want to too. This means that we can meet at one of its iconic points. We are waiting for your stories about the journey along the Golden Ring!

If you live in one of these cities and want to talk about it, we will be very happy. Send your story to our mailing address: [email protected]

The Golden Ring of Russia is a famous tourist route with a length of more than 1000 kilometers, which passes through the ancient cities of Vladimir-Suzdal and Moscow Russia. The route includes about 20 cities in Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, Yaroslavl and Tver regions. Historical and architectural monuments XII-XVIII centuries, which constitute the treasury of Russian culture. These unique landmarks are protected The Russian state and UNESCO. The term "Golden Ring" was attached to this tourist route in the 60s of the last century. Then journalist Yuri Bychkov made a series of essays on the pages of the Soviet Russia newspaper about eight cities northeast of Moscow, distinguished by the richest cultural and historical heritage. Today this phrase, used for the first time in 1967, is widely known in Russia and abroad. The Golden Ring includes eight main cities Sergiev Posad, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Rostov Veliky, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Suzdal and Vladimir.

The idea of "looping" the ancient Russian cities belongs to the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments. In 1974, the first guidebook "Around the Golden Ring of Russia" was published.

It will take almost a month to complete the complete journey along the route. Therefore, it is better to travel through the old Russian cities with small tourist routes that take 2-3 days. Moscow will serve as your starting point. The most convenient way, of course, is to travel by your own car. Then you will not be tied to the tourist group and will be able to wander along the way to those cities and towns that were not included in the traditional route. We assure you that these places are no less attractive for tourists. In addition, this way you can fully enjoy the beauty of the Golden Ring.

Travelers are struck by the very atmosphere of Russian provincial cities, the absence of fuss and regularity of life. Wonderful nature pacifies with its discreet beauty. Especially attractive scenic spots the Volga coast, the Kotorosl River, Pleshcheeva Lake, Lake Nero. Nature central Russia attractive at any time of the year. There is ample space for walks and picnics on the banks of rivers and lakes. All stages of the development of ancient Russian architecture are represented in cities and villages: the majestic white-stone temples of the XII-XIII centuries, the tent buildings of the XVI century, the buildings of the XVII century, the creations of the architectural and pictorial schools of Rostov, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Vladimir.

Numerous historical monuments- fortresses, monasteries and temples testify to the great importance of each of the cities of the Golden Ring in the ancient and royal periods of history. In each city, ancient architecture has its own unique style. Myriad Orthodox monasteries, shrines and temples located in this region, attracts a large number of pilgrims. And Suzdal and Rostov the Great are real museums under open air... In Suzdal, for example, there are practically no cars. On the streets of the city you will find mainly pedestrians and horse-drawn carriages. This is a reserve of old, pre-Petrine Russia with the Kremlin, Pokrovsky and Spaso-Evfimievsky monasteries, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and a museum of wooden architecture.

In addition to architecture and holy places, during the trip, you can get acquainted with the folk crafts of the Russian people. In the museums of many cities, samples of old art crafts are collected: wood and bone carving, products of skilled lace makers and jewelers, lacquer miniatures and painting on enamel (enamel) and much more.

Recently, the tourism business has been intensively developing in the cities of the Golden Ring of Russia, therefore, in almost any city you can find excursion services, an acceptable hotel, cafe or restaurant. They say that the best way to understand and get to know the great Russia, to feel the real Russian soul, is to drive along historical sites Golden Ring, see historical monuments with your own eyes, enjoy ancient architecture, art and painting, see ancient icons of ancient Russian masters.

Length 686 km, basin area 42.5 thousand km². The average discharge of water 185 km from the mouth, near the town of Kovrov, is 147 m³ / s.

The food is mainly snow. Freezes in November, opens in the first half of April.

The river originates within the Moscow Upland, near Solnechnogorsk.

From the source it flows to the southeast, along the territory of the urban district of Khimki, and then along the border of the Molzhaninovsky district of Moscow, where near the village of Cherkizovo it turns sharply to the east.

The banks in the upper reaches of the Klyazma are high, the valley is narrow. At the confluence with the Klyazminskoye reservoir, the width of the river reaches 12 m.

Further flows through the Klyazminskoe and Pirogovskoe reservoir... Below the named reservoirs, the flow of the Klyazma is regulated, its width at the Klyazma platform railroad Moscow-Yaroslavl - about 20 m. It flows mainly along the Meshchera lowland. Within the Meshchera, the right bank of the river is much lower than the left.

Below the mouth of the Teza, along the low left bank, the Balakhna lowland begins, on the right - steep coast(up to 90 meters), belonging to the Gorokhovetsky spur of the Tsninsky shaft. The width in Noginsk is 50 m, in Vladimir - 130 m.

In some places the Klyazma is more than 200 m wide. Maximum depth 8 m, small (1-2 m) prevails. In some places the river cuts through limestone strata. The bottom is clayey, in places sandy.

On the left bank between Kovrov and the mouth of the Teza there is the Klyazminsky State Nature Reserve (until 1978 there were 2 local beaver-desmander reserves: Yuzhsky in Ivanovskaya and Kovrovsky in the Vladimir region).

Tributaries

The largest tributaries: on the left - Ucha, Vorya, Chernogolovka, Sherna, Kirzhach, Pёksha, Koloksha, Nerl, Uvod, Teza and Lukh; on the right - Fields, Sudogda and Suvorosh (all of them, with the exception of Teza, are not navigable).

History

For a long time people have settled on the banks of the river and the entire basin. Archaeologists have excavated sites ancient man the Paleolithic era - the famous Sungir, Mesolithic - for example, near the village of Saurovo near Pavlovsky Posad), many Neolithic (including the village.

Bolshoye Bunkovo, Noginsky district - sites of Lyalovskaya and Fatyanovskaya cultures), settlements of Dyakovskaya culture.

In later times, the banks were inhabited by the Finno-Ugric meschera, Merya and Muroma (the languages of these tribes gave modern names to many of the river's tributaries), and the first Slavic burial mounds in these places were also found.

The development of the entire northeast of Russia is associated with the river and its tributaries, starting with the Vladimir-Suzdal principality (XII century).

At this time, the river with tributaries was used for navigation along its entire length, which made it possible to spread its influence far, and the Klyazma-Skhodnya-Moscow trade route, which was used even before the Slavic settlement, developed an economic basis.

Since the development of crafts (XVII century), the river has concentrated many paper, ceramic and especially textile industries, first handicrafts, and later factory and factory.

In 1937, the upper reaches of the Klyazma were cut off by the Moscow Canal, the runoff below the reservoirs through the Akulovskaya and Pirogovskaya dams, simultaneously generating electricity, began to be regulated and fed by the waters of the upper Volga and rivers in the north of the Moscow region.

In 1940, within the framework of the GULAG system, it was planned and due to the outbreak of the war, the construction of two hydroelectric power plants (near Vladimir and Kovrov) was mothballed.

In the 70s, the project of the Eastern Shipping Canal was considered.

River today

On the river there are such big cities such as Dolgoprudny, Shchelkovo, Korolev, Losino-Petrovsky, Noginsk, Pavlovsky Posad, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Sobinka, Vladimir, Kovrov, Vyazniki, Gorokhovets.

The river provides water to both numerous industries and residents of large settlements in the middle and lower reaches.

Navigable for 302 km from the mouth to Vladimir, however last years guaranteed depths are not supported.

River port in Vyazniki, shipyard in Gorokhovets.

Ecology, fauna, vegetation

Along the entire current from the city of Shchelkovo to the deep tributaries of the Vladimir region. the waters of the river are unsuitable for eating, bathing and fishing.

The Klyazma is heavily polluted in its upper reaches, but still quite rich in fish (bream, ide, podust, asp, perch, pike, roach, ruff, burbot, gudgeon, bleak, chub).

Nowadays, catfish and sterlet are almost never found in the Klyazma, for which the river was famous in the 19th century.

Coastal vegetation is represented by various types of willows and sedges, chalice, reed, cattail, stinging nettle, forest geranium, tripartite succession, aquatic vegetation - duckweed, water lily, egg capsule, Canadian elodea, hornwort, and various types of pondweed.

The river is available for kayaking from May to September.