The average annual air temperature is Tierra del Fuego. Ushuaia (land of fire)

What climate is Tierra del Fuego in? and got the best answer

Answer from Condorita [guru]
Temperate maritime climate
We carefully look at the map. According to Alisov's classification, there is no other climate there

Due to the proximity of Antarctica and high air humidity, the snow line begins almost from the sea surface.
A source:

Answer from Zinaida[guru]
The climate of Tierra del Fuego is very humid, with the exception of the extreme east. The archipelago is constantly exposed to the harsh and humid southwestern winds. In the west, up to 3000 mm of precipitation falls per year, with drizzling rains prevailing, which last 300-330 days a year. In the east, the amount of precipitation drops sharply.
Temperatures are low throughout the year, and seasonal fluctuations are negligible. We can say that the archipelago Tierra del Fuego in summer temperature it is close to the tundra, and in winter - to the subtropics.
The climatic conditions of Tierra del Fuego are favorable for the development of glaciation. The snow border in the west is at an altitude of 500 m, and the glaciers drop directly into the ocean, forming icebergs. Mountain ranges covered with ice, and only a few sharp peaks rise above it.

Answer from Tata[guru]
The climate of Tierra del Fuego is a subpolar oceanic climate with short, cool summers and long, humid, moderate winters: the average rainfall is 3,000 mm
Cold and humid weather helps preserve ancient glaciers.
The most southern islands have a sub-Antarctic climate typical of the tundra, which makes tree growth impossible.
Some areas within the region have a predominantly polar climate.
Areas in the world with climates similar to those of southern Tierra del Fuego are the Aleutian Islands, Iceland, Alaska and the Faroe Islands.

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: In what climatic is Tierra del Fuego?

Those who wish to go even to the ends of the world are unlikely to realize what Tierra del Fuego is meant. The archipelago is located in the very south South America and has about 40 thousand islets of various sizes and shapes. Such strange name territory was given by the navigator When in 1520 he swam to the islands, he saw numerous bonfires of the Indians, which he took for volcanic vents.

Today, Tierra del Fuego is divided between two states: Argentina and Chile. The first got South part, and the second all the rest of the territory. The northern part of the archipelago is in many ways similar to Patagonia, and further to the south, nature is becoming poorer, mountainous landscapes, covered with glaciers, appear. During the year the climate here is quite cool, so it is very difficult to call this archipelago a resort. Tierra del Fuego, despite this, every year attracts more and more people who want to be alone with nature, far from civilization.

No one will be bored here, because you can go fishing, go for a walk or take a cruise. The guides have developed numerous routes along which you can go to the mountains and admire the surrounding landscapes. It is suggested to walk or ride horses, motorcycles. There are also ski slopes here, so fans of this sport will definitely like Tierra del Fuego.

You can get acquainted with the local architecture, historical and cultural monuments, admire the flora and fauna of these places. When planning to go on vacation, many tourists confuse the Earth's fire belt with the southernmost archipelago due to similar names. The end of the world is in many ways different from other places on the planet, so it is really worth visiting here at least once.

Be sure to visit the regional museum Fin del Mundo and the museum located in the city prison, both located in the southernmost city of the planet - Ushuaia. It is also recommended to take a boat trip on the Beagle Channel, named after Charles Darwin's ship. Tierra del Fuego gave the scientist the opportunity to conduct important research that formed the basis of evolutionary theory. You should definitely take a cruise to the islands inhabited by arctic birds, magellanic penguins. You can get a lot of impressions from walking along National Park, which has no analogues in the whole world.

Having visited the archipelago, it is worth going around Cape Horn, in the coastal waters of which the whole rests. This should be done from November to March, then the weather is not too raging. It will be interesting to repeat the route of Charles Darwin, for this you need to hire a guide with a boat, having previously insured them and yourself at the same time. In restaurants, you need to try a dish from centolla, this is not found anywhere else.

To confidently declare to everyone that you have been to the very end of the world, you need to go to Puerto Toro, a fishing village where about 50 old-timers live. Tierra del Fuego is fraught with many interesting things. To open the veil of secrets, you just need to come here and get to know the local

In the very south of South America, separated from the mainland by the Strait of Magellan, lies the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, consisting of one large island, bearing the same name, and a large number of small islets, almost all of them uninhabited. The islands are divided between Argentina and Chile.

Tierra del Fuego attracts tourists with its unusual harsh nature and proximity to Antarctica. Tourist trips to the ice continent regularly start from here.

Main tourist centre The islands are the young city of Ushuaia, founded in 1884 by members of the Argentine expedition. At the beginning of the 20th century, a prison was built here, the prisoners of which became the first inhabitants of the city.

Today it is a tourist center with an international airport and all related services... This southernmost city in the world is often called the “end of the world”.

How to get there

Most travelers arrive in the city by plane. There are direct flights from Buenos Aires to international Airport Ushuaia. Travel time is about 3.5 hours. There is also a direct flight from El Calafate. The airport is located near the city. There is no special route connecting them, but you can quickly and inexpensively take a taxi.

You can also get here by car or bus. Direct flight from the capital, no, you need to get there with a transfer via Rio Gallegos, from where the road will take about 36 hours.

Transport

Mostly taxis and buses.

Communication and Internet

There are three mobile operators: Claro (America Movil), Movistar (Telefonica), Personal (Telecom Argentina). SIM cards of Russian operators work, but roaming is very expensive. You can buy a local SIM card in the salons of the operator or his representative. This requires a passport and telephone. For more details, see the article about.

Resting places

The harsh climate does not allow swimming in the ocean. But on the coast, in the bays of Lapataya and Ensenada, you can admire huge albatrosses and petrels.

Treatment in the city

There are no clinics and sanatoriums here. Tourists who come here can enjoy clean air and natural beauty.

What to bring

Tierra del Fuego souvenirs are common - woolen knitwear, chocolates and handicrafts made from local raw materials. In addition, Ushuaia is a tax-free zone, so you can buy a lot of goods here for a very low prices... There are several breweries in Ushuaia that make good beer.

What and where to eat

Typical local dishes are lamb and black hake, as well as king (Kamchatka) crab. All this can be tasted in one of the many restaurants.

Do not eat shellfish found on local beaches- it is poisonous due to the red tide.

Entertainment and attractions

Almost all sights here are of natural origin. One of the most important is National park Tierra del Fuego with an area of ​​63 thousand hectares. It is located on the border with Chile. The relief here is predominantly mountainous, and in the valleys you can see many rivulets and glacial lakes. It has preserved rare species of trees and animals: beavers, red foxes, otters.

In the summer, you can do here walking tours and skiing in winter. 30 km from the city is located ski resort where you can ski from June to October.

Monthly weather in Ushuaia (land of fire)

The weather here is very changeable and depends on the prevailing winds. Sometimes it changes several times a day. The average January temperature is about 10ºC, although sometimes the air warms up to 23ºC. At this time, you can observe white nights here, when the day lasts until 18 hours. The coldest months of the year are July and August with average temperature+ 1ºC. Spring is usually very windy.

Detailed map of Ushuaia (Tierra del Fuego)

The sun's rays, passing through transparent bodies, heat them very weakly. For this reason, direct sunlight almost does not heat the air of the atmosphere, but heats the surface of the Earth, from which heat is transferred to the adjacent layers of air. As the air heats up, it becomes lighter and rises up, where it mixes with the colder air, in turn heating it up.

As it rises upward, the air cools. At an altitude of 10 km, the temperature is constantly kept at around 40-45 ° C.

The decrease in air temperature with height is a general pattern. However, an increase in temperature is often observed as it rises. This phenomenon is called temperature inversion, that is, by permutation of temperatures.

Inversions occur either during rapid cooling earth surface and adjacent air, or, conversely, when heavy cold air flows down the slopes of the mountains into the valleys. There, this air stagnates and displaces the warmer air up the slopes.

During the day, the air temperature does not remain constant, but changes continuously. During the day, the Earth's surface heats up and heats up the adjacent air layer. At night, the Earth radiates heat, cools, and the air cools. Most low temperatures observed not at night, but before sunrise, when the earth's surface has already given up all the heat. Similarly, the most high temperatures air are set not at noon, but at about 15 o'clock.

At the equator diurnal temperature variation monotonous, day and night they are almost the same. The diurnal amplitudes are very insignificant in the seas and near the sea coasts. But in deserts during the day, the surface of the earth often heats up to 50-60 ° C, and at night it often cools down to 0 ° C. Thus, the daily amplitudes here exceed 50-60 ° C.

V temperate latitudes the largest number solar radiation comes to Earth on the days of the summer solstices, that is, June 22 in the Northern Hemisphere and December 21 in the Southern Hemisphere. However, the hottest month is not June (December), but July (January), since on the day of the solstice, a huge amount of radiation is spent on heating the earth's surface. In July (January), radiation decreases, but this decrease is compensated by the strongly heated earth's surface.

Similarly, the coldest month is not June (December), but July (January).

At sea, as the water cools and heats up more slowly, the temperature shift is even greater. Here the hottest month is August, and the coldest is February in the Northern Hemisphere and, accordingly, the hottest month is February and the coldest month is August in the Southern Hemisphere.

Annual amplitude temperatures are highly dependent on the latitude of the location. So, at the equator, the amplitude remains almost constant throughout the year and is 22-23 ° C. The highest annual amplitudes typical for territories located in mid-latitudes in the interior of the continents.

Any area is also characterized by absolute and average temperatures. Absolute temperatures established by long-term observations at meteorological stations. So, the hottest (+58 ° C) place on Earth is in the Libyan desert; the coldest (-89.2 ° C) is in Antarctica at Vostok station. In the Northern Hemisphere, the lowest temperature (-70.2 ° C) was recorded in the village of Oymyakon in Eastern Siberia.

Average temperatures defined as the arithmetic mean of several thermometer indicators. So, in order to determine the average daily temperature, measurements are made at 1; 7; 13 and 19 hours, i.e. 4 times a day. From the figures obtained, an arithmetic mean is found, which will be the average daily temperature of a given area. Then the average monthly and average annual temperatures are found as the arithmetic mean of the daily average and monthly average.

On the map, you can mark points with the same temperature values ​​and draw lines connecting them. These lines are called isotherms. The most indicative are the isotherms of January and July, that is, the coldest and warmest month of the year. The isotherms can be used to determine how heat is distributed on the Earth. In this case, clearly expressed patterns can be traced.

1. The highest temperatures are observed not at the equator, but in tropical and subtropical deserts, where direct radiation predominates.

2. In both hemispheres, temperatures decrease from tropical latitudes to the poles.

3. Due to the predominance of the sea over land, the course of isotherms in Southern hemisphere smoother, and the temperature amplitude between the hottest and coldest months is less than in the North.

The southernmost Argentine province, located on the island of Tierra del Fuego, has practically no land borders with other provinces of Argentina. The closest province of Santa Cruz, which occupies the northern part of the island, is separated from it by the Strait of Magellan. In the west, Tierra del Fuego borders Chile, in the east it is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south is Antarctica.

The territory of the province of Tierra del Fuego is quite controversial and conflicting. According to official data from Argentina, this province consists of three parts - the eastern part of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, the Antarctic sector and several archipelagos in the southern part. Atlantic Ocean(Malvinas or Fockland Islands, South Sandwich Islands and South Georgia). This is how the province is officially called - "Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica and the islands of the South Atlantic." But in fact, only Tierra del Fuego belongs to Argentina. Antarctica is a neutral territory under the 1961 Antarctic Convention, and the Malvinas Islands, the subject of a long-standing dispute between Argentina and Great Britain, are controlled by this European country.

Accordingly, such indicators as area and population also have a double meaning. Thus, the area of ​​the province in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago is 21,263 km2. sq., and including Antarctica and the islands - 1 002 445 km. sq. The population here is very small and is only 164,944 people.

The province owes its name to the discoverer of these lands, Magellan. Seeing how the natives burn fires, he called this land of fire. With his light hand, this name was assigned to the archipelago.

The weather conditions are extremely harsh here. The weather is usually cold, humid, constantly blowing strong winds... The average annual temperature is only + 5.3 ° C. The climate is suitable for comfortable tourism for only three months in the years - from December to February, when it comes high season.

The relief of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago is represented by low mountains and flat steppes, in places covered with low-growing Magellanic forests. On the coast there is sandy beaches, and in the very center of the island is the Andean mountain system... The numerous small glaciers characteristic of this zone are gradually melting and sliding into the ocean. Local pastures are ideal for grazing sheep, which at one time gave impetus to the development of sheep breeding. And today it is the leading branch of the regional economy. Fishing, forestry, wool production, and oil and gas production also play an important role in the province's economy.

The capital of the province, an important port and a major tourist destination is Ushuaia. The southernmost city on Earth sits on the banks of the famous Beagle Channel and offers tourists a wide range of activities in contact with the pristine nature of Patagonia. The picturesque town, surrounded by a ridge of snow-capped mountains, is quite small, but nevertheless has all the necessary tourist infrastructure - elegant commercial centers, comfortable hotels, quality restaurants, museums and travel agencies offering a wide range of excursions in the surrounding area. During the high season, they often stop at the port cruise ships filling the city with motley crowds of tourists.

Sights of Ushuaia:

• Tierra del Fuego national park
• Beagle Channel Boat Tour

200 km. north of Ushuaia on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean is the second tourist center of Tierra del Fuego - the city of Rio Grande, which is gaining momentum in last years attracting many tourists. Here you will find completely different landscapes of the coastal part of Patagonia, as well as historical and cultural routes, during which you will get acquainted with the dramatic history of this harsh land. Sport fishing and agritourism are very popular in the Rio Grande.

Argentine Antarctica

Currently, the Antarctic territory is divided between 7 countries: Great Britain, France, Norway, New Zealand, Australia, Argentina and Chile, but does not belong to any state. Only scientific activities are permitted on its territory. Geographically, Argentine Antarctica includes the Antarctic Peninsula with the South Ocney and South Shetland Islands and a triangular sector stretching from the waters of the Atlantic Ocean to the South Pole, which is located within 25 ° W. d. - 74 ° W etc.

The ideal time to travel to Antarctica is December – January, when there are most clear days here. Most cruises to Antarctica leave from the port of Ushuaia. On the waterfront of Ushuaia, several travel agencies offer cruises and tours to Antarctica. Antartica turismo Ushuaia is considered to be the most adequate in terms of price-quality ratio, organizing such trips, whose office you will also find on the waterfront of the city. However, it should be understood that the cost of a cruise ticket will not be lower than USD 3,000 in any case.

Current time in Ushuaia:
(UTC -3)

Antarctica has a huge field of activity for curious and active travelers! Here you can take a tour of the Antarctic ice fields, fly a helicopter over glaciers, cruise along the coast, plying between giant icebergs and enjoy the marine fauna of the generous Antarctic waters, which provide shelter to populations of blue whales, elephant seals, seals, fur seals and emperor penguins. The pristine beauty of this land is capable of capturing the imagination of even sophisticated travelers!