Krasny Yar city. The village of red yar

Today, the village of Krasny Yar is spread over almost 2500 square kilometers in Samara region... It includes 10 volosts, and the distance to railroad from the village of Krasny Yar - 13 km.

The history of the village of Krasny Yar began in 1732, when, after the decree of Empress Anna Ivanovna, the construction of the Krasnoyarsk fortress began on the right bank of the Sok River, the remains of which are still located in the center of this village. I must say that at that time this fortress was a very important object of Tsarist Russia, since the extracted reserves of sulfur were transported across the Sok River, which was very necessary for the manufacture of ammunition, since Russia then participated in the Northern War against Sweden. In addition, near this fortress, good agricultural and livestock prospects opened up for a good existence in peacetime.

In the 19th century, the level of trade increased significantly, due to the increased demand for agricultural products that were mined in the village of Krasny Yar. This attracted even more residents there and strengthened the position of the settlement. And in 1861 the first school was opened in Krasny Yar.
At the beginning of the 20th century, a post office and a telegraph office were opened. Gradually the settlement turned into a large shopping center... During the 20th century, the number of industrial and cultural sites has grown.

And today Krasny Yar is one of the significant administrative centers of the Samara region, on the territory of which the remains of the Krasnoyarsk fortress are located - a monument of federal significance to the Russian Federation.

Geography

The village of Krasny Yar is located on the left bank of the Buzan channel of the Volga delta.

History

• The construction of the Krasny Yar fortress began in 1650.
• The county town of Krasny Yar in 1925 lost its urban status, becoming a village.

Ancient history

Krasny Yar was founded in 1667 on a high promontory on the left bank of the Buzan at the confluence of the Akhtuba River, and was founded with approximately the same purpose as Cherny Yar. The main role of Krasny Yar was to ensure that "the inhabitants of it, behind the robbery enterprises of the Don Cossacks, who went from the Volga to Buzan, and from there went to the Caspian Sea ... diligently watched so that they would not be allowed to go out to sea."

The wooden-earthen fortress of Krasny Yar was also built according to the type of Chernoyarskaya. It differed from Chernoyarskaya only in that it originally had five towers.

The founding of the town is directly related to those stormy events that then captured the entire Lower Volga region in their circulation. As you know, in the summer of 1667, after the Black Yar, the Razins went freely along the Volga on their ships in the direction of Astrakhan. However, Razin did not intend to go to the city, as he was well aware of the weakness of his then forces for storming a powerful fortress. That is why his plows turned into Buzan. And yet, somewhere at the beginning of the Buzanskaya channel, the Cossacks had to face a detachment of S. Beklemishev sent across from them from Astrakhan. The Cossacks, however, utterly defeated the archers and at the beginning of June 1667 passed by Krasny Yar. Astrakhan Matvey Kireev reported this later from Krasny Yar: “On the second day of July ... at the first hour of the day they drove past the city on the other side, along the Buzan River District in 30 planes, Cossacks, according to an estimate, 30 planes in the Cheremshansky tract I will, from the city about three versts to the fishermen. " Cheremshansky Stan is the current village of Cheryomukha, located several kilometers below Krasny Yar. The Razins stayed here. The literature sometimes mentions the battle of the Cossacks with the Krasnoyarsk archers. But he was not, otherwise the same Kireev would have reported about him. It could not take place also for the reason that the city in the summer of 1667, in fact, did not exist yet. It was just being built by order of Prozorovsky's predecessor at the post of the Astrakhan governor, Prince Ivan Khilkov. And any strong garrison in Krasny Yar was simply absent. It is known, however, that a new, more than one and a half thousand army under the command of I. Ruzhinsky followed the Razins, but it was late for Krasny Yar. And therefore, quietly passing by the half-built town, the Razin ships entered the Caspian Sea.

19th century

Numerous fires and the redevelopment of the city, which began in 1843, left nothing from the fortifications. Time did not save the Vladimirsky Cathedral standing in the center of the town - one of the best buildings of the "Naryshkinsky" baroque in the Lower Volga region. But this land has preserved the monuments of more ancient eras. Krasny Yar was built on one of the largest Golden Horde settlements. There is an assumption that the Krasnoyarsk settlement is the ruins of the first capital of the Golden Horde - the city of Saray. Local residents still find samples of the Golden Horde household and architectural ceramics. Some of the finds can be viewed in the small local history museum. Judging by the stories of old-timers, the builders of the Vladimir Cathedral, which has not come down to us, used the decorative material of the Golden Horde city. During the dismantling of the cathedral, residents found many colored tiles that adorned the cathedral, very similar to the Golden Horde samples, which are now kept in the local museum.

Krasnoyarsk village

• The Cossack population of the city was the Krasnoyarsk stanitsa of the Astrakhan army.

Architecture

The old architecture of the town is modest and unassuming. Several houses have survived from the time of classicism, but almost all of them are so rebuilt that it is almost impossible to guess the original forms in them. The two-storey building of the former public places has been preserved from the late classical era. For those who have visited Cherny Yar and Enotaevka, it will turn out to be doubly interesting, since, despite the later restructuring that distorted its appearance, it clearly resembles the Present places of Cherny Yar and Enotaevsk. And only a rectangular frame added at the end of the upper window casing distinguishes the building from Krasny Yar from similar buildings in more northern towns. Having now familiarized ourselves with all three structures, we can confidently say that the Chernoyarsk project was used in all three.

The wooden buildings of Krasniy Yar are also interesting. Standing next to the building of Public Places wooden house has a classically simple composition of the main facade. The columns of pilasters, a multi-shaped cornice, a mezzanine with three windows - everything seems to be related to the structure. known type a small wooden manor house, which established itself in the cities of Russia by the end of the classical period. But in the decoration of the windows, this composition is already strongly blurred by a touch of pseudo-Russian stylization of the second half of the 19th century.

The carving of many residential buildings in Krasny Yar is simple and unpretentious. But this unpretentiousness is sometimes made up for by the "work" of the very structure of any element of the building. And here a very simple platband of a window, far removed from the plane of the wall, or an ordinary porch of a house can turn out to be plastically expressive. Such quite simple inventions, which, perhaps, are not inventions at all, nevertheless impart uniqueness to the residential buildings of this quiet old town, lost among the countless branches of a huge delta.

Notable natives

• Aristov, Averky Borisovich (1903-1973) - Soviet party and public figure
• (1904-1976) - Soviet military leader, colonel general
• Aldamzharov, Gaziz Kamashevich (born 1947) - Kazakh politician

Notes (edit)

Links

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

KRASNY YAR(Krasnojar, Krasnoyar, Krasnoyarkovka, German Krasnoyar, Walter, Krasny Kolonok, Tsezarovka), now s. KRASNY YAR, Engels District, Saratov Region, a German colony on the left bank of the Volga, at the confluence of the Berezovka River into the Volga (the German name of the river is Pakh, from "Bach" - a stream). It was located 410 versts from the city of Samara, 30 versts from Saratov, 180 versts from Novouzensk, along the trade route from Nikolaevsk to Saratov. From 1871 to October 1918 it was a volost village in the Krasnoyarsk volost of the Novouzensky district of the Samara province. After the formation of the Labor Commune of the Volga Germans, the village of Krasny Yar was the administrative center of the Krasnoyarsk village council of the Marksstadt canton. From 1922, after the formation of the Krasnoyarsk canton and until 1927, it was the cantonal center of the Republic of Volga Germans (as of January 1, 1922, 32 settlements with a population of 19.8 thousand people, in 1926 - 36 settlements with a population of 22,099 people, of which Germans - 21 902 people, Russians - 63, Ukrainians - 3, other nationalities - 131 people). In 1926 the Krasnoyarsk village council included the village. Krasny Yar, high. Mechet-1 and Mechet-2. At the end of 1927, in the course of the administrative-territorial reform, the canton was liquidated, and the village of Krasny Yar was transferred to the Markshadt canton. In 1935 the Krasnoyarsk canton was restored.

The colony was created on July 20, 1767 as a crown colony. According to one of the versions, the name was given taking into account the peculiarities of the picturesque hilly and ravine area. In the Russian language, the “yar” was the name for the natural boundaries on the banks of the rivers, a steep, elevated bank, and the adjective “red” meant beautiful. According to another version, Russian name Krasny Yar has a German etymology: supposedly the first colonists, surprised by the abundance of meadow grass in the fields, gave the colony the name "Grasjahr" - grass year (from the German words "Gras" - grass and "Jahr" - year). By the decree of February 26, 1768 on the names of the German colonies, the name of Krasny Yar was retained for the settlement. The rest of the names were given to the colony in honor of the colonist commissar Caesar - "Tsezarovka" and in honor of the first vorsteger - "Walter", but they were rarely used.

The first foresteger, Christoph Walter, a 37-year-old farmer, arrived at the colony from Darmstadt (Ridesel) with his wife Anna Maria and two daughters. Until 1804, Kraum was the foresteger of the colony. The founders of Krasny Yar were 353 colonists (112 families), who came mainly from Darmstadt, Kurpfalz, Isenburg, Franconia and other German lands. Most of the 112 families were Lutherans. 16 families were Reformed.

Each householder received 25 rubles from the Guardianship Office in Saratov, two horses, one cow, four wheels, shafts, an arc, 11 fathoms of rope, two belt bridles and five fathoms of hemp rope for the reins. Poor conditions for keeping livestock and the inability of the colonists to handle them in the early years of the settlement led to a massive loss of livestock. In Krasny Yar in 1766, half of all the cattle allocated to the colonists fell.

Among the first 74 householders were four guild craftsmen - a shoemaker, a hosiery weaver, as well as representatives of such rare professions as a calico printmaker and a glazier. The rest of the first settlers were farmers and, by the nature of their occupation in their former homeland, fully corresponded to the main goal of attracting colonists - the development of an agricultural zone in the desert steppe outskirts of Russia.

According to the revision of 1834, the colonists were allotted land for 15 dessiatines per capita. The litigation of the colonists with the state peasants of the Pokrovskaya Sloboda, who seized the lands of the colonists, continued for several years. According to the 10th revision of 1857, 1,500 male colonists owned land in the amount of about 5.7 dessiatines per capita. The colonists were mainly engaged in arable farming and flour-grinding production. The first mill was built in the colony back in the 1770s. The colonists cultivated wheat, rye, oats, barley, potatoes, and specialized in cultivating the most promising wheat variety "white turka" at that time. To a much lesser extent than agriculture, the inhabitants of Krasny Yar were engaged in handicrafts and trades. A significant place in the agriculture of the colonists was occupied by the cultivation of tobacco.

According to the Samara Provincial Statistical Committee, in 1910 there were 1,081 households in the village, there was a volost board, a post office, a judicial and investigative institution, and a pharmacy. Enough high level there was health care, in Krasniy Yar not only there was a zemstvo emergency room, two doctors, three paramedics worked, but an eye clinic was also opened. A brick factory was built in the village, the Shardt steam mill, built in 1907, as well as a water mill and 10 windmills worked. By 1910 a library appeared in the village.

During the years of Soviet power, a house of culture was opened in Krasny Yar, a printing house worked, and there was a telephone exchange. In the 1930s. the collective farms "Frische Kraft" and "Rotfront" were created, a machine-tractor station was organized, the cultivation of tobacco was revived. In September 1941, the Germans were deported from the village.

School and education of children. The church school, which appeared in the village from the moment of its foundation, trained children aged 7 to 15 years. Before the construction of the first church in 1815, divine services and school classes were held in the school and prayer house. By the middle of the 19th century, a school was opened in the colony, and in the 1870s - a zemstvo school. By the beginning of the twentieth century, there were two zemstvo schools in the village, where the Russian language was studied.

In 1900, the inspector of public schools turned to I. Erbes, the inspector of public schools, who, pointing out that there is only one Russian language teacher for 600 children in Krasny Yar, recommended increasing the allocations for teaching the Russian language and introducing a second teachers of the Russian language. According to the statistical data on the state of schools in the German colonies, collected by the Provost of the Left Bank I. Erbes, in 1906, out of 7502 inhabitants of the village, about 1000 were children aged from 7 to 15 years old, obliged to receive primary education. School attendance by school-age children was not 100%, 85 children could not study due to the poverty of their parents or daily employment in trades and crafts. In 1906, 120 boys, 23 girls studied at the first zemstvo school in the village, and two teachers worked, the second zemstvo school was attended by 191 boys and 112 girls, and five teachers worked here. The church school had 112 boys, 325 girls and two teachers. All three schools were supported by the funds of the church community. During the years of Soviet power, both schools were merged and converted into an elementary school. In 1923 a vocational technical school was opened in Krasny Yar, and in 1924 - a school for peasant youth. As of 1937 - 143 inhabitants of the village were illiterate, for them illiteracy eradication courses were created.

The denomination of the inhabitants and the church. The colonists belonged to the Evangelical Lutheran confession. Since 1767, the Krasny Yar community was part of the Rosengeim (Podstepnoe) parish. The parish of Rosenheim (Podstepnoe) was founded in 1767. It included the colonies of Rosenheim, Shved (Zvonarevka), Stahl (Zvonarev Kut), Enders (Ust-Karaman), Krasny Yar, Fisher (Telyause), Schultz (Lugovaya Gryaznukha), Reinwald (Staritskoe). In 1820, Reinwald and Schultz became part of the Reinhardt (Osinovka) parish, and the Fischer community was annexed to the South Ekaterinenstadt parish. Since 1880, the village of Krasny Yar formed an independent parish, the creation of which was approved by a decree of November 20, 1880. The parish included one church community, Krasny Yar.

In the first years after the establishment of the settlement, the colonists of Krasny Yar held services in a prayer house, which had the status of a branch. The exact date of its construction is not known. It was built with state funds in the first one or two years after the settlement of the colonists. The colonists had to pay the money spent to the state over the next ten years.

The wooden church was built in Krasny Yar in 1815. It had the status of a branch and was consecrated as the Church of the Holy Trinity. Over time, the old church became small and could not accommodate all the parishioners, which by the middle of the 19th century numbered about 5.2 thousand people. The project of the new Krasnoyarsk church was approved by the state authorities in 1857. The foundation stone was laid in the foundation of the church in 1859. By 1861, a new wooden church was built on the site of the old small church, it had benches for 1500 worshipers. The church was consecrated on July 9, 1861.

In the external appearance of the building one could feel the imitation of the architecture of classicism. The porch in the form of a portico with a triangular pediment in the center of the main facade, in front of which there was a brick gate crowned with three turrets, gave the church a splendor. The four massive columns of the portico were arranged symmetrically and were crowned with rather modest Doric capitals. Behind the columns in the center was the entrance opening and the window above it. The four-tiered tower tapering upwards had three semicircular windows and was crowned with a dome with a three-meter cross. On the side facades of the building there were also columns crowned with massive triangular pediments, behind the columns there were side entrances to the church. The temple had spacious balconies on the second floor and a magnificent interior decoration... Next to the church there was a wooden parsonage with an outbuilding built in 1883.

Pages of the history of the church community and parish. By 1880 the village of Krasny Yar numbered more than four thousand people. The Lutheran congregation of the parish needed its own pastor and therefore the parishioners decided to apply for the creation of a separate parish, the foundation of which was approved in 1880. The first pastor of the parish was Karl Wilhelm Theodor Blum (1841-1906), who served until 1881 in the Parish of Fresenthal. In 1901-1905. Karl Blum was a probst of the meadow side of the Volga. The last pastor of the parish, Wilhelm Friedrich Feldbach (1884-1970), was ordained in the Krasniy Yar church on December 26, 1919 and until 1924 served simultaneously in the parishes of Krasniy Yar and Yagodnaya Polyana. In 1924-1928. he was a pastor in the Lutheran community of Baku, and in 1928 he emigrated to Germany.

In 1929, when a campaign began in the country to remove the bells and melt them "on a tractor column", the bells from the church in Krasny Yar were removed and handed over to the Vozrozhdenie plant, which produced the first Soviet tractor "Karlik". In 1931, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Volga Germans received secret information from the regional Commission for the Consideration of Religious Issues, according to which the church had not yet been closed in the village at that time, there were 2,351 believers in the church community, of which 33 were classified as disenfranchised.

The Commission on Cults of the Central Executive Committee of the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of Volga Germans petitioned for the closure of the church on January 15, 1934. Out of 1,373 members of the community who had the right to vote, 1003 spoke in favor of closing the church. The Commission on Cults made a decision “to offer the collective of believers a prayer house from kulak houses”, and to use the church for the cultural needs of the village. The CEC Presidium decided to close the church on February 9, 1934. The cross was removed from the church, and a club was equipped in its building. After the Great Patriotic War, a cinema was opened in the former church, which no longer had a bell tower. The church was destroyed in the late 1980s.

List of pastors. Pastors of the Rosenheim (Podstepnoe) parish who served in the Krasny Yar community. 1767-1785 - Ludwig Helm. 1786-1788 - Laurentius Ahlbaum. 1788-1791 - Klaus Peter Lundberg 1792-1815 - Christian Friedrich Jäger. 1816-1820 - Franz Hölz. 1820-1831 - Johan Heinrich Buck. 1831-1866 - Alexander Karl August Allendorf. 1867-1879 - Friedrich Wilchelm Meyer. Pastors of the Krasny Yar parish. 1881-1905 - Karl Blum. 1905-1914 - Johannes Stenzel. 1914-1916 - Albert Arthur Schön 1916-1919 - Wilhelm Feldbach

Population. In 1767, 363 foreign colonists lived in Krasny Yar, in 1773 there were 460 of them, in 1788 - 537, in 1798 - 684, in 1816 - 1036, in 1834 - 1792, in 1850 - 2552, in 1859 - 3131, in 1883 - 4343, in 1889 - 4484 people. In 1878, 156 people emigrated to America. According to the general population census Russian Empire In 1897, 4721 people lived in Krasny Yar, of which 4622 were Germans. As of 1905, there were 7,514 people in the village, in 1910 - 7345 people. In 1909, about 400 people left the village for Siberia and the Steppe region. The Krasny Yar parish in 1906 had 7671 parishioners. According to the All-Russian Population Census of 1920, 6,569 people lived in Krasny Yar, all of them were Germans. In 1921, 296 people were born in the village, and 896 people died, only in March 1921 50 people died in the village. According to the Regional Statistical Office of the Autonomous Region of the Volga Germans, as of January 1, 1922, 4,724 people lived in Krasny Yar, in 1923 - 4,008 people. According to the All-Russian Population Census of 1926, the village numbered 847 households (of which 834 were German) with a population of 4546 people (of which 2177 were men and 2369 were women), including 4464 Germans (of which 2128 were men and 2336 were women). In 1931, 5145 people lived in Krasny Yar, of which 5129 were Germans, in 1939 - 4631 people.

The village is today. Now with. Krasny Yar, Engels district, Saratov region. When visiting Krasny Yar, its impressive size is still amazed; it is no coincidence that the village was a cantonal center. Before the revolution, Krasny Yar was even larger: according to the All-Russian population census of 2002, 3118 people lived in the village, which is more than two times less than the number of inhabitants of the village in 1910. In 1974, a new standard modern school was built in the village ... As of 2010, in a secondary school with. Krasny Yar had 326 students and 29 teachers.

In Krasny Yar, the old German layout has been preserved and a lot of old buildings, brick and wooden German houses, both private and public buildings - a pharmacy, a bread shop, a mill. Most of the old German houses have survived on Y. Gagarin Street. Opposite the modern building of the House of Culture, like a hundred years ago, there is a pharmacy. The former House of Culture, where the Department of Internal Affairs is located today, was built during the existence of the Republic of Volga Germans. On the site of the modern police building, there was a village square, on which locals gathered on holidays.

Every year fewer and fewer objects of German architecture remain in Krasny Yar. The building of the Lutheran church in the village has not survived. Until 2008, people who are not indifferent to history Russian Germans residents of Krasny Yar proudly demonstrated to the visitors the buildings of the former eye clinic, which was previously known far beyond the village. The wooden building has not been used for a long time, but the huge two-story building, connected to the brick one-story building by an arch, still reminded of German colonists and attracted lovers of German architecture to the village. In 2009, the building of the hospital was destroyed to the ground. Today, only a pile of bricks and rubbish has survived from it, next to which there is a one-story brick building of the former eye hospital.

The pride of the village is the old building of a four-story German mill, which produced flour for several nearby villages before the revolution. It was built in 1907 and was named Schardt's mill after its owner. The date of construction of the building is laid out under the roof on the side façade, and the letters with the owner's surname, which were in the same place, have not survived. The mill building is still in use today. After the deportation of the German population, compound feed was produced here and grain for livestock was ground. By the end of the twentieth century, the building was in a depressing state. In 1999, private entrepreneur S. Shuvakin and his companion from the Federal Republic of Germany bought and repaired the building, restored the stairs, brought in new Italian equipment, and installed a lifting elevator. Today the mill has a threshing shop, a scattering shop, a pasta shop and a bakery. The mill grinds up to 30 tons of grain per day, the company employs 50 people.

Vyushkov Nikita.

This work reflects the main milestones in the history of the emergence and development of this settlement. C Krasny Yar is an old settlement that arose more than 200 years ago.

This work fully reflects the dynamics of development from the moment the village was founded to the present day.

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Prosper, my native land!

We live with you the same destiny!

My village, I love you!

Thank you for everything!

Krasny Yar is a village in the south of the Astrakhan region. Administrative center and the largest locality Krasnoyarsk region. Located on the left bank of the Buzan channel of the Volga delta.

Krasny Yar was founded in 1667 on a high promontory on the left bank of the Buzan at the confluence of the Akhtuba River, and was founded with approximately the same purpose as Cherny Yar. The main role of Krasny Yar was to ensure that "the inhabitants of it, behind the robbery enterprises of the Don Cossacks, who went from the Volga to Buzan, and from there went to the Caspian Sea ... diligently watched so that they would not be allowed to go out to sea." The foundation of the town is directly related to the stormy events that then captured the entire Lower Volga region in their circulation.

Information about Krasny Yar of the 17th - early 18th centuries. not much has survived, since, staying away from the main Volga route, it did not attract the attention of travelers. Some information about him is given only by I. Kirilov and S.-G. Gmelin. They report that the city was located on an island, which was washed from the southern and western sides by one of the main channels of the Volga, Buzan, which connected here with Akhtuba and through a narrow crooked stream Ogorodny - with the Malaya Algar channel. The island rose rather high above the water and was called Mayachny Hill. S.-G. Gmelin reports that it was "as long as it is wide, and both diameters are two versts each." Information about the emergence of a settlement on Mayachny Bugr refers to the middle of the 17th century. I. Savvinsky reports that the first inhabitants appeared there "in the third year of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich"; in 1667 a wooden fortress was built on the island, in which 500 people were settled.

Numerous fires and the redevelopment of the city, which began in 1843, left nothing from the fortifications.

Krasny Yar was built on one of the largest Golden Horde settlements. There is an assumption that the Krasnoyarsk settlement is the ruins of the first capital of the Golden Horde - the city of Saray. Local residents still find samples of the Golden Horde household and architectural ceramics. Some of the finds can be viewed in the small local history museum. Judging by the stories of old-timers, the builders of the Vladimir Cathedral, which has not come down to us, used the decorative material of the Golden Horde city. During the dismantling of the cathedral, residents found many colored tiles that adorned the cathedral, very similar to the Golden Horde samples, which are now kept in the local museum.

Our Motherland is beautiful

Where we live

Our Krasny Yar is a curiosity

And this is a verse about him

My native village

You've come a long way

Fields and rivers expanse

Doesn't want to rest

All peoples became friends,

Live in the labor of the century

Years go by

And Krasny Yar - always!

The nature of Krasny Yar is unique, it causes delight and admiration, its inhabitants are hardworking, hospitable and responsive, and their national traditions have centuries-old roots. The population of the village is 10.9 thousand inhabitants (2002). More than 60 institutions and enterprises, 4389 farms, 401 entrepreneurs function in Krasny Yar. Are functioning educational institutions, central district hospital, 6 libraries, MDOU kindergarten "Skazka", etc. The main sectors of the economy are small and medium-sized businesses, housing and communal services, construction, private household plots and KFK. There are conditions for the development of pond fish farming. The territory of the settlement is a promising zone of housing development for apartment buildings and cottage-type houses. The look of the village is decorated with parks and squares, which are a favorite resting place for Krasnoyarsk residents. The consumer market in the village is represented by a wide range of services and goods offered. 401 entrepreneurs are registered on the territory of the settlement, more than 100 shops are functioning.

We are lucky: we live in a unique place, in good climatic conditions... Our village has interesting story dating back to the 16th century. We can be proud of this, we have something to preserve, protect, increase. Guests who come to our village from different parts of Russia envy us. We take great care of the cultural traditions and customs of all peoples compactly living in the territory of our municipality. We love our small homeland!

Rooted in the depths of centuries

My native village ...

It's beautiful at sunrise

When it was just dawn,

Unique at sunset

In the purple glow of the dawn;

It will never lose

Splendor and beauty ...

Astrakhan region.

In ancient times, the trade routes of the Persians and Arabs passed through the territory of the modern Astrakhan region. V VIII-X centuries territories were part of the Khazar Kaganate. There are assumptions that the capital of the Khazar Kaganate Itil, destroyed by Prince Svyatoslav in 965, was located on the territory of the modern Astrakhan region. Later, the Polovtsians settled here, who were replaced by the Mongol-Tatars in the first half of the 13th century.

In 1558, the Astrakhan Khanate was annexed to the Russian state. The Astrakhan Territory is the southeastern military outpost of the Russian state. In particular, in 1569 the Turks unsuccessfully besieged the Astrakhan fortress. In 1597, the construction of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky monastery, begun in 1578, was completed in Astrakhan.

In the 17th century, trade, fish and salt industries were developing in the Astrakhan Territory. In the middle of the century, the uprising of Stepan Razin took place on the territory of the Astrakhan Territory.

In 1705-06, local residents rebelled against the policy of Peter I. In 1722, a shipyard was built near the mouth of the Kutum River, which was named the Astrakhan Admiralty. In 1730-1740, the processing of silk and cotton began in the Astrakhan province.

By decree of November 15, 1802 Astrakhan province was divided into Astrakhan and Caucasian. Nevertheless, the separation of the Astrakhan province from the Caucasus was completed only on January 6, 1832, when the corresponding decree was signed.

In Soviet times, the territory of the modern Astrakhan region was included in the Astrakhan province, the Lower Volga region, the Lower Volga region, the Stalingrad region and the Stalingrad region until December 27, 1943, when the Astrakhan region was created by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (it included part districts of the abolished Kalmyk ASSR and the Astrakhan district of the Stalingrad region)

The beginning of the 18th century was marked for Astrakhan, as well as for the whole of Russia, by the bold transformations of the reformer Tsar Peter I. the formation of an independent Astrakhan province: "... Astrakhan province should be special, and to Astrakhan the cities of Simbirsk, Samara, Syzran, Kashkar, Saratov, Petrovsky, Dmitrovskaya, Tsaritsyn, Cherny Yar, Krasny Yar, Guryev, Terek to paint ...". The highest office was assigned to the governor as "the first guardian of the inviolable rights of the supreme power."

In 1719, the first governor appointed by the tsar, Artemy Petrovich Volynsky, arrived in Astrakhan. In the instruction received from Peter I, Volynsky was instructed to build fortresses, shops and barns near the sea, "to make courts hastily, direct, sea ...". He was entrusted with the construction of a naval port, the Admiralty, and the creation of the Caspian Flotilla. The tsar was preparing for the Persian campaign and for this purpose, in June 1722, the highest visited the sultry Astrakhan.

The task set by Peter, "so that any other power, which was not, would not establish itself on the Caspian Sea," was accomplished: the Caspian Flotilla, created in 1722, brilliantly showed itself in the Persian campaign.

The annexation of the northwestern provinces of Persia - Gilan, Mazandaran, Astrabad gave a new impetus not only to the Astrakhan trade, but also economic development edges in general. In the 40s of the 18th century, the number of small producers increased in Astrakhan, silk and cloth factories were operating, and the flow of Astrakhan goods to the domestic market of the country increased significantly. The improvement of roads has begun. The main route connecting Astrakhan with the capital was developing - the Moscow highway. On it in the 40s of the 18th century, the Enotaevskaya fortress arose. At the turn of the 18th - 19th centuries, Astrakhan turned out to be the official center of the vast territory of the Caucasian governorship, where the Astrakhan province entered under the name of the region. At the head of this powerful administrative entity were governor-generals who were in charge of the Caspian flotilla and military units. Representing the strategic interests of Russia in the Caspian, Astrakhan was built and strengthened: there were hundreds of warships, thousands of sailors and ship workers. In 1792, Governor General I.V. Gudovich ordered to move all the "loopholes" and dye-houses out of the city in order to cleanse and improve the center.

XIX century - the era of wars, scientific and technological achievements and the economic prosperity of Russia - became for Astrakhan a century of new economic, political and cultural development. In the second half of the 19th century, Astrakhan played an important role in the transportation of oil and oil products. In 1879 the Nobel Brothers Oil Production Partnership was formed.

The natural resources of the region - salt, fish - brought considerable income to the Russian merchants. Astrakhan province provided over 1/3 of all fish products and 1/3 of salt supplied to the country's markets. The healing mud of the Tinak Lake attracted the attention of the provincial authorities, which contributed to the creation of the famous hospital.

Various holidays are held on the territory of the Astrakhan region. So, the day of the archaeologist in the Astrakhan region is held near the village of Selitrennoye. However, the day of the archaeologist 2011 was celebrated in two places at once: near the village of Selitrennoye and in Saray-Batu - the scenery for the film "Horde". A colorful festive program with the participation of singers, folk and modern dance ensembles, as well as demonstration battles of the As-Tarkhan historical reconstruction club took place on the site near the village of Selitrennoye.

In addition, attractions, souvenir shops and cafes worked for the guests of the event in 2011. national cuisine... The scenery site of the ancient Golden Horde city of Saray-Batu held an equally memorable program: camel and hang-gliding rides, an oriental bazaar and tasting of national dishes in the “Visiting Khan” cafe.

Those interested could also visit the excursion to the excavations "Selitrennoe settlement". The evening of Archaeologist Day 2011 ended with bright fireworks and fiery dances.

Other an important event which is already international in nature - this is the summit of the heads of three states - Russia, Azerbaijan and Armenia - in Astrakhan. Of course, high-ranking officials from different countries, including the Presidents of Russia and Turkmenistan, but it was this meeting that showed that the Astrakhan region is indeed becoming the center of attraction of interests not only in the Caspian Sea, but also in the entire Southeast and Central Asian direction. The summit is important for us also because its topic was not a discussion of the problems of the Caspian states, but the settlement of the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. So, today Astrakhan is already seriously considered as a possible site for the summit of the Caspian "five". All this clearly demonstrates that the image of the region has radically changed, and the Astrakhan region has already reached a completely different level.