The Ural Mountains are located on the territory of Russia and Kazakhstan and are unique geographic feature dividing the continent of Eurasia into two parts.
The direction and extent of the Ural Mountains.
The length of the Ural Mountains is more than 2500 km, they originate from the coastThe Arctic Ocean and end in the sultry deserts of Kazakhstan. Due to the fact that the mountains of the Urals cross the territory of Russia from north to south, they pass through five geographical zones. They include the vastness of the Orenburg, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Aktobe, Tyumen and Kustanai regions, as well as the territory of the Perm Territory, the Republic of Komi and Bashkortostan.
Mineral resources of the Ural mountains.
In the bowels of the Urals, untold riches are hidden, known to the whole world. This is the famous malachite, and gems, colorfully described by Bazhov in his tales, asbestos, platinum, gold and other minerals.
The nature of the Ural mountains.
This land is famous for its incredible beauty of nature. People come here to look at amazing mountains, plunge into the clear waters of numerous lakes, go down into caves or raft along the turbulent rivers of the Ural Mountains. You can travel to colorful places both measuring the expanses of the Urals with steps with a backpack on your shoulders, and in comfortable conditions sightseeing bus or your car.
Ural mountains in the Sverdlovsk region.
The beauty of these mountains is best seen in natural parks and reserves. Once in the Sverdlovsk region, you must certainly visit the "Oleniy Ruchyi". Tourists come here to see drawings on the surface of the Pisanitsa rock ancient man, visit the caves and go down to the Big Gap, being surprised by the power of the river that made its way in the Opening Stone. For visitors in the park, special trails have been laid, observation decks, cable cars and recreational facilities.
Park "Bazhovskie mesto".
There is a natural park in the Urals "Bazhovskie mesto", on the territory of which you can go hiking, horseback riding and cycling. Specially designed routes allow you to explore picturesque landscapes, visit Talkov Kamen lake and climb Markov Kamen mountain. In winter, you can travel here by snowmobiles, and in summer, go down the mountain rivers by kayak or kayak.
Rezhevsky nature reserve.
Connoisseurs of the natural beauty of semi-precious stones should definitely visit the reserve of the Ural Mountains "Rezhevskaya", which includes several unique deposits of ornamental, precious and semiprecious stones. Travel to the places of extraction is possible only if accompanied by an employee of the reserve. The Rezh River flows through its territory, formed by the confluence of the Ayat and Bolshoi Sap rivers. These rivers originate in the Ural Mountains. The famous Shaitan stone rises on the right bank of the Rezh River. Locals consider it a repository of mystical power.
Ural caves.
Fans of extreme tourism will be happy to visit the numerous caves of the Urals. The most famous of them are Kungur Ice and Shulgan-Tash (Kapova). The Kungura Ice Cave stretches for 5.7 km, although only 1.5 km of them are accessible to tourists. On its territory there are about 50 grottoes, more than 60 lakes and many stalactites and stalagmites made of ice. There is always a subzero temperature here, so you need to dress appropriately to visit it. To enhance the visual effect, special lighting is used in the cave.
In the Kapova cave, scientists have discovered rock paintings that are more than 14 thousand years old. In total, about 200 works of ancient artists were found in its open spaces. In addition, you can visit the numerous halls, grottoes and galleries located on three levels, admire the underground lakes, in one of which the inattentive visitor risks swimming at the entrance.
Some of the sights of the Ural Mountains are best visited in winter. One of these places is located in the Zyuratkul National Park. This is an ice fountain that arose thanks to geologists who once drilled a well in this place. Now a fountain of underground waters gushes out of it. In winter, it turns into a bizarre icicle, reaching a height of 14 m.
Thermal springs of the Urals.
The Urals are also rich in thermal springs, therefore, in order to undergo healing procedures, there is no need to fly abroad, it is enough to come to Tyumen. Local thermal springs are rich in trace elements useful for human health, and the water temperature in the spring ranges from +36 to +45 0 С, regardless of the season. Recreation centers have been built on these waters.
Ust-Kachka, Perm.
Not far from Perm there is a health-improving complex "Ust-Kachka", which is unique in terms of the composition of its mineral waters. V summer time here you can ride catamarans or boats. In winter, ski slopes are provided to the services of vacationers, ice rinks and slides.
Waterfalls of the Urals.
For the Ural Mountains, waterfalls are not common, and it is all the more interesting to visit such a natural miracle. One of them is the Plakun waterfall, located on the right bank of the Sylva River. Fresh water rushes down from a height of more than 7 m. Local residents and visitors consider this source holy and gave it the name Ilyinsky.
There is also a man-made waterfall near Yekaterinburg, nicknamed "Roar" for the roar of water. Its waters fall down from a height of more than 5 m. On a hot summer day, it is pleasant to stand under its jets, cooling down and getting a free hydromassage.
In the Perm Territory there is a unique place called Stone city... This name was given to him by tourists, although among local population this miracle of nature is called "Devil's Settlement". The stones in this complex are arranged in such a way that the illusion of a real city with streets, squares and avenues is created. You can walk through its labyrinths for hours, and beginners can even get lost. Each stone has its own name, given for its resemblance to some animal. Some tourists climb the tops of the rocks to see the beauty of the green surrounding the City.
Ranges and cliffs of the Ural Mountains.
Many cliffs of the Ural ridge also have their own names, for example, Bear Kamen, which resembles from afar the gray back of a bear that flashed among the green trees. Climbers use a 100-meter steep cliff for their training. Unfortunately, it is gradually deteriorating. In the rock, archaeologists have discovered a grotto in which the camp of ancient people was located.
Not far from Yekaterinburg in the Visim reserve there is a rock outcrop. An attentive eye will immediately discern in him the outlines of a person whose head is covered with a cap. He is called the Old Man Stone. If you climb to its top, you can admire the panorama of Nizhny Tagil.
Lakes of the Urals.
Among the numerous lakes of the Ural Mountains, there is one that is not inferior in glory to Baikal. This is Lake Turgoyak, fed by radon sources. The water contains almost no mineral salts. Soft water has healing properties. People from all over Russia come here to improve their health.
If you appreciate the virgin beauty of mountain landscapes untouched by civilization, come to the Urals, to the Ural Mountains: this region will surely give you a piece of its amazing atmosphere.
Basic moments
This mountain system itself, not only separating the two continents, but also being an officially delineated cordon between them, belongs to Europe: the border is usually drawn along the eastern foot of the mountains. Formed as a result of the collision of the Eurasian and African lithospheric plates, the Ural Mountains cover a vast territory. It includes the vastness of the Sverdlovsk, Orenburg and Tyumen regions, the Perm Territory, Bashkortostan and the Komi Republic, as well as the Aktobe and Kostanay regions of Kazakhstan.
In its height, not exceeding 1895 meters, the mountain system is significantly inferior to such giants as the Himalayas and the Pamirs. For example, the peaks of the polar Urals are average in level - 600-800 meters, not to mention the fact that they are also the narrowest in the width of the ridge. However, there is an undoubted plus in such geological characteristics: they remain accessible to humans. And the point here is not so much about scientific research, but about the tourist attractiveness of the places along which they run. The landscape of the Ural Mountains is truly unique. Here crystal clear mountain streams and rivers begin their run, growing into larger bodies of water. Such large rivers as the Ural, Kama, Pechora, Chusovaya and Belaya also flow here.
For tourists, there are a wide variety of opportunities for recreation: both for real extreme lovers and for beginners. And the Ural Mountains are also a true treasury of minerals. In addition to deposits of coal, natural gas and oil, mines are being developed here, where copper, nickel, chromium, titanium, gold, silver, and platinum are mined. If we recall the tales of Pavel Bazhov, the Urals area is also rich in malachite. And also - emerald, diamond, crystal, amethyst, jasper and other precious stones.
The atmosphere of the Ural Mountains, regardless of whether you visit the North or South Urals, Subpolar or Middle, is indescribable. And their greatness, beauty, harmony and clean air charge with energy and positive, inspire and, of course, leave vivid impressions for the rest of your life.
History of the Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains have been known since ancient times. In sources that have survived to this day, they are associated with the Hyperborean and Riphean mountains. So, Ptolemy pointed out that this mountain system consists of the Rimnus mountains (this is the present Middle Urals), Noros (South Urals) and the northern part - the Hyperborean mountains proper. In the first written sources of the XI century AD, due to its great length, it was called nothing but the "Earth belt".
In the first Russian chronicle "The Tale of Bygone Years", which refers to the same XI century, the mountains of the Urals were called by our compatriots Siberian, Belt or Big Stone. Under the name "Bolshoy Kamen", they were also put on the first map of the Russian state, also known as the "Bolshoi Drawing", published in the second half of the 16th century. Cartographers of those years depicted the Urals in the form of a mountain belt, from where many rivers originate.
There are many versions of the origin of the name of this mountain system. EK Hoffman, who developed the so-called Mansi version of this toponym, compares the name “Ural” with the Mansi word “ur”, which is translated as “mountain”. The second point of view, which is also very common, is the borrowing of the name from the Bashkir language. She, in the opinion of many scientists, seems to be the most convincing. After all, if you take the language, legends and traditions of this people - for example, the famous epic "Ural-Batyr" - it is easy to make sure that in them this toponym not only exists since ancient times, but is also supported from generation to generation.
Nature and climate
The natural landscape of the Ural Mountains is incredibly beautiful and multifaceted. Here you can not only look at the mountains themselves, but also go down into numerous caves, swim in the waters of local lakes, get a portion of thrills while rafting on rough rivers. Moreover, how exactly to travel, each tourist chooses for himself. Some people like independent hikes with a backpack on their shoulders, others prefer the more comfortable conditions of a sightseeing bus or the cabin of a personal car.
It differs in no less variety and animal world"Earth belt". The predominant position in the local fauna is occupied by forest animals, whose habitat is coniferous, deciduous or mixed forests. So, in coniferous forests squirrels live, the basis of the diet of which are spruce seeds, and in winter these cute animals with a fluffy tail feed on previously stored pine nuts and dried mushrooms. The marten is widespread in local forests, the existence of which is difficult to imagine without the already mentioned squirrel, for which this predator hunts.
But the real wealth of these places is a fur game, the fame of which extends far beyond the region, for example, the sable that lives in the forests of the Northern Urals. True, it differs from the dark Siberian sable in its less beautiful reddish skin. Uncontrolled hunting for a valuable fluffy animal is prohibited at the legislative level. Without this prohibition, it would probably have already been completely destroyed.
The taiga forests of the Ural Mountains are also home to wolf, bear and elk traditional for Russia. V mixed forests there is a roe deer. On the plains adjacent to the mountain ranges, the hare and the fox feel at ease. We did not make a reservation: they live precisely on flat terrain, and the forest for them is just a shelter. And, of course, the crowns of trees are well inhabited by many species of birds.
As for the climate of the Ural Mountains, then geographical position plays an important role in this regard. In the north, this mountain system extends beyond the Arctic Circle, but most of the mountains are located in the temperate climatic zone. If you move from north to south along the perimeter of the mountain system, you can see how the temperature indicators gradually increase, which is especially noticeable in the summer. If in the north, during the warm season, the thermometer shows from +10 to +12 degrees, then in the south - from 20 to 22 degrees above zero. However, in winter, the temperature difference between north and south is not so dramatic. The average monthly temperature in January in the north is 20 degrees with a minus sign, in the south it is 16-18 degrees below zero.
Air masses moving from the Atlantic Ocean also have a noticeable effect on the climate of the Urals. And although the air becomes less humid as atmospheric currents move from the west towards the Urals, it cannot be called 100% dry either. As a result, more precipitation - 600-800 millimeters per year - falls on the western slope, while on the eastern this figure varies within 400-500 mm. But the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains in winter fall under the power of a powerful Siberian anticyclone, while in the south, in the cold season, cloudy and cold weather sets in.
Such a factor as the relief of the mountain system also has a tangible effect on the fluctuations of the local climate. As you climb the mountain, you will feel the weather getting harsher. Different temperatures are felt even on different slopes, including those located in the neighborhood. Different areas of the Ural Mountains are characterized by an unequal amount of precipitation.
Sights of the Ural Mountains
One of the most famous protected areas of the Ural Mountains is the Olenyi Ruchyi park, located in the Sverdlovsk region. Curious tourists, especially those interested in ancient history, make a "pilgrimage" to the Pisanitsa rock located here, on the surface of which drawings made by ancient artists are applied. Caves and the Great Gap are of great interest. Olenyi Ruchyi has a fairly well-developed tourist infrastructure: there are special trails in the park, observation platforms, not to mention places for recreation. There are also cable cars.
If you are familiar with the work of the writer Pavel Bazhov, his famous "Malachite Box", then you will certainly be interested in visiting the natural park "Bazhovsky Places". The possibilities for good rest and relaxation are simply magnificent here. You can go for walks, as well as cycling and horseback riding. Passing along specially designed and thoughtful routes, you will take in the picturesque landscapes, you will be able to climb the Markov Kamen mountain and visit the Talkov Kamen lake. Extremists usually flock here in the summer to go kayaking and kayaking down mountain rivers. Travelers come here in winter as well, enjoying snowmobiling.
If you appreciate the natural beauty of semi-precious stones - just natural, not subject to processing - be sure to visit the Rezhevskaya reserve, which unites deposits of not only precious, but also semi-precious and ornamental stones. It is forbidden to travel to the places of extraction on your own - you must be accompanied by an employee of the reserve, but this in no way affects the impressions of what you see. The Rezhevsky river runs through the territory of Rezhevsky, it was formed as a result of the confluence of Bolshoy Sapa and Ayati - rivers originating in the Ural mountains. The Shaitan-stone, popular among travelers, is located on the right bank of the Rezhi. The Urals consider this stone to be the focus of mystical natural forces that help in various life situations. One may or may not believe in it, but the flow of tourists who come to the stone with various requests to the higher powers does not dry up.
Of course, the Ural attracts with a magnet lovers of extreme tourism, who gladly visit its caves, of which there are a huge number. The most famous are Shulgan-Tash, or Kapova, and the Kungur Ice Cave. The length of the latter is almost 6 km, of which only one and a half kilometers are accessible to tourists. On the territory of the Kungura ice cave there are 50 grottoes, over 60 lakes and countless stalactites and stalagmites. The temperature is always below freezing in the cave, so dress like a winter walk to visit the cave. The visual effect of the splendor of its interior decoration is enhanced by special lighting. But in the Kapova cave, researchers discovered rock paintings, the age of which is estimated at 14 thousand years or more. About 200 works of ancient masters of the brush have become the property of our time, although there were probably more of them. Travelers can also admire the underground lakes and visit the grottoes, galleries and numerous halls spread over three levels.
If the caves of the Ural Mountains create a winter atmosphere at any time of the year, then some sights are best visited in winter. One of them is the ice fountain, which is located in national park"Zyuratkul" and arose thanks to the efforts of geologists who drilled a well in this place. Moreover, this is not just a fountain in our usual "urban" sense, but a fountain of underground waters. With the onset of winter, it freezes and turns into a voluminous icicle of a bizarre shape, impressive also with its 14-meter height.
Many Russians, in order to improve their health, go to foreign thermal springs, for example, to the Czech Karlovy Vary or the Gellert Baths in Budapest. But why rush across the cordon, if our native Ural is also rich in thermal springs? To undergo a full course of healing procedures, it is enough to come to Tyumen. The hot springs here are rich in trace elements useful for human health, and the water temperature in them ranges from +36 to +45 degrees Celsius, depending on the season. We add that modern recreation centers have been built on these springs. Mineral waters are treated in wellness complex"Ust-Kachka", located not far from Perm and unique in the chemical composition of its waters. Summer recovery here can be combined with boating and catamarans, in winter there are ice slides, skating rinks and full-fledged ski slopes.
Despite the fact that waterfalls are not so typical for the Ural Mountains, they are there and attract the attention of tourists. Among them is the Plakun waterfall, located on the right bank of the Sylva River. It throws down fresh water from a height exceeding 7 m. Its other name is Ilyinsky, it was given by local residents and visitors who consider this source to be holy. There is also a waterfall near Yekaterinburg, named for its roaring "temper" Roar. Its peculiarity is that it is handmade. He throws his waters down from a height of more than 5 meters. When the summer heat sets in, visitors are happy to step under its jets, cooling down and getting hydromassage, and completely free of charge.
Video: South Ural
Major cities of the Urals
Millionth Yekaterinburg, administrative center The Sverdlovsk region is called the capital of the Urals. It is, unofficially, the third capital of Russia after Moscow and St. Petersburg and the third capital of Russian rock. It is a large industrial metropolis, which is especially charming in winter. He generously falls asleep with snow, under the cover of which he resembles a giant who fell asleep in a deep sleep, and you never know exactly when he will wake up. But when you get enough sleep, do not hesitate, it will definitely unfold to its fullest potential.
Yekaterinburg usually makes a strong impression on its guests - first of all, with many architectural sights. Among them are the famous Church on the Blood, erected on the site of the execution of the last Russian emperor and his family, the Sverdlovsk rock club, the building of the former District Court, museums of various subjects and even an unusual monument ... an ordinary computer keyboard. The capital of the Urals is also famous for its shortest metro in the world, entered in the Guinness Book of Records: there are only 9 km of 7 stations.
Chelyabinsk and Nizhny Tagil also gained wide popularity in Russia, and above all thanks to the popular comedy show "Our Russia". The characters of the show, beloved by the audience, of course, are fictional, but tourists are still interested in where to find Ivan Dulin, the world's first milling machine of non-traditional sexual orientation, and Vovan and Gena, unlucky and drinking-loving Russian tourists who constantly find themselves in frankly tragicomic situations. One of the business cards of Chelyabinsk are two monuments: Love, made in the form of an iron tree, and Lefty with a shod flea. The panorama of the local factories located above the Miass River is also impressive in the city. But in the Nizhny Tagil Museum of Fine Arts, you can see a painting by Raphael - the only one in our country that can be found outside the Hermitage.
Another Ural city that has gained fame thanks to television is Perm. It is here that "real boys" live, who have become heroes of the series of the same name. Perm claims to be the next cultural capital of Russia, and this idea is actively lobbied by designer Artemy Lebedev, who is working on the appearance of the city, and gallery owner Marat Gelman, who specializes in contemporary art.
Orenburg, which is called the land of endless steppes, is also a real historical treasure of the Urals and all of Russia. At one time, he survived the siege of the troops of Yemelyan Pugachev, its streets and walls remember the visits of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko and the wedding of the first cosmonaut of the Earth, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.
In Ufa, another Ural city, there is a symbolic sign "Zero kilometer". The local post office is the very point from which the distance to other points on our planet is measured. Another famous landmark of the capital of Bashkortostan is the Ufa bronze sign, which is a disc with a one and a half meter diameter and weighing a whole ton. And in this city - at least that's what they say locals- the tallest equestrian statue on the European continent is located. This is a monument to Salavat Yulaev, who is also called the Bashkir Bronze Horseman. The horse on which this associate of Emelyan Pugachev sits rises above the Belaya River.
Ski resorts of the Urals
The most important ski resorts in the Urals are concentrated in three regions of our country: Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions and also in Bashkortostan. Zavyalikha, Bannoe and Abzakovo are the most famous of them. The first is located near the town of Trekhgorny, the last two - near Magnitogorsk. According to the results of the competition, which is held within the framework of the International Congress of the Alpine Ski Industry, Abzakovo was recognized as the best ski resort in the Russian Federation in the 2005-2006 season.
A whole scattering of ski resorts is concentrated in the regions of the Middle and South Urals. Thrill-seekers and simply curious tourists who want to try themselves in such an "adrenaline" sport as alpine skiing come here almost all year round. Travelers will find good trails for skiing, tobogganing and snowboarding.
In addition to skiing, downhill skiing is very popular among travelers. Fans of such alloys, which also increase the level of adrenaline, go for thrills in Miass, Magnitogorsk, Asha or Kropchayevo. True, you won't be able to get to your destination quickly, since you will have to travel by train or by car.
The holiday season in the Urals lasts on average from October-November to April. During this period, another popular pastime was snowmobiling and quad biking. In Zavyalikh, which has become one of the most popular tourist spots, a special trampoline was even installed. Experienced athletes practice complex elements and tricks on it.
How to get there
Getting to all the major Ural cities will not be difficult, so the region of this majestic mountain system is one of the most convenient for domestic tourists. The flight from Moscow will take only three hours, and if you prefer to travel by train, then the journey along railroad will take a little more than a day.
The main Ural city, as we have already said, is Yekaterinburg, located in the Middle Urals. Due to the fact that the Ural Mountains themselves are low, it was possible to lay several transport highways leading to Siberia from Central Russia... In particular, on the territory of this region you can travel along the famous railway artery - the Transsib.
The Urals are the junction of two parts of the world - Asia and Eurasia. He divides Russia into two parts. Mountain range is a tourist attraction in itself, but it also has many old villages and unexplored paths. Of course, in this unique part of the planet there are many beautiful man-made and miraculous places.
This mountain is recognized as one of the most mysterious places in the Urals. Legends and legends were made about it, telling about the ancient treasures that the robbers hid in it. An otherworldly phenomenon - the girl-Azovka. This is the ghost of a girl in white robes. Everyone who visits this ancient place is told about him. You can often hear about candles burning at night. Russian writer Pavel Bazhov wrote about this mountain, as well as about its surroundings.
If you drive eight kilometers west of Verkhoturye, then in a very scenic location on the banks of the river. Aktay can be found in a very small village, which also bears the name "Aktay". There is a skete in the village (Aktayskaya - it is also called Oktayskaya - zaimka) male monastery In honor of St. Nicholas. In the middle of the 19th century, these lands were transferred to the monks for their economic needs. The believing peasants who lived on this land prepared hay for the cows and other livestock for the winter, and cut firewood. It was in this monastery that poor pilgrims stopped, hurrying to Verkhoturye to worship the relics of the holy righteous Simeon of Verkhoturye. The settlement was soon also ranked among the holy and empowered places.
On the bank of a very large pond of the Neiva River, in the middle of the Ural ravines and hills, the city of Alapaevsk, which is no longer young, but so wants to seem to them, is freely spread out. According to our modern standards, it should be ranked among small towns, but Alapaevsk Old city- it was one of the first to be built in the Urals. The “biography” of the city is rich in various features: here is the skill of craftsmen and needlewomen, and the traditions of the revolution, and products with the inscription “Made in Alapaevsk”.
Not far from the village of Sarana, which is located in the Krasnoufimsky district, there is an amazing natural monument- a fifty-meter rock. This place is known to many, so not only and not so many locals come to rest, but guests from Perm, Bashkiria, Chelyabinsk and Izhevsk regions. It is not known only why this stone is so famous. And since the place is loved by many, many legends and tales have been composed about it; they tell a lot, but the main character is always one person - a Bashkir named Alikai.
This cave is also called the Big Arakaevskaya cave. It is located on the territory of the Olenyi Ruchyi park zone, but tourists rarely visit this place. This unpopularity can be explained by the small distance from the main routes for tourists in "Oleniy Ruchyi".
Aramashevo is a village in the Middle Urals. It is located one hundred and forty kilometers from Yekaterinburg, near the station "Samotsvet", before reaching Aoapaevsk. There are many old and, most importantly, inhabited villages in the Urals. Aramashevo is one of these settlements. The village appeared in 1932 as a security post from the raids of nomads and a settlement for land development. Even now, in the local history museum, you can see the watchtower of this stronghold of the Ural lands. The tower towered over the Aramashevsky prison. Another rural attraction is the Church Stone (about forty-two meters), located on the rocky bank of the Rezh River. From there, a wonderful view of the river valley and the opposite rocky coast opens up.
Rocks Devil's settlement
Devil's Settlement is a large rocky area on the top of the mountain Devil's Settlement. They are located six kilometers from the village of Iset. Three hundred and forty-seven meters - this is the height at which the tops of the rocks are, the last twenty meters is a ridge of granite. These granite towers stretch from south to north. The southern side of the Settlement is flatter, and the northern one breaks off with a wall downwards, therefore, it is to the southern side that you can climb up large stone steps, but the south of the mountain is constantly crumbling, on the mountainside you can find placers of stones. Such a deplorable state of the mountain is caused by sharp fluctuations in temperature on a highly illuminated slope.
Recently, exploration of the Shaitan-stone was carried out - one of the attractions on the Rezh River. This is a large stone on the banks of the Rezh River.
The lake is located in the remote Ural wilderness, so few travelers knew about it until recently. But since the nineties of the last century, scientists-archaeologists have undertaken to study it. It was here that a new type of sanctuary was first found in Russia - a lake cult center.
Mare's head and Kyrman rocks
Rocks and cliffs are located nearby railway station with an unusual name for our ears "Ayat". Previously, oil production was carried out not far from this place. Currently, the mining enterprise is not working, and Ayat has become an ordinary dacha village. The Kyrman Rocks are located on the top of the Kyrman Mountain. The word "kyrman" is most often translated as "hill" or "mountain". Wonderful forests can be seen from the rocky mountain peak. You can climb to the top even without special equipment.
There are many old and even ancient villages in the Middle Urals. The village of Sloboda is one of them. It was founded in the middle of the seventeenth century, and in the first half of the eighteenth century, a pier was built at the mouth of the Utka River, from which iron caravans were sent. The amazingly beautiful temple dedicated to St. George the Victorious is the main rural attraction. The temple is located on a rock, next to the Chusovaya river.
The village of Chusovoye is a beautiful place. The village is located on the banks of the Chusovaya river. The village was officially considered a settlement in the first half of the eighteenth century. It was at this time that the Staroshaytsky Demidov Iron Works produced the first melting. But the sawmill workshops have been operating since 1721.
Posted Sun, 01/04/2018 - 08:37 by Cap
The sights of the Urals are numerous and varied. They say that there are more of them here than in Paris. Famous places scattered throughout the Urals from the South to the Polar.
There are two main types of attractions. These are memorable and natural places. The latter are unique in their beauty: there are many rivers, rocks, caves, steppes in the Urals. The geographical position of this region plays an important role here: it is located at the intersection of Europe and Asia. The Ural is located on the most ancient ridge, to which European flora and fauna adjoin on one side, and Asian ones on the other.
Ural memorable places closely related to ancient history the Stone Age, the history of the development of the region in the 17-18 centuries, the life of a family of monarchs in Yekaterinburg. It should be noted that the history of the Ural region is not as long as it is full of various events. Every year, this historical and natural site is visited by thousands of tourists from both Russia and other countries.
Southern Urals
Rocks / mountains: Shikhan, Alikov stone (Maryin ute), Taganay, Iremel, Yalangas, Big cliffs, Ural Fujiyama (Shikhany Torrau - Miracle of Russia), Inzersk cogs
Lakes: Tavatui, Turgoyak, Uvildy, Itkul, Arakul, Zyuratkul, Bannoe
Rivers: Ufa, Sakmara, Yuryuzan, Ai, Zilim, Nugush, Belaya
Waterfalls: Kukrauk, Atysh, Kuperlya, Shulgan, Kuliurt-Tamak
Caves: Kapova, Kurgazak, Ignatievskaya, Sikiyaz - Tamak, Pobeda (Kinderlinskaya), Muradymovskoe gorge, Laklinskaya
Sources: Holy Springs, Ice Fountain
Natural parks: Arkaim (Museum-Reserve), Shulgantash, Bashkir Reserve, South Ural Reserve Taganay, Zyuratkul, Ilmensky Reserve
Sightseeing attractions: The Porogi tract, Arkaim, Akhunovo, Paris, Kasli, Zlatoust, Karabash
Ural Middle
Rocks / mountains: Volchikha, Talkov stone, Devil's settlement, Kyrman rocks, Rocks of Peter Gronsky, White Mountain, Seven brothers, Shikhan, Shunut and Platonis Spring, Old Man stone (Veselye mountains), Azov mountain, Kachkanar, Bear stone
Lakes: Tavatui, Itkul, Sandy, Baltym, Isetskoe, Bottomless
Reservoirs: Beloyarskoe, Volchikhinskoe
Waterfalls: Plakun
Rivers: Chusovaya, Serga, Rezh, Neiva, Iset (Revun threshold and Smolinskaya cave)
Caves: Arakaevskaya cave, Bolshoy Proval, Katnikovskaya cave, Glacier (Failure of Mount Orlovoy), Cave Druzhba, Smolinskaya cave, Kungurskaya
Natural parks: Nature Park"Deer streams", Chusovaya, Basegi, Prypyshminsky pine forests
Sightseeing attractions: Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha, Verkhoturye, Ganina Yama, Nevyansk (Plant and Leaning Tower), Kunara Village, Gold Mine, Potters from the village of Byngi and Tavolga, Kourovskaya Astronomical Observatory, Osa, Usolye, Khokhlovka, Belogorye, Cherdyny, Irdbit, Kali , Tagil trays, Alapaevsk, Turinsk, Perm 36, Solikamsk, Ushkovskaya Kanava, Konovalovka tract, Sysert Porcelain, Saranpaul, Dolmens, Visim, Antler deer, Ostrich farm
Northern Ural
Glaciers: Govorukhina and Yuzhny
Waterfalls: Zhigalan waterfalls
Rocks / mountains: Konzhakovsky stone, Polyud, Kvarkush ridge, Chistop (The oldest sea pier), Dyatlov Pass, Man-Pupyg-Ner, Torre-Porre-Iz, Tel-Pos-Iz
Lakes: Svetloye, Pelymsky and Vogulsky fog, Lunthusaptur - Lake of the last Goose, Telpos
Rivers: Lozva, Vishera, Vizhay, Pelym, Sosva, Yayva, Shchugor
Natural parks: Denezhkin Kamen, Vishersky reserve, Pechoro-Ilychsky
Caves: Trenkinskaya, Devil's settlement, Velsovskaya, Divya
Subpolar Urals
Glaciers: Hoffmann, Muncie
Waterfalls: Khambol-Yu, Kobyla-Yu, Mansi-Shore
Rocks / mountains: Manaraga, Narodnaya, Sablya, Karpinsky, Reindeer Herders' Plateau, Neroyka
Lakes: Torgovoe, Goluboe, Grube-Pendity, Mansi, Patok (source of Nyamga), Long, Small and Big Balbanty
Rivers: Northern Sosva, Lyapin (Khulga), Kosyu, Pechora
Natural parks: Yugyd-va
Polar Ural
Glaciers: Romantics, Moscow State University, IGAN, Dolgushina,
Waterfalls: Hydrologists
Rocks / mountains: Rayiz massif, Konstantinov stone, Nguetenape, Harnaurdy-Keu, Hanmey, Payer
Lakes: Bolshoye Shchuchye (the largest in the Urals), Bolshoye and Maloye Khadata-Yugan-Lor
Rivers: Kara, Usa, Yelets, Shchuchya, Longotiegan, Son.
Northern border
From the border of the Perm region to the east along the northern borders of quarters 1-5 of the forestry of the state industrial farm "Denezhkin Kamen" ( Sverdlovsk region) to the northeastern corner of square 5.
Eastern border
From the northeast corner of the square. 5 to the south along the eastern borders of blocks 5, 19, 33 to the southeast corner of the square. 33, further east along the northern border of the square. 56 to its southeast corner, further south along eastern border sq. 56 to its southeastern corner, further east along the northern border of the square. 73 to its northeastern corner, further south along the eastern border of blocks 73, 88, 103 to the river B. Kosva and further along the left bank of the river. B. Kosva before its confluence with the Shegultan River, then along the left bank of the river. Shegultan to the eastern border of the square. 172 and further south along the eastern borders of blocks 172, 187 to the southeast corner of the block. 187, further east along the northern border of the square. 204 to its northeast corner.
Further south along the eastern borders of blocks 204, 220, 237, 253, 270, 286, 303, 319 to the southeast corner of the square. 319, further east along the northern border of blocks 336, 337 to the northeastern corner of apt. 337.
Further south along the eastern border of blocks 337, 349, 369, 381, 401, 414, 434, 446, 469, 491, 510 to the southeast corner of the square. 510.
Southern border
From the southwest corner of the square. 447 to the east along the southern borders of blocks 447, 470, 471, 492, 493 to the Sosva river, then along the right bank of the river. Sosva to the southeastern corner of the square. 510.
Western border
From the southwest corner of the square. 447 to the north along the border of the Perm region to the north-western corner of the square. 1 forestry of the state industrial farm "Denezhkin Kamen".
Geographical coordinates
Center: lat - 60o30 "29.71", lon - 59o29 "35.60"
North: lat - 60o47 "24.30", lon - 59o35 "0.10"
East: lat - 60о26 "51.17", lon - 59о42 "32.68"
South: lat - 60о19 "15.99", lon - 59о32 "45.14"
West: lat - 60о22 "56.30", lon - 59о12 "6.02"
Part of the Ural Mountains from the Kosvinsky Kamen massif in the south to the bank of the Shchugor River in the north is called the Northern Ural. In this place, the width of the Ural Range is 50-60 kilometers. As a result of the rise of ancient mountains and the impact of subsequent glaciations and modern frost weathering, the territory has a mid-mountainous relief, with flat tops.
The Northern Urals are very popular with tourists. Of particular interest are the rocks and remnants of the Man-Pupu-Nier, Torre-Porre-Iz, Muning-Tump massifs. The main peaks of this part of the Urals are located away from the watershed ridge: Konzhakovsky Kamen (1569 meters), Denezhkin Kamen (1492 meters), Chistop (1292), Otorten (1182), Kozhim-Iz (1195), .jpg)
The northernmost peak of the Ural mountain system is Mount Telposiz in Komi. The facility is located on the territory of the republic. Mount Telposiz in Komi is composed of quartzite sandstones, crystalline schists and conglomerates. On the slopes of Mount Telposiz in Komi, a taiga forest grows - mountain tundra. Translated from the language of the local population, oronim means “Nest of the Winds”.
The Subpolar Urals is one of the most beautiful regions of our Motherland. Its ridges stretch in a wide arc from the headwaters of the Khulga River in the north to Mount Telposiz in the south. The area of the mountainous part of the region is about 32,000 km2.
The poorly explored harsh nature, the abundance of fish in rivers and lakes, in the taiga of berries and mushrooms attracts travelers here. Good communication routes along the Northern Railway, by steamers and boats along Pechora, Usa, Ob, Northern Sosva and Lyapin, as well as a network of airlines allow the development of water, pedestrian, water, hiking and ski routes in the Subpolar Urals with the intersection of the Ural ridge or along it western and eastern slopes.
Landform characteristic Subpolar Urals- high altitude of ridges with alpine relief forms, asymmetry of its slopes, deep dissection by through transverse valleys and gorges, significant height of passes. The highest peaks are in the center of the Subpolar Urals.
The absolute height of the passes across the main watershed separating Europe from Asia, and through the ridges located to the west of it, is from 600 to 1500 m above sea level. The relative heights of the peaks near the passes are 300-1000 m. The passes on the Sablinsky and Impenetrable ranges are especially high and difficult to overcome, the slopes of which end in steep-walled kars. The most easily passable passes through the Research Ridge (from 600 to 750 m above sea level) with relatively gentle, insignificant ascents that allow for easy dragging are located in the southern part of the ridge between the upper reaches of the Puyva (right tributary of the Shchekurya) and Torgovaya (right tributary of the Shchugor), as well as between the upper reaches of the Shchekurya, Magnya (Lyapin basin) and Bolshoi Molotov (right tributary of the Shchugor).
In the area of Narodnaya Mountain and on the Narodo-Ityinsky ridge, the height of the passes is 900-1200 m, but here, too, many of them pass paths along which the portage from the upper reaches of the Khulga (Lyapin), Khaimai, Grubei, Khalmer'ya, peoples to the upper reaches of the Lemva tributaries are relatively easy , on Kozhim and Balbanyo (Usa basin).
The Subpolar Urals is one of the most beautiful regions of our Motherland. Its ridges stretch in a wide arc from the headwaters of the Khulga River in the north to Mount Telposiz in the south. The area of the mountainous part of the region is about 32,000 km2.
located 20 km south. from the village of Arkhangelskoye, to the east. slope of the ridge. Ulutau, composed of Devonian and Carboniferous limestones.
The entrance to the cave is at the height. 70m above the level of the river M. Askyn. Askinskaya Ice Cave is a large hall for. 104m, max. lat. 61m and h. 26m.
The temperature in the cave is kept below 0 ° С all year round. It contains 17 ice stalagmites 8-11 m in height with a diameter of up to 2.2 m and 20 - up to 1 m in height. In 1926, according to G.V. Vakhrushev and I.G. Petrov, there were only 8 stalagmites. The amount of ice during this period has increased by 5-6 times.
The reason for the preservation of the cold and the formation of ice in the cave is the abundance of precipitation in the area of the Askinskaya ice cave, due to the barrier nature of the ridge. Ulutau; karst rocks, which are easy to let moisture into the caves .; air streams cooled to the forge. valleys; sowing. the location of the inlet; heat-insulating cover of the entrance made of gravelly deluvium with clay filler; dense forest, contributing to the reduction of soil temperature due to increased transpiration of moisture from the soil. In the cave. bones were found decomp. w-ny, incl. antlers of an ancient deer. This testifies to the millennia-old age of the ice shell. On the rocky outcrops, there are relict districts: northern woodsia, aconite oak, stinking basil, Mattiol's cortusa, etc. 
The cave is a large grotto, the entrance of which is the glacier. For convenience, a ladder is installed at the entrance, but for safety reasons it would be nice to have 30 meters of good rope.
The most beautiful thing is in Askinskaya in winter, when bizarre ice drifts and figures form in it, in which, if you wish, you can see magical animals. In summer, the temperature in the cave decreases slightly, and the figures lose their outlines, and the glacier area is shrinking - the floor of the far part of the grotto turns into clay porridge.
GEOLOGY
The Ilmenogorsk complex is located in the southern part of the Sysertsko-Ilmenogorsk anticlinorium of the East Ural uplift, has a folded-block structure and is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks of various compositions. Of greatest interest here are numerous unique pegmatous veins, which contain topaz, aquamarine, phenakite, zircon, sapphire, tourmaline, amazonite, and various rare-metal minerals. Here, for the first time in the world, 16 minerals were discovered - ilmenite, ilmenorutil, potassium sadanagaite (potassium ferrisadanagaite), cancrinite, macarochinite, monazite- (Ce), polyakovite- (Ce), samarskite- (Y), bindite, ushkovite, fergusonite-beta ), fluoromagnesioarfvedsonite, fluoroorichterite, chiolite, chevkinite- (Ce), eshinite- (Ce).
Ilmensky reserve.jpg)
GEOGRAPHY
The relief of the western part is low-mountainous. The average heights of the ridges (Ilmensky and Ishkulsky) are 400-450 m above sea level, the maximum elevation is 747 m. The eastern foothills are formed by low elevations. More than 80% of the area is occupied by forests, about 6% - by meadows and steppes. The tops of the mountains are covered with larch-pine forests. Pine forests prevail in the south, pine-birch and birch forests in the north. On the western slopes of the Ilmen mountains there is an old pine forest massif. There are areas of larch forests, stony, grass-forb and shrub steppes, moss swamps with cranberries and wild rosemary. The flora contains more than 1200 plant species, many endemic, relict and rare species. There are ermine, polecat, Siberian weasel, wolf, lynx, flying squirrel, hares - white hare and hare, brown bear comes in. Elk and roe deer are few in number. Sika deer and beaver have been acclimatized. Of the birds, grouse are common - wood grouse, black grouse, hazel grouse, gray partridge. Whooper swan and gray crane nest in the reserve, rare birds are noted - white-tailed eagle, burial ground, peregrine falcon, osprey, saker falcon, little bustard.
Since 1930, there has been a mineralogical museum founded by A.E. Fersman, which displays more than 200 different minerals found in the Ilmensky ridge, including topaz, corundum, amazonite, etc.
In 1991, a branch was organized - the historical and landscape archaeological monument "Arkaim" with an area of 3.8 thousand hectares. Located in the steppe foothills of the eastern Urals, in the Karagan valley. More than 50 archaeological sites are preserved here: Mesolithic and Neolithic sites, burial grounds, settlements of the Bronze Age, etc. historical sites... The fortified settlement Arkaim of the 17th - 16th centuries is of particular importance. BC e.
Location:
Gremyachinsky district of the Perm region.
Monument type: Geomorphological.
Brief description: Remnants of weathering in the Lower Carboniferous quartzite sandstones.
Status: Landscape natural monument of regional significance.
A city turned to stone.
The city is located on the main peak of the Rudyansky Spoi ridge, absolute height which is equal to 526 m above sea level. It is a powerful rock mass, composed of fine-grained quartz sandstones of the Lower Carboniferous, which are part of a coal-bearing strata formed in the delta of a large river.
The massif is cut by deep, up to 8-12 m, cracks from 1 to 8 m wide both in the meridional and latitudinal directions, which creates the illusion of deep and narrow perpendicularly intersecting streets, streets and lanes of the ancient abandoned city.
Tchaikovsky Museum .jpg)
In 1837, Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky was appointed the new head of the Kamsko-Votkinsky district. Upon arrival from St. Petersburg to Votkinsk, he, together with his wife Alexandra Andreevna, settled on Lord Street in a spacious, comfortable house - the state apartment of the mountain chiefs of an iron-making plant.
A rare atmosphere of love, exceptional harmony, and mutual respect reigned in the Tchaikovsky family. They spent 11 happiest years of their lives in Votkinsk; four of their children were born here. On May 7, 1840, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, the future genius of Russian music, was born.
For over 200 years, the Tchaikovskys' house has been the main attraction of Votkinsk. The house was built in 1806 in the "classicism" style by the architect N.А. Andreevsky. From the moment the “state apartment” was built until the revolution of 1917, the families of 18 plant managers replaced each other in the house. The Tchaikovsky family lived in Votkinsk for 11 years: from 1837 to 1848. In 1840, the future composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in house number 1 on Lord Street.
In 1918-1919. the house served as a headquarters for the White Guards. It housed the office and counterintelligence. Then the city was occupied by the Red Guards, from the house on Lord's, they led the liquidation of the Izhevsk-Votkinsk uprising.
After the revolution, the house was occupied by various public organizations: the Metalworkers' Club, the Youth Union, and a seven-year school. Naturally, the building soon became abandoned.
The Ural-Guberlinskoe gorge is an amazing corner of the nature of the Orenburg region. A gorge with a turbulent river is not in the mountains, but among the flat steppe plain, on which the mounds of the ancient nomads - the Sarmatians - rise.
The Guberli River Gorge is one of the oldest on Earth, it is a variety of shales of the Proterozoic era. As a result of erosional destruction, they form picturesque rock sculptures that resemble outlandish animals or birds. In ancient times, a pine forest settled on the shale. Pine forest, which grows mainly on sandy soils - this is the southernmost pine outpost in the Urals.
In the depths of the gorge under the rocks, an amazing world of relict plants has been preserved: ferns, mosses, lichens, rare flowering plants.
The water flow of a relatively large size, as a rule, is constant and fed by the drain atmospheric precipitation from the entire catchment area by groundwater (underground feeding). Guberlya - River in the Orenburg region, right tributary of the river. Ural. Length - 110 km. The basin area is 18.6 thousand square kilometers. From the Tatars. guberdeu - "seethe, bubble".
In the Karagai region, Guberlya looks like a real mountain river. It originates 6 kilometers above the pine forest, feeding on numerous springs. There are more than 10 springs with cold water at its source. Guberlya runs merrily between the rocks, now forming small waterfalls, now pouring into picturesque stretches, now completely hiding between trees and huge stones. In some places, polished mica schists, sparkling in the sun, serve as its bed.
BASHKIRIA
We leave the Orenburg region and the next one on our way will be
- a cave in Bashkiria, one of the largest limestone caves in the Urals. It is located on the western slope of the Kibiz ridge, in the interfluve of the Belaya and Nugush rivers, at the confluence of the Sumgan and Kutuk dry lands.
Natural monument.
The length of the cave is 9 860 m, the depth is 130 m.
Forms a labyrinth with horizontal and inclined galleries, elongated in the southwest and southeast directions. The labyrinth consists of 3 tiers connected by wells. The cave has many large halls with an abundance of drip formations. The entrance well has a depth of 70 m.
The air temperature reaches 6.5 ° C. An underground river flows in the lower tier (in the southern direction, the average water discharge is 0.3 m³ / s). There is about 600 m² of perennial ice near the entrance well.
In winter, the walls of the entrance well and a number of halls are covered with frost crystals; there are ice stalactites and stalagmites.
The volume of its cave cavities is 350,000 cubic meters.
The name of the cave is translated from Bashkir as follows: "sumgan" - "dived", "kutuk" - "well".
It must be said that Kutuk-Sumgan is one of the most complex, if not the most complex cave system in the Urals. Descent into it requires good speleological preparation and good equipment.
The best time to pass Kutuk-Sumgan is autumn. At this time, there is the least amount of ice in the shaft of the mine and the danger of icefall is minimized. Less risk of ropes icing.
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SOURCE OF MATERIALS AND PHOTOS:
Team Wandering.
Natural monuments of the Urals.
Beautiful places in the Urals.
Geography of the Ural Mountains.
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Ancient Ural Mountains separating Asia and Europe. The mountains stretch from the far north to the borders with Kazakhstan, from the polar Tundra to the arid steppes. These unique places are extremely rich in natural, archaeological, historical and cultural attractions.
There is an opinion that it is the Urals that are the ancestral home of the ancient race of the Aryans. with unique knowledge. Many adventure seekers flock to these lands in the hope of getting closer to unraveling the secrets of ancient civilizations. One of the most attractive places for explorers is the mysterious ancient city.
There are many places in the Urals that are of great interest to researchers of the paranormal. One of these places is a twenty-kilometer-long stone ridge consisting of three ridges. Translated from the language of the ancient Bashkir tribes that have long inhabited these lands, "Taganai" means "a support for the moon." A huge number of legends, legends, stories about amazing events are associated with this place.
They say that on Taganai, locals and tourists have repeatedly found footprints of Bigfoot, saw ghosts and UFO landings, came into contact with the Higher Intelligence and fell into a loop in time. Who knows how true such stories are.
There is no doubt that Taganay really is anomalous zone, and this is confirmed by generally accepted facts: inexplicable failures in the work of any equipment constantly occur in these parts, ball lightning is often formed over the mountains, and absolutely healthy people are visited by strange visions.
One more incredible place- Man-Pupu-Ner plateau, nicknamed "Ural Stonehenge". According to local legend, huge stone pillars located on the plateau are petrified giants.
The height of the largest of the seven stone giants is 80 meters.
Everyone who has managed to visit this ancient sacred place feels its powerful positive energy: all worries and gloomy thoughts disappear, a feeling of lightness and causeless joy appears.
The island of Vera, which is located on Lake Turgoyak, is also considered a mystical "place of power".
Panorama of the Urals
Many religious pilgrims from all over Russia are attracted by the Ural temples and monasteries. Of particular interest not only among believers, but also among everyone who is interested in the history of the country, is the Yekaterinburg Church on Blood. This is not only a functioning temple, but also museum complex dedicated to the life of the royal family of the Romanovs - it was in these places that the life of the last emperor of Russia was cut short.
Tours are also conducted to the site final resting place of the imperial family, known as "Ganina Yama". At present, a memorial temple complex has been erected on the site of the mine where the bodies were dumped.
Traditionally, the Urals are very popular with outdoor enthusiasts. All kinds of trekking, rafting, horse riding, motorcycle and bicycle tours - this is just a small list of entertainment offered to tourists.
And in winter, traditional sledding, downhill skiing and snowboarding along the ski slopes are added.
Very popular combined tours combining active recreation with educational and educational programs. One of the most popular such routes is a hike in the footsteps of Diaghilev's expedition.
V last years new fascinating routes have appeared associated with the fall of the Chelyabinsk meteorite. Tourists are invited to make a trip to Lake Chebarkul - the place where the meteorite fell, visit the local museum of local lore, and communicate with eyewitnesses.
The Ural Mountains are real paradise for cavers. The most interesting caves in the region are: Divya, Ignatievskaya, Kungurskaya, Kapovaya caves, as well as the Sikiyaz-Tamak cave complex.
Panorama of the Urals
Inveterate extreme lovers prefer to travel through the most difficult region in terms of tourism - the Polar Urals. In the winter months, the air temperature in these places drops below -50 °. There are very few warm days in the year, mostly in July. The sun does not set over the horizon all day long this month. Complex climatic conditions offset by the fantastic beauty of nature. Inaccessible mountain peaks, glaciers and picturesque lakes, waterfalls and rocky canyons can impress even many experienced travelers.
Routes along the Usa and Shchuchya rivers are very popular with tourists. It is believed that only qualified water workers are able to pass the most difficult rapids on these mountain rivers.
Recently, gastronomic and ethnographic tourism has become fashionable. One of best places where you can get to know more about the culture and life of the Urals people, enjoy traditional dishes of local cuisine, - the museum of wooden Russian architecture in Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha.
In any case, a trip to the Urals is a wonderful opportunity to escape from everyday problems and worries, to find yourself in an unreal, fabulously beautiful world, to touch the origins of national spirituality and culture.
Photos
Ural mountains. Beauty is closer than you think.
