Russian Federation
Russia located on two continents - Europe and Asia. In the south and southeast it borders with China, in the southeast - with North Korea, in the south - with Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Georgia and Azerbaijan, in the southwest - with Ukraine, in the west - with Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Norway. Kaliningrad Oblast, an enclave of Russia on the Baltic Sea coast, has borders with Poland and Lithuania. Russia owns the islands New earth, Severnaya Zemlya, Vaygach, Franz Josef Land archipelago, New Siberian Islands, Wrangel Island in the Arctic Ocean, Kurile Islands(some of them are disputed by Japan) and Sakhalin Island in Pacific... In the east, Russia is washed by the Japanese, Okhotsk and Bering seas, in the north - the Barents, Kara, Chukotka and East Siberian seas, by the Laptev sea, in the west - Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Finland, in the south - the Black and Azov seas.
The latter forces keep the radicals within fragile limits. The opinion is expressed that in the patriotic revolution in Russia, it is the radicals who can gain the upper hand and suppress the liberal opposition, as was the case in Ukraine. Of course, naive liberals don't want to hear about it. The result could be as follows: if the winners, who take the lead of the liberals, win, they will turn cold feet and crawl towards the conservatives. Then the revenge of the Conservatives would look harmless and merciless: "We told you!" For Ukraine, this is already a mature reality, while for Russia, this is only one of the possible dramatic prospects for the distant future.
The name of the country comes from the ethnonym Rus.
Capital
Square
Population
145 470 thousand people
Administrative division
The Russian Federation includes 21 republics, 6 territories, 49 regions, federal cities Moscow and St. Petersburg, an autonomous region and 10 autonomous regions.
Form of government
A republic with a federal state structure.
Guest articles and opinion articles should not reflect the editorial point of view. It is no coincidence that the slogan “Yesterday Kiev, tomorrow Moscow” was launched at the Maidan protests. According to Zbigniew Brzezinski's proposal, in order to "free" the huge Natural resources largest country the world, it must be divided into three states: European Russia, the Siberian Republic and a third of the Far East.
To do this, they must reduce their area of influence in the former Soviet space, surround it with military bases, intimidate and humiliate it. In the midst of unrest in Ukraine, Barack Obama received the Prime Minister of Georgia in the White House to complete the country's accession to the Alliance.
Head of state
President elected for 4 years.
Supreme Legislature
Bicameral Federal Assembly (Federation Council and State Duma). \
Supreme executive body
Government.
Big cities
St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Yekaterinburg, Samara, Omsk, Kazan, Perm, Ufa, Rostov-on-Don, Volgograd.
The two most important countries that were missing were Ukraine and Georgia. If all goes well, the Pentagon will integrate it into its military structure with a "direct order." To put pressure on Russia, Washington needs Ukraine, as well as a way to contain Iran is to dominate Syria.
What he is looking for is to deprive Russia of a strategic ally and to be able to install its missiles there. And Ukraine may have an opportunity. He attacks Russia in its "strategic depth", key to the country's national security, with the aim of making it the Achilles heel of Putin's team. In addition, after failures in recent military interventions, Americans have died to strike at the Russians.
Official language
Religion
Among the religious confessions, the most numerous is Orthodox, the inhabitants of Russia also profess Islam, Catholicism, Judaism, Buddhism.
Ethnic composition
81% are Russians, 3.8% are Tatars, 3% are Ukrainians, 1.2% are Chuvash, 0.9% are Bashkirs. More than 100 nationalities live in Russia.
Currency
Ruble = 100 kopecks.
The demonization of Russia is part of the dangerous war propaganda they are preparing. The forces on the left are always its first victims. In Kiev, after a fire at the headquarters of the Communist Party, neo-Nazis set out to destroy the house of party leader Pyotr Symonenko.
Many of these children are the children of the thousands of Nazis who changed their jackets to continue to sow hatred towards the “other”. According to journalist Israel Sakhmir, there are young people in Slavic society who look like members of terrorist groups of Salafis and suicide bombers; young people whose drive for action and sacrifice cannot be satisfied in ordinary society. Ideal baits for fascist groups around the world.
Climate
Most of the country is located within the temperate climatic zone... Extreme regions of the north and northern islands belong to the arctic belt, some southern regions are close to the subtropics. Almost throughout the country, the climate is continental, which is especially evident in Western Siberia(this region is characterized by significant amplitudes of seasonal temperatures and little precipitation). For western regions and the Black Sea coast are characterized by milder, seaside conditions. Peculiar monsoon climate the southern regions of the Far East, which are under the influence of the Pacific Ocean, also differ.
After a week of silence, Russian leaders, stunned to see McCain being photographed in Kiev with hooded armed men, stretched out: Russia cannot lose Ukraine, at least control Crimea, which is the only way out. Black Sea... And do not intend to annex it to your territory: Stay with thousands of Tatar Muslims? No thanks! He is concerned about the actions of the Union of Young Tatars and the Azatlyk movement, which are associated with the Muslim brotherhood of Turkey. Dozens of militants returned from Jihad to Syria, accompanied by Chechen veterans.
Flora
Vegetable and animal world vary greatly depending on the latitude of the area and its climate. Most of the country's territory is occupied by forests - about 65%, and all types of coniferous and broad-leaved trees are represented in them: pine, spruce, fir, cedar, birch, aspen, hornbeam, beech, oak, ash and many others.
Fauna
On the territory of the country there are about 150 thousand species of animals. Of these, 300 species of mammals, 300 species of freshwater fish and 250 species of marine fish, which are of commercial importance. The following representatives of the fauna are characteristic of the arctic and tundra zones: polar bear, reindeer, arctic fox, lemming. Among the marine animals in this area there are killer whales, beluga whales, walrus, and seals. Birds - seagulls, guillemots, eiders, white geese. Among the inhabitants of the taiga zone, one can name the brown bear, elk, lynx, sable, squirrel. In the Far East, there are tigers and sika deer. In the zone of mixed and deciduous forests, bison, brown bear, wild boar, wolf, fox, mole, hedgehog are widespread, from birds: stork, crane, capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, tit, woodpecker, nightingale, swallow, sparrow. For the steppe zone, such animals are not uncommon: European hare, hamster, ground squirrel; birds - bustard, eagle. Saiga and jerboa live in the semi-desert.
Last December, Beijing signed an agreement with a strategic partner Kiev to invest $ 000 million in the country and will provide a loan of $ 1 million in exchange for renting three million hectares of fertile Ukrainian land over the next 50 years. Along the way, he studied Yushchenko's request to join the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
Supreme executive body
Obama's recent meeting with the Tibetan Dalai Lama and the terrorist attack that killed some 150 people killed and wounded in China, possibly by a Muslim Uyghur separatist group, are signs of using ethnic and religious issues to pressure Beijing.
Rivers and lakes
There are about 120 thousand rivers in Russia (over 10 km long). The largest of them are: - Lena, Irtysh, Yenisei, Ob, Volga, Amur. The largest lakes are the Caspian Sea, Baikal, Ladoga, Onega. There are almost 2 million fresh and salt lakes in the Russian Federation.
sights
There are a huge number of sights in Russia. In St. Petersburg - Winter
palace (Hermitage), St. Isaac's Cathedral, Peter and Paul Fortress with the tombs of Russian emperors, a complex of palaces and fountains in Petrodvorets, palaces in Gatchina and Pushkino. There are more than 120 museums in the city. The Kremlin and Red Square, the Tretyakov Gallery, a number of the largest museums (74 in total), including the oldest of them - the Armory, are famous in Moscow. In Novgorod - the Kremlin, the Church of the Savior-on-Ilyin with frescoes by Theophanes the Greek; in Pskov - a museum-reserve of the XII-XVII centuries, fortresses and churches, in Kazan - the Kremlin of the XVI-XVII centuries, in Suzdal - churches of the XIII-XIX centuries. and many others. A significant number of architectural and historical and cultural monuments of Russia are included in the list World heritage UNESCO.
The containing Asian superpower's offensive is similar to the mountain climbers' obsession with climbing Everest: a suicidal task engendered by a complex of wanting to be first. Ethnic-religious and socio-economic problems were buried under the rubble of the struggle between the national and world capitalist elites for the country's resources.
And it seems that the worst for the Ukrainian people is yet to come. For the Kremlin, the ideal weapon is the belt of fragile and poor countries, among which the Putin empire appears to be flourishing. Russia is the last remnant of European feudal and colonial empires... Today, this archaic territorial unification can only be preserved with the help of a strong authoritarian regime, but it threatens its close and distant neighbors. A liberal and cost-effective system can only exist after the collapse of Moscow centralism and the fragmentation of Russia into small national unions.
Useful information for tourists
Moscow is a huge city. In order to get acquainted with all her wealth, you need to spend a whole life. Therefore, tourists are offered bus sightseeing tours... During one such excursion, driving through the central streets and squares of the capital and making short stops to inspect the sights, you can see the monumental structures on Poklonnaya Gora, visit the Kuskovo estate and the Ostankino palace - the possession of the Sheremetyevs, stand on observation deck Vorobyovy Gory, from which a magnificent panorama of Moscow opens. On the left you can see the golden domes of the Novodevichy Convent shimmering in the sun, on the right the Moskva River winds like a narrow ribbon, in front you can see the world famous sports complex Luzhniki.
We recommend taking at least one warm item on the road (you can leave it on the bus), comfortable shoes for many excursions and an umbrella, as the weather can be changeable.
For those who have a desire to visit water parks (pools, saunas), you must have a bathing suit. It is a good idea to bring sunglasses and a hat to protect you from the sun on your seaside tours.
Smile more often and say “hello”, “thank you”, “please” - this will immediately endear the interlocutor to you.
Why the Russian Federation should be treated like. And not as a modern nation-state? The empire rules over other independent units - nations or colonies. The empire needs a powerful centralism of power, capable of coping with centrifugal tendencies in regions and peoples. The weakening of the central authority of an empire, as a rule, leads to its fragmentation, to the loss of peoples and territories in which they live. The empire's central authority within the empire is more authoritarian than liberal.
The liberal mechanisms quickly weakened the grip of centralism and the empire would begin to crumble. Authoritarian power relies on specific people, delegates some of its powers, and they, in turn, rule practically selfish ones, and institutions support this power. The empire is the political peak of the era of the feudal agrarian economy, and the nation state is a reflection of the urban industrial economy. Modern nationalism is an urban phenomenon, the concentration of people is necessary, because only when people gather in large communities can they feel national solidarity and demand self-sufficiency.
And also with partially recognized states - and. Most of the country's territory lies in Asia geographically, although the bulk of the population is concentrated in the European part of Russia.
general information
The state of the Russian Federation is located in the northern part of Asia and the eastern part of Europe on an area of more than 17 million square meters. km, the population is 143 million people. Official language- Russian. The currency is the Russian ruble (RUB). 100 RUB = $ RUB: USD: 100: 2. Currency exchange is carried out in exchange offices and banks in Russia. Time zones of Russia due to the large length of the country from UTC + 2 to UTC + 12, there is no transition to summer / winter time. Moscow is in the UTC + 3 time zone. Mains voltage 220 V at a frequency of 50 Hz, C, F. Telephone code countries +7. Emergency telephones Russia: 112 - single emergency number, 01 - fire department, 02 - police, 03 - ambulance health care, 04 - gas service. Internet domain.ru.
This is why empires weaken after the end of the agrarian era and can no longer effectively compete with small industrialized nation states. The age of great empires ends at the beginning, maximum in the middle of the 20th century. The second World War led to the collapse of colonial empires such as Great Britain and France, as well as the colonial players of Italy, Spain and Portugal. And only one European empire - royal Russia - is surrounded by this process thanks to the Bolshevik revolution, which creates such a strong repressive centralism that it surpasses the royal regime.
A brief excursion into history
Russian history can be traced back to the Middle Ages, and the formation of Kievan Rus and the inheritance of Christianity from Constantinople. However, Russia was not considered part of Europe until the reign of Peter the Great. In 1721 he established the Russian Empire, moved the capital from medieval Moscow to St. Petersburg, which became known as the "window to Europe", adopted the manners and style of the royal courts Western Europe... The Russian Empire reached its peak in the 18th and early 19th centuries, thanks in part to such figures as Catherine the Great, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky. But by the end of the 19th century, the state was overtaken by political crises, which closed the vicious circle of uprisings, repression and death. After the First World War, Russia found itself unable to contain the Russian revolution of 1917. The Bolsheviks came to power, led by Lenin, after whose death the dictator of the USSR Stalin came to power. The Second World War claimed about 20 million lives of Russian soldiers. During the reign of General Secretary Gorbachev, socialism finally collapsed and the "iron curtain" rose for perestroika. Since 2000, under the rule of Putin, the economy has been recovering from the crisis, and today modern Russia came out on more high level life but common problem corruption remains.
The Bolshevik regime destroys the national and liberal forces that undermine the European empires and, with the help of a brutal dictatorship, preserve the royal empire to this day. If then the relatively liberal government of Petrograd made a peak on the Bolsheviks, it would not be able to cope with centrifugal forces in the Far East, in Central Asia, in the Caucasus - as soon as the European empires fail. Stalin directly industrializes the country, and at first this process is centralized. Stalin achieved temporary economic growth, which he used to strengthen the military might of the USSR because his empire survived an attack from the outside.
Climate
Most of the territory of Russia is located in the zone temperate climate, which is characterized by a distinct division of the year into warm and cold seasons. On Black Sea coast The Caucasus is dominated by a subtropical climate, and the northern regions of the country and the islands of the Arctic Ocean are located in the Arctic and Subarctic belts... The coldest region in Russia is Siberia, average temperature in winter it fluctuates between -52 ..- 62 degrees. The temperature regime in summer is very different by region: hot weather in southern regions, and in the north only the snow is melting. The best time of the year to visit the Russian Black Sea resorts is the period from May to October. Many tourists prefer to relax in September in " the Velvet season”, When a lot of fruits and vegetables ripen, the sea is still warm, but there is no sweltering heat, and there are no crowds of tourists like in summer. Skiers go to winter resorts in winter from December to March. And excursion routes are in demand all year round.
Nationalism, which accompanies urbanization and industrialization and poses a mortal threat to multinational empires, Stalin replaced with international Marxism, serving as an ideological platform to eradicate every opposition and threat within the country. Russia, renamed the USSR, retains all the attributes of an empire and, above all, the centralized power of Moscow, controlling vast and heterogeneous parts of the periphery. Integrity Russian Empire depends on the central government of Moscow, and any weakening of the empire strengthens the centrifugal tendencies of the periphery.
Relief
More than 70% of the country's territory is plains and lowlands, mountains are concentrated in the southern and eastern parts country. In the south - the ridges of the Greater Caucasus, where Elbrus is highest point- 5642 m. In the southern part of Siberia - Altai, Stanovoe Upland, Western and Eastern Sayan. Most high volcano Eurasia is located in Kamchatka - Klyuchevaya Sopka (4750 m). Russia has some of the largest reserves of fresh water. The largest freshwater lake is Baikal.
In the 1990s, Russia lost its satellite security buffer zone and the outer belt of its territories: the Baltic countries, Belarus, Ukraine, the Caucasus and Central Asia. The coming to power of the authoritarian Vladimir Putin was normal and necessary to preserve the integrity of the remnants of the empire. Without his leadership, the Russian Federation will continue to collapse.
The case against Khodorkovsky proves the need for economic centralization of the empire. The question is not how Russian oligarch won his fortune and whether he paid his taxes. The main thing in this case is the fact that he is a Siberian tycoon who is trying to get out of Moscow's influence by building a pipeline to China. Meanwhile, state-owned Transneft plans to build a pipeline to the port of Navod to supply oil to China, North Korea and Japan. The Khodorkovsky project will bring a lot of money and power.
How to get there
Russia is well connected by air with cities in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America... The largest international airports located in and. Russia is a huge country, of course, it saves for long-distance travel air transport, although air traffic in the country is not very well developed between regions. To get from one city to another, you will most likely have to do it through the capital. An alternative is Railway but given the size of the country, travel time can take several days if traveling long distances. For short trips, you can use the bus.
It is clear that the huge regions of Central Siberia also have their own economic interests, which are in conflict with Moscow. And it is understandable why the state controls every oil and gas pipeline, as well as railway infrastructure through a single monopoly. All of Russia's economic, political and military power depends on the export of minerals. This is why pipelines play a huge role for Russia and control Moscow over them and guarantee the preservation of the empire. If Moscow ceases to control them, it will soon be stripped of its power, and then the Russian Federation will fall into three types of regions.
Transport
As public transport buses and route taxis... In Moscow, St. Petersburg, as well as some other cities, there is a metro. Taxi in Moscow is famous high prices, although in the regions the prices for this service are quite acceptable, lower than in Europe.
Regions
Cities and resorts
Choose from the list Abinsk Abrau-Dyurso Adler Alupka Alushta Anapa Belokurikha Vityazevo Vladivostok Vladimir Volgograd Voronezh Vyborg Gaspra Gelendzhik Gorno-Altaysk Ski resorts Volga region Ski resorts of Moscow region Ski resorts of the North-West Ski resorts of Siberia Ski resorts of the Urals Goryachy Klyuch Gurzuf Dzhemete Divnomorskoe Dombay Evpatoria Yekaterinburg Essentuki Zheleznovodsk Irkutsk Caucasian Mineral water Kazan Kaliningrad Kem Kerch Kisegach Kislovodsk Koktebel Kolomna Kostroma Krasnaya Polyana Krasnodar Krasnoyarsk Resorts in the Taman District Lazarevskoe Livadia Loo Mishor Moscow ★ Nizhny Novgorod Novorossiysk Novosibirsk New World Lake Baikal Lake Elton Omsk Iturup Island Partenit Pereslavl-Zalessky Perm Moscow region Elbrus region Pskov Pyatigorsk Rostov-on-Don Saki Samara St. Petersburg Saratov Sevastopol Seliger Sergiev Posad Simferopol Solovetsky Islands Sochi Sudak Suzdal Tuapse Ufa Feodosia Fiolent Foros Khabarovsk Khosta Chelyabinsk Black Sea Yalta Yangan-Tau Yaroslavl
The first group includes regions with large deposits mineral. These regions will be heavily enriched in mining and exports, but the resources will be sold at prices determined by criteria different from the current Kremlin principles. The second group is strategically positioned and Moscow will benefit from transit fees from the supply of these minerals. The transit permit will be used as a pressure tool to negotiate prices for these resources. The third group does not have these advantages and will have to buy fossil fuels at market prices.
Information
Choose from the list Altai shores Altai reserve Weekend in Sochi Geothermal springs of Crimea Ski resorts of Russia Ancient cities of Crimea Winter holidays in Karelia gold ring Russia How to choose a hotel in St. Petersburg How to deceive tourists in Crimea Kedrovaya Pad Horse routes along mountain Altai Cruise on the Volga Lakes Leningrad region The main attractions of Crimea Rest on the Volga Beaches of Anapa Beaches of Sevastopol Popular souvenirs from Crimea Variety eastern Crimea Republic Kazantip Fairy world Kamchatka Sochi is a city of dreams! Three myths about Sochi
Holidays in Russia are practical and profitable, there will be no language barrier for tourists from Russia from the CIS countries. There are a huge number of unusual places, in which it will be pleasant for tourists to be, the country offers ample opportunities for various types of recreation: excursion, beach, wellness, active, ski vacation... While vacationing in Russia, you can enjoy the vast expanses of landscapes, plunge into the centuries-old history of the country, its traditions and customs. In Russia you will be greeted by hospitable and cordial people.
A beach vacation in Russia is a vacation on the coasts Azov and Black Seas: warm springs, curative mud, healing climate heal and bring pleasure to all vacationers. The main sea resorts in Russia are:, and. In these cities there is a huge number of sanatoriums, boarding houses, hospitals. V last years old hotels are being actively repaired and new hotels with modern infrastructure are being built. You can also relax on the sea in Russia in the Leningrad region on the shore Gulf of Finland and in the Kaliningrad region on the shores of the Baltic Sea.
The peninsula, recently annexed to Russia, will be an excellent place for beach, sightseeing and medical recreation. There are numerous waterfalls here, the most famous of which are Jur-Jur and Silver Jets, and karst caves – Mamontova, Marble, Skelskaya and Red, besides them, there are many more unequipped caves. The most ancient monuments of the history and culture of Crimea include stone boxes-sarcophagi of the Taurus, the indigenous inhabitants of the region, as well as dolmens located high in the mountains, their largest concentration is observed on the surface mountains cat at a short distance from Yalta, menhirs also attract attention, the most interesting of which is the menhir in Alimovaya Balka. On the territory there are also many monuments of antiquity, the ruins of the city-states of the Northern Black Sea region, the best among them is preserved Chersonesos. Cave cities Chufut-Kale, Mangup, Eski-Kermen, Tepe-Kermen, Bakla, royal palaces in Livadia and Massandra, Vorontsov Palace in Alupka, the castle, which now houses a cozy restaurant - it is difficult to list all the sights of the Crimea, you need to see them with your own eyes.
The largest concentration of attractions is concentrated in the territory of a small size Crimean peninsula... Sandy beaches are located only in. The beaches of the resorts are covered with small pebbles. For everyone beach resorts Crimea, there are various attractions, waterslides, and vacationers are invited to ride a catamaran, water skiing, "Banana" or water scooter, visit to the water park or dolphinarium. In Evpatoria, the dolphinarium is also used to treat children with developmental delay or suffering from mental illness, communication with dolphins just works wonders. Diving centers are located only in Crimea, most of them are in the vicinity of Yalta, and best places for scuba diving are also located in close proximity to the coastal strip of the Crimean peninsula.
There are opportunities in Russia for sightseeing tours, for example, the famous city route:,. Many historical monuments Russia are objects of world heritage - these are monuments, Vladimir-Suzdal lands.
Worthy of special attention of tourists, of course, the capital of Russia, as well as cultural capital-. Of course, everyone who comes to Russia will be pleased to visit numerous museums, historical sites and monuments, circuses, theaters, zoos, as well as dolphinariums in St. Petersburg and Moscow, as well as other cities of Russia.
Places worth visiting in - this is undoubtedly the old and the new, the famous theaters of Moscow - the Bolshoi Theater, Maly Theater, Moscow Art Theater, Theater. Stanislavsky, Ostankino Tower, be sure to see the bridges of Moscow, fountains, museums and other famous sights, which are a lot in Moscow., Theaters, bridges and canals, as well as Vyborg - one of the oldest and scenic spots St. Petersburg.
One of the most popular types of recreation in Russia is Cruises on rivers, seas and lakes, in particular on and - clean air and invigorating mood for a long time are provided to you. Lovers active rest in Russia, they can plunge into the world of adventure and horseback riding in the tundra, taiga, mountains and forests. Horse rides associated with the visit historical sites pass through many nature reserves, for example routes,. Rest is possible in Ural mountains, popular species tourism is mountain climbing as well as mountain hiking.
Russia offers a wide range of leisure activities. There is a huge number of places where you will be pleased to relax and enjoy the nature of the immense, beautiful and distinctive country whose name is Russia. Welcome to Russia, dear tourists!
Accommodation
V large cities There are quality hotels in Russia, but their prices are very high. The seaside resorts have good hotels European level, but still most were built in Soviet times. Many locals at the resorts they rent housing, which is used by Russians who want to save money. Also a good alternative is mini-hotels, the cost of which is quite low, and the rooms are quite decent.
