- formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, the composition of the Southern Federal District was changed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia D. A. Medvedev No. 82 "On Amendments to the List of Federal Districts, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2008 No. 724 "Issues of the system and structure of federal executive bodies".
From the moment of its formation on May 13, 2000, the district bore the name "North Caucasian", by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1149 dated June 21, 2000 - it was renamed into "Yuzhny".
Yuzhny federal district located in the southern part of the European part of Russia, in the lower reaches of the Volga River. The center of the Southern Federal District is the city of Rostov-on-Don.
Southern Federal District (SFD), consisting of 13 subjects of the Federation, has a number of striking distinctive features. The regions of the Southern Federal District are included in the North Caucasian and Volga economic regions. It is located between three seas - Black, Azov and Caspian, has favorable natural and climatic conditions. His natural areas- steppe (plain), foothill and mountainous, picturesque relief contribute to the development of resort and recreational business, large agro-industrial and industrial complexes. The Southern Federal District has a multinational composition. The district is located in the southern part of the country and occupies the smallest area among the federal districts of Russia.
The climate of the Southern Federal District is diverse. Great influence on temperature regime renders Black Sea, especially in the areas adjacent to it. Most of the territory of the Southern Federal District is occupied by the steppe zone located from its northern borders. The climate of dry steppe and more humid foothill zones is favorable for the population and agriculture due to the long growing season, which lasts here for 170-190 days. In the steppe and foothill zones, chernozem and chestnut soils prevail, which, despite the susceptibility to wind and water erosion, have preserved an exceptional potential of fertility.
Natural resource potential predetermined the basic macroeconomic functions universal for all subjects of the Southern Federal District: production and processing of agricultural products.
The Southern Federal District ranks first in Russia in the extraction of mineral waters, the second - in the extraction of tungsten raw materials, the third - in the extraction of cement raw materials, and raw materials for building materials and underground drinking water.
In the bowels of the district there are many different minerals. Fuel and energy resources are represented by oil, natural gas, coal... There are significant resources of non-ferrous and rare metal ores. Within the okrug there are unique deposits of tungsten-molybdenum ores.
The Southern Federal District is one of the poorest regions of the Russian Federation with forest resources. But all the beech forests of Russia are concentrated here, as well as a significant part of such valuable tree species as oak, hornbeam, ash.
The specifics of natural and historical conditions determine the prevailing distinctive features farms of the Southern Federal District. In it, the branches of market specialization are in industry - fuel (coal, gas), non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, food industry and petrochemistry, in agriculture - growing grain, sugar beet, sunflower, vegetable growing, meat and dairy cattle breeding, sheep breeding. The Okrug possesses a unique resort and recreational complex. Metallurgical complex The Southern Federal District includes enterprises of both ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. In terms of coal production (Donbass), the district is in third place after the Siberian and Far Eastern regions. But the main prospects economic development the region is associated precisely with the extraction and production of "black gold".
The economic situation in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included in the Southern Federal District is generally worse than the average Russian level. The main industrial potential of the Southern Federal District is concentrated in the Rostov and Volgograd regions and in the Krasnodar Territory.
The electric power industry of the region is represented by three types of power plants - thermal, hydraulic and nuclear.
Among the branches of the non-production sphere, the resort economy is of all-Russian importance in the Southern Federal District.
Administrative-territorial composition of the Southern Federal District: republics of Adygea, Kalmykia. Krasnodar region... Astrakhan, Volgograd, Rostov regions. Administrative center- Rostov-on-Don.
Administrative-territorial composition of the North Caucasian Federal District: republics: Karachay-Cherkess, Kabardino-Balkarian, North Ossetia - Mania, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Chechen. Stavropol region.
Territory- 589.2 thousand km 2
Population- 22.9 million people
Administrative center- Pyatigorsk.
The North Caucasian Federal District (NCFD) is a new district of the Russian Federation, created on January 19, 2010 by a special Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 82 dated January 19, 2010 "On Amending the List of Federal Districts, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 12, 2008 No. 724 "Questions of the system and structure of federal executive bodies".
In fact, the North Caucasus was separated from the Southern Federal District. The creation of the North Caucasian Federal District should contribute to accelerated development southern territories Russia and the solution of economic and ethnopolitical problems.
It should be noted that when it was formed by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 of May 13, 2000, the district was named North Caucasian, but already on June 21 of the same year, by Decree No. 1149, it was renamed into South. The reasons for the renaming were geographic reasons: Volgograd and Astrakhan regions and Kalmykia do not belong to the North Caucasus. The Rostov region is conditional.
At present, the Southern Federal District includes the constituent entities of the Federation belonging to the North Caucasian economic region, as well as the territory of the Lower Volga region (Republic of Kalmykia. Astrakhan and Volgograd regions), which, according to the current zoning grid, belongs to the Volga economic region.
The territory of the North Caucasian Federal District is included in the North Caucasian economic region.
Let's characterize the features of placement and development productive forces these districts in certain territories: the North Caucasian economic region and the Lower Volga region.
Southern Federal District
Southern Federal District (Centre - Rostov-on-Don) occupies the south of the East European Plain, the Ciscaucasia and the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, accounting for approximately 3.5% of the country's territory. The landscapes of the territory are diverse - semi-desert and steppe plains, mountain ranges, stormy mountain (Terek) and calm plain (Don, Kuban) rivers, subtropical oases, snow-capped peaks of the Caucasus Mountains.
The Southern Federal District is one of the most densely populated in Russia. It concentrates 15% of the country's population. The district is one of the most multicultural. More than 40 peoples live here, mainly belonging to the Slavic, Nakh-Dagestan and Turkic groups. The clash of dissimilar cultures belonging to different civilizations, the administrative-territorial division of the republics, deportation(forcible resettlement) of many North Caucasian peoples, military actions in the region for two centuries - all this, of course, influenced the severity of interethnic conflicts in the region.
By natural features the territory of the district can be divided into four parts: plain steppe, foothill, mountain and lower Volga.
Plain steppe territory stretches from the Don River to the valleys of the Kuban and Terek rivers. This is the main agricultural region, the main granary of Russia. On this territory, there are practically no natural landscapes preserved. Natural and anthropogenic agricultural landscapes, in which natural vegetation is largely replaced by crops.
The land plowing up of steppe landscapes reaches 90%. Mainly grain and industrial crops are grown here.
Due to the fact that the afforestation of agricultural land is a little more than 3% instead of 5-6% according to the accepted norms, the agricultural landscapes of the steppe zone of the district have become very unstable, that is, they are subject to active erosion (destruction) of soils, silting of small rivers, and pollution of water bodies.
Agroindustrial complex Southern District occupies a leading role in the country's economy, determines the specialization of mechanical engineering - the production of agricultural machinery (Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog, Millerovo, Krasnodar), technological equipment for the agro-industrial complex (Krasnodar, Stavropol), as well as the chemical industry - the production of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and pesticides (Nevinnomyssk, Belorechensk).
Food industry also developed everywhere and specializes in the processing of various agricultural raw materials, vegetables and fruits, the production of meat, butter, flour, cereals (Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don, Stavropol, Novocherkassk, etc.).
Shipbuilding development in the Okrug is connected with the implementation of the program "Revival of the Russian Fleet", which provides for the construction of ships of the "river-sea" type, tankers, dry cargo ships (Astrakhan, Volgograd).
Fuel and energy complex specializes in oil (Dagestan, Grozny, Stavropol, Krasnodar fields), gas (Kubano-Priazovskoye, Stavropol fields, as well as fields in the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions) and coal industry(the eastern ring of Donbass in the Rostov region) (see the map of the atlas).
Oil refineries are located in Krasnodar, Maikop, Tuapse.
Transport engineering(Novocherkassk) specializes in the production of electric locomotives.
Despite the construction of powerful thermal power plants and the presence of hydroelectric power plants, the region is experiencing a constant shortage of electricity.
Recreational complex North Caucasus uses unique natural conditions and edge resources.
On the Black sea coast located famous resorts: Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Sochi. Subtropical climate, abundance of sun, sea bathing, mud and hydrotherapy, brought here from all over the globe vegetation attracts many tourists and vacationers.
Region of the Caucasian [ Mineralnye Vody unites the balneological resorts of Essentuki, Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk and is famous for such attractions as the "Castle of Treachery and Love", "Temple of Air", " Blue Lakes"," Dombay "," Blue stones ", M. Yu. Lermontov State Museum-Reserve.
Environmental problems of the lower Volga. Volga is the most long river in Europe. Its length from the source to the Caspian Sea is 3530 km.
The modern Volga is actually a chain of huge reservoirs, turning one into another. It is regulated by cascades of eight hydroelectric power plants. Only from Volgograd to the Caspian Sea did the Volga keep its natural course.
The construction of a hydroelectric power station and the creation of reservoirs made it difficult for the natural processes of self-purification of water in the river. In it you can find petroleum products, lead salts, sulfur compounds. The way out of this situation - limiting industrial effluents, installing filters, building treatment facilities - have not yet yielded the desired results. This problem is especially acute in the lower reaches of the Volga.
Environmental situation in the Volga delta assessed by experts as catastrophic. In its lower reaches, harmful substances accumulate from the entire drainage basin of the river. 8-9 km 3 of untreated industrial and domestic wastewater is discharged into the Volga every year, which is almost equivalent to the volume of the Tsimlyansk reservoir.
Of all the hydroelectric power plants, only Volgograd and Saratov have devices for passing fish. However, they are weak and require reconstruction. Cascades of hydroelectric power plants reduce the flow of water, which leads to the death of fish. V last years control over enterprises dumping harmful substances into the river has been tightened. However, until now in the Volga water the content of heavy metals, oil products, pesticides, detergents exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). This is especially alarming because the waters of the lower Volga are rich in fish (sturgeon, perch, herring, smelt, carp, pike).
Caspian Sea- the most large lake in the world (368 thousand km 2). It received its modern name in honor of the ancient tribes of the Caspians (horse breeders) who lived in the 1st century. BC e. on its coast. The lowest level of the Caspian Sea (-29 m) was recorded by scientists in 1997. Since 1998, the water level began to rise, now it has reached a mark of -27 m.
Many scientists are engaged in the problem of fluctuations in the water level in the Caspian Sea. According to a number of experts, the main reason is climatic, and it is associated with a decrease in the activity of the Sun and, as a consequence, a decrease in the evaporation of water from the surface of the lake. The average salinity of water in the lake is 11 ‰, that is, each liter of water contains 11 g of salt (in the Azov Sea - 10-12 g, in the Black Sea - from 17 to 22 g).
The flora of the lake is represented by more than 700 species of algae, including green and blue-green algae. The wealth of the Caspian Sea is sturgeon and salmon fish species.
To restore stocks of especially valuable sturgeon fish in the lower reaches of the Volga, eight sturgeon fish hatcheries have been built, where sturgeon juveniles are raised from eggs (Aleksandrovsky, Volgogradsky, Lebyazhy).
North Caucasian economic region
District composition(ten subjects of the federation) - republics: Adygea, Karachay-Cherkess, Kabardino-Balkarian, North Ossetia - Alania, Ingushetia, Chechen, Dagestan; Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories; Rostov region.
The region stands out among others by the presence of the maximum number of republics in its composition (seven republics).
Conditions for a developed economy. The main wealth of the region is its agro-climatic potential. There are optimal combinations of climatic and soil conditions for the cultivation of most cultivated plants. temperate zone, as well as for the development of almost all branches of animal husbandry.
The region provides itself with coal from the deposits of the eastern wing of the Donbass. There are reserves of good quality oil, gas, non-ferrous metal ores (lead, zinc, tungsten and molybdenum, copper, mercury). There are also significant resources of non-metallic raw materials (barite, rock salt, gypsum, marls, dolomites).
Combination climate resources with mountainous terrain, warm sea creates conditions for the development of resorts and different types tourism.
Population... This is the only region of the country where the population tends to stabilize. In many republics of the region, a rather high natural growth, and the territories of the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, the Rostov Region are the main regions for receiving migrants not only from the national republics of the region, but from the entire post-Soviet space. The average population density is relatively high - 50 people / km 2.
The ethnic composition is very variegated, for example, it is believed that more than 130 ethnic groups live in Dagestan. The representatives of the North Caucasian language family(Adygs, Circassians, Kabardians, Ingush, Chechens, Avars, Laks, Dargins, Lezgins, etc.). Representatives of the Turkic group of the Altai language family (Karachais, Balkars, Nogais, Kumyks) also live in the republics. Ossetians belong to the Iranian group of the Indo-European language family. Russians are predominant in the region as a whole (62%), but their share in the national republics decreases from the west (Adygea - 68%) to the east (Dagestan - 9%). Among Slavic peoples the percentage of Ukrainians is high.
The urban population is approaching 10 million people, or more than 55% of the total (the lowest in the Russian Federation). Largest cities: Rostov-on-Don (1 million people), Krasnodar (640 thousand people). Rural settlements are numerous. Very large stanitsas (more than 25-30 thousand people) are characteristic of the flat territories.
The North Caucasian region as a whole is provided with labor resources.
Household. The role of the North Caucasian region in economic complex countries define agro-industrial complex and a recreational complex.
Agro-industrial complex. The region occupies a leading position in the country as largest manufacturer rice, sunflower, corn, grapes, tea, fruits and berries, wool. It stands out for the production of grain crops (Krasnodar Territory gives more than 10% of Russian grain) and sugar beet (2nd place in the country), vegetables (4th place), milk (5th place), meat (4th place) ... Almost all agricultural products are processed locally. In some cases, the capacity of enterprises Food Industry so large that they allow using not only local raw materials (for example, the sugar industry processes imported raw sugar).
Industry. In Soviet times, the district was one of the largest in the country in terms of agricultural engineering(Rostov, Taganrog, Krasnodar), but economic crisis sharply reduced the performance of this industry. Other areas of mechanical engineering include the production of electric locomotives (Novocherkassk), nuclear reactors (Volgodonsk), and steam boilers (Taganrog). A small number of equipment for the food and chemical industries is produced.
Now the leading positions are held by chemistry(fertilizers - Nevinnomyssk, Belorechensk, organic chemistry - Kamensk-Shakhtinsky, Budennovsk, Volgodonsk).
The power industry is mainly represented by large thermal power plants. In connection with the commissioning of the Rostov NPP in 2001, the importance of nuclear energy has sharply increased.
Transport. The transit position of the region determines the development of almost all types of transport. The region is home to Russia's largest oil port - Novorossiysk. Highways and railways pass through the region, connecting the country with the south of Ukraine, Georgia, via a ferry with Turkey.
The main problems and development prospects. Analysis of modern economic situation Russia shows a clearly pronounced trend towards a decrease in production volumes in most sectors of the economy. In the North Caucasus, this tendency, common for all regions, is exacerbated by the complex political situation and armed conflicts. The cessation of hostilities on the territory of the region, the establishment of peace and stability in the region is the main task of the further economic and social development of the North Caucasian economic region.
The development prospects include the most effective use of favorable natural and climatic factors of the region's balneological resources for the development of resort areas and their transformation into resorts of world importance, zones of domestic and foreign tourism.
Lower Volga region
This is the northern part of the Southern Federal District, covering the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia, Astrakhan and Volgograd regions. The region has access to the Caspian Sea. The main industries of specialization are oil production and refining, gas industry... In addition, the Volga region is the main area for catching valuable sturgeon fish, one of the most important areas for growing grain crops, sunflowers, mustard, vegetables and melons, a major supplier of wool, meat, fish.
. The natural resource potential is diverse. A significant area is occupied by the Volga valley, which turns into the Caspian lowland in the south. A special place is occupied by the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, composed of river sediments, favorable for agriculture.
The creation of a large-scale industry in the Volga basin that pollutes its waters, the intensive development of river transport, agriculture, which uses large amounts of mineral fertilizers, a significant part of which is washed away into the Volga, the construction of hydroelectric power plants has a negative impact on the river and creates an ecological disaster zone in this area. The region's water resources are significant, but unevenly distributed. In this regard, there is a shortage of water resources in the interior regions, especially in Kalmykia. The region has oil and gas resources in the Volgograd region - Zhirnovskoe, Korobkovskoe, the largest gas condensate field is located in the Astrakhan region, on the basis of which a gas industrial complex is being formed.
In the Caspian lowland in the lakes Baskunchak and Elton there are resources of table salt; these lakes are also rich in bromine, iodine, magnesium salts.
Population. The population of the Volga region is variegated national composition... A significant share in the structure of the population in the Republic of Kalmykia is occupied by Kalmyks - 45.4%. In the Astrakhan and Volgograd regions, with a predominance of the Russian population, Kazakhs, Tatars, and Ukrainians live. The population of the Volga region is characterized by its high concentration in regional centers and the capital of the republic. The population of Volgograd exceeds one million inhabitants. The lowest population density is in Kalmykia; here is the smallest proportion of the urban population.
The economy of the district. The region produces oil and gas. The largest is the Astrakhan gas condensate field, where natural gas is produced and processed.
Refineries and petrochemical plants are located in the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions. The largest enterprise is the Volgograd Oil Refinery. Significant development prospects petrochemical industry has the Astrakhan region on the basis of the use of hydrocarbon fractions of the Astrakhan field.
The power industry of the region is represented by the Volgograd hydroelectric power plant and thermal power plants.
The region has a developed machine-building complex: shipbuilding centers - Astrakhan, Volgograd; agricultural engineering is represented by a large tractor plant in Volgograd; chemical and petroleum engineering is developed in the Astrakhan region.
In Volgograd, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy is developed, the largest enterprises are JSC Volzhsky Pipe Plant, an aluminum plant. The vast resources of the salt lakes have led to the development of the salt industry, which provides 25% of the country's need for food-grade salt and other valuable chemicals.
The fishing industry is developed in the Lower Volga region, the main enterprise of the industry is the fisheries concern "Kaspryba", which includes an caviar-balych association, a number of large fish processing plants, a naval base, a fishing fleet ("Kasprybkholod-fleet"), conducting expeditionary fishing in the Caspian Sea. The concern also includes a fish hatchery for the production of juvenile sturgeon fish and a net knitting factory. In agricultural production, the branches of specialization are the cultivation of vegetables, melons and gourds, sunflower; in animal husbandry - sheep breeding.
Transport and economic communications. The Volga region exports crude oil and oil products, gas, tractors, fish, grain, vegetables and melons, etc. Imports timber, mineral fertilizers, machinery and equipment, products light industry... The Volga region has a developed transport network that provides high-capacity freight traffic.
River, rail and pipeline transport is well developed in the region.
Intra-districtdifferences. The lower Volga region includes the Astrakhan, Volgograd regions and Kalmykia. The lower Volga region is a subdistrict of developed industry - mechanical engineering, chemical, food. At the same time, it is the most important agricultural region with a developed grain economy, beef and sheep breeding, as well as the production of rice, vegetables, melons and gourds and fisheries.
The main centers of the Lower Volga region are Volgograd (mechanical engineering is developed, chemical industry), Astrakhan (shipbuilding, fishing industry, container production, various food industries), Elista (building materials industry, mechanical engineering and metalworking).
The most industrialized is Volgograd region, where in the diversified complex the greatest specific weight belongs to mechanical engineering, ferrous metallurgy, chemical and petrochemical, food and light industries.
Main problems and development prospects. The degradation of natural forage lands, especially in Kalmykia with its system of distant pasture cattle breeding, is one of the main environmental problems in the region. Environmental damage was caused by industrial emissions and transport of water and fish resources in the region. The solution to the problem is possible on the basis of the implementation of the target federal program "Caspian", the main task of which is to clean up the Volga-Caspian water basin and increase the number of valuable fish species.
One of the main tasks is to equalize the levels of socio-economic development of the most backward regions of the Volga region and, first of all, Kalmykia, which has been provided with a number of tax benefits and financing. The development prospects of this republic are associated with the expansion of oil and gas production, in particular, on the shelf of the Caspian Sea. The Caspian Oil Company (KOC) has been established, which will be engaged in exploration and development oil fields on a number of promising areas of the sea shelf.
The Southern Federal District is one of the constituent parts of the Russian Federation, if I may say so. It is interesting that for some time (to be more precise, from 05/13/2000 to 06/21/2000) it was called the North Caucasian FD. But, as you can see, this did not last long - just over a month. Then, however, on January 19, 2010, the North Caucasian Federal District was separated from the Southern Federal District. But this is a slightly different topic.
general information
The Southern Federal District is the smallest in all of Russia. Its area is 447 821 sq. M. - this is only 2.61% of Less is only the notorious North Caucasian Federal District (170 439 km ²). For comparison, the Siberian Federal District has an area of 5,145,000 km². Although it includes only 12 subjects. But the Krasnoyarsk Territory alone occupies 2,366,797 km².
So, the Southern Federal District includes 8 constituent entities. And its population is 16 367 949 people, according to the latest statistics. This is about 11.17%. The average density is low - 36.5 people per square kilometer. The center of the Federal District, by the way, is the city of Rostov-on-Don.
Compound
Which cities includes the Southern Federal District, it is necessary to note special attention. The composition of the Southern Federal District is small. As mentioned above, there are only 8 subjects.
The smallest in area is the hero city of Sevastopol. A total of 864 km². It is home to about 420,000 people. This city is good for many, but the most important thing is that it is in it that the main naval base Of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy.
The Republic of Adygea, which seems to be inside Krasnodar Territory, has an area of 7 800 km². The peculiarity of this region is its forest resources. They occupy more than 1/3 of the entire republic. And also a lot of minerals are concentrated here.
Crimea is not distinguished by its large size - about 27,000 km². But the Astrakhan region is more than two times larger than it. Its area is 49,024 km². The Astrakhan region is rich in deserts used as pastures. serves as a spawning ground for beluga, stellate sturgeon and sturgeon.
The next largest republic is Elista. Interestingly, in this region official language is not only Russian. But also Kalmyk (at the legislative level).
And the largest three regions are Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region and Volgograd.
Economy
The Southern Federal District annually attracts tens of thousands of tourists. Because it includes the Krasnodar Territory and Crimea. And these are regions rich in resorts. Gelendzhik, Anapa, Sevastopol, Yalta - for the economy of these cities (and, accordingly, for the entire district), the most profitable time is the end of spring, summer and the beginning of autumn. This is the specificity of the climate, it is at this time that there is no end to visitors in the resort areas of the Southern Federal District.
But, in addition to the tourism industry, the agro-industrial and transport complexes, as well as trade, are still well developed. True, this is not in the whole district. Transport complexes of interregional and international importance, for example, are concentrated in the Astrakhan region and the notorious Krasnodar Territory.
Production percentages
But this is not all the industries that the Southern Federal District can boast of. The cities of this federal district are good objects for the development of light industry. It really is here, and it is oriented towards the supply of products to other federal districts of Russia. It is on the territory of this district that 1/10 of all knitwear in our country and about 28% of footwear are produced.
But that's not all. Also, the Southern Federal District, the map of which is provided above, is the region of the country in which about 21% of the total Russian volume of steel pipes, 13% of metal-cutting machines, about 19% of tractors, 7% of cars and 9% of excavators are produced.
In addition, about 18% of cement, 10% of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and 15% of building bricks are produced in the Southern Federal District.
Addition
If you look at the Southern Federal District (the map is provided above), you can see that it also includes the Republic of Crimea and the hero city of Sevastopol. Back in March 2014, these subjects returned to The Russian Federation... But their territorial status was approved quite recently - in the middle of the summer of this 2016.
After the inclusion of Crimea in the Southern Federal District, the district increased by 27,000 km². The population also increased - about 2,300,000 people. By the way, it is precisely because of the situation that occurred in November 2015, related to the blowing up of power line supports in Kherson, that the Southern Federal District is called an energy-deficient region. Since this incident has completely deprived the entire Crimea (a considerable part of the district) of electricity. But, as you know, if everything is bad in one place, and good in another, the indicators are still summed up. That is why the Southern Federal District is now considered to be in short supply.
Agro-industrial complex
The center of the Southern Federal District, like all its other regions, boasts favorable natural and climatic conditions. In other federal districts, they are different, and not so conducive to the development of the agricultural industry. And this is the main significance of the South for our entire vast country. It is the Southern Federal District, the composition of which is not very large, that provides Russia. It is here that almost 1/6 of the sown area of the entire country is concentrated. And they grow more than a quarter (!) Of the total Russian volume of grain crops, 50% - sunflower seeds, and about 1/5 of vegetables.
On average, 1/7 of all agricultural products are produced in the Southern Federal District. And this is a lot. This also includes 33% sugar, 46% vegetable oil, about 11% dairy products and eggs, about 12.5% meat products. In general, it is possible to list for a long time, but the fact that the Southern Federal District is very important for Russia is unambiguous and undeniable.
