Titova Lyudmila Nikolaevna, teacher of geography and biology of the 1st qualification category.
author
Classes ==.
Biology 8, 11, grades
Geography 8,10,11 grades
Kim
Final test on geography for the year
Option Ⅰ
Where is the earth's crust thickest? On West Siberian Plain; In the Himalayas; At the bottom of the ocean; In the Amazonian lowland. Seismic belts of the Earth are formed: At the boundaries of the collision of lithospheric plates; At the boundaries of collisions and ruptures of lithospheric plates; In the area with the highest speed of movement of lithospheric plates. What data does the climate map contain? Air temperature and precipitation data; Data on atmospheric pressure and winds; All answers are correct. What is the name of the line connecting points with the same temperatures on the map? Isotherm; Isobar; Isochronous; Isohypsum. What primarily influences the formation of various belts of atmospheric pressure at the earth's surface? Relief; Uneven distribution of solar heat depending on latitude; Uneven heating of the ocean and land; Rotation of the Earth. Which of the following processes is not a manifestation of internal forces? The process of absorption of solar energy by the Earth; The process of movement of lithospheric plates; The process of introducing the mantle into the earth's crust; Shaking process crust... The activated parts of the earth's crust include: Platforms; Areas of new folding (young mountains); Areas of ancient folding (old mountains). If the relief of the territory is flat, then mainly there are: Folded area; Platform. Define the type of climate according to the description: Atmosphere pressure... As a consequence high position Suns over the horizon are here all year high temperatures air. Due to the prevalence of upward currents in this climate, a large amount of precipitation falls throughout the year. On which continents is this type of climate represented?
The African leopard is the largest leopard subspecies. Its body is long, its skull is broad, and its legs are rather short. The coat, somewhat identical to that of the jaguar, has darker rosettes, smaller and more numerous, and therefore more dense. The color, shape and size of the rosettes vary depending on the subspecies. Fur will also be paler in desert populations, grayer for colder regions, and orange-yellow for people in tropical regions. The lower body coat is generally lighter.
It is the largest and most common of the leopard subspecies, it can weigh up to 90kg for big bucks, for a body size of 1.90m, to which a good meter of tail needs to be added. Females are generally 40% less. They are found mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and the western Kalahari Desert in Namibia, Tanzania, Kenya, where they are relatively common. This species is nearly extinct in North Africa, where it was once seen in the High Atlas Mountains. Its habitat ranges from savanna to forest, not to mention the mountainous or desert regions of the Kalahari Desert in Namibia and the swamps of the Okavango Delta in Botswana.
What determines the salinity of ocean waters? Give at least two reasons.
Answer:________________________________________________________
The area of Africa is a) 30.3 thousand km2
b) 30.3 million km2
c) 303 million km2
Extreme north point mainland is Cape a) Ras Khafun
b) Ras-Engela
c) Almadi
Most of Africa is located between a) the equator and the northern tropic b) the equator and the southern tropic c) the northern and southern tropics Crossed South Africa from west to east, explored the Zambezi River a) Vasco da Gama
Size differences are significant for different regions so in Southern province Cape in South Africa, the average weight of an animal does not exceed 30 kilograms, and in national park Kruger, still in South Africa, with an average weight of 60 kilograms. However, the lack of information and data on the leopard does not confirm that the largest specimens are South African, the largest leopards are in Algeria, northern Congo, southern Sudan, coastal forests West Africa, central Gabon and the Kenyan rift forest region, namely Aberdares and Mount Kenya.
b) David Livingston
c) N.I. Vavilov
The Atlas Mountains are located a) on an ancient platform b) in an area of new folding
c) in the area of ancient folding
The relief of Africa is dominated by a) lowlands
b) hills and plateaus
The highest peak in Africa a) Kenya
b) Toubkal
c) Kilimanjaro city
The highest temperature on Earth (+ 58 ° C) was recorded in a) Tripoli
These assumptions are based on measurements of the skull. In northeastern Congo, 7 males were measured and their skulls averaged 261 mm and two samples were 279 mm and 282 mm, respectively. More impressively, 3 specimens from the coast of Gabon averaged 274 mm with the largest at 282 mm, this information can be toned down by the fact that the specimen is small, but the measurements are impressive as they compare images of the jaguar Pantanal, which averages 2 mm in skull size and 282 mm in mato grosso.
Knowing that the Pantanal jaguar weighs an average of 100 kilograms, one cannot help but believe that leopards with the same measurements can also reach an impressive weight of about 90 kilograms. By comparison, the most famous leopards, South Africans and East Africans, have a skull that measures 230 mm on average, 260 mm for the largest.
in Algeria
The formation of the Namib coastal desert is associated with a) mountainous relief on the coast b) with the influence of Antarctica
c) with a cold Benguela current
The most long river Africa a) Congo
The longest freshwater lake in the world a) Victoria
c) Tanganyika
Natural zone occupying 40% of the mainland area a) equatorial forests
According to the Rowland Chamber, leopards in mountainous areas East Africa measures an average of 260 mm on a skull with a sample of 286 mm, which is higher than the average size of the largest subspecies of the jaguar. The behavior of the African leopard. It is a prominent climber who often observes alone on large branches during the day. He can lower his head. In savannah conditions, it is an animal that hunts at dusk or dawn. But his behavior is likely to change depending on environment... He leads a solitary life from mating.
On the African continent, the leopard must cohabit with other predators such as the lion, lycaons and hyena. This period begins at the end of the Tertiary era about 7 million years ago. This is the beginning of the Hominids and the branches that will lead to Human: Tumai, Orrorin are currently contenders for the title of oldest known ancestor. These early hominids still live partly in trees, but bipedalism is already being used as a means of transportation. Omnipotent, they feed on fruits, leaves, plants, small animals, and probably practice charring.
b) savannah
c) deserts
Most changed economic activities human a) desert
b) equatorial forests
c) savannah
The largest country in Africa by area a) Algeria
b) Egypt
Pygmies, Nilots, Tutsis belong to the race a) Caucasian b) equatorial c) intermediate 26. Set the correspondence Natural zone Plants and animals 1. Equatorial forests a) grasses, baobabs, giraffes, elephants 2. Savanna b) palms, ficuses, lianas, gorillas, okapis, 3. Deserts c) thorny bushes, lizards, snakes, scorpions 27. Set the correspondence Climate zone Climate features 1. Equatorial a) change of TBM and UVM, hot dry summers and wet winters 2. Tropical b) warm and humid throughout the year 3. Subtropical c) hot, dry, dominance of TBM
No instruments from this period have been found. They were then the contemporaries of the first Men. Feature site: Afar Deposits. The first prehistory tools seem to be ineffective. Prehistoric man "only" separated one or two chips on a pebble found in the gorges of Olduvai, Tanzania, Leakey. There are no human remains in the Oldway industry. Feature site: Omo deposits. Read more about Oldoweyen. All these people, of course, are two-legged. This branch is characterized by more elongated biphages, the tip of which is thin and the base is convex.
It is for this reason that most of the lithium mining industries are attributed. This culture is characterized by work on retouched stone chips. Scrapers and spikes are the most common tools, but the bits are still present. The Levallois method is the most difficult technique.
28. Give definitions
Climate is ... _________________________________________________________
The reserve is ... _____________________________________________________
29. Determine the extent of Africa from west to east along the equator.
Answer:__________________________________
Option ⅠⅠ
Where is the earth's crust thinnest? In the Cordilleras; In the Himalayas; At the bottom of the ocean; In the Amazonian lowland. Surface currents of the World Ocean depend on: Topography of the ocean floor; Constant winds of the Earth; Ebb and flow; Land relief. On which maps can you find the dependence of the relief on the features of the earth's crust? Physical map the world and the map "Structures of the Earth's crust"; Map "Structures of the Earth's crust" and a map of natural zones; Geological map and map of natural areas. Direction of the winds to climate map show: Isotherms; Isolines; Arrows; Isohypses. Why is Africa the hottest continent? Most of Africa is located between the tropics; Here are located largest deserts the world; Africa is washed by the warmest ocean of the Earth - Indian. Which of the following processes is not a manifestation external forces? The process of absorption of solar energy by the Earth; Wind erosion; The process of movement of lithospheric plates; The process of the formation of ravines. Resilient areas of the earth's crust include: Platforms; Areas of new folding (young mountains); Areas of ancient folding (old mountains). If the relief of the territory is mountainous, then mainly there are: Folded region; Platform. Determine the type of climate according to the description: temperature in January -10 ..- 15 ℃, temperature in July +20 .. + 25 ℃. Precipitation occurs throughout the year, but with a summer maximum. Annual precipitation is 250-300mm. On which continents is this type of climate represented?
Arabs, Egyptians, Libyans belong to the race
This allows a given tool shape to be obtained from a block of rough flint, so the worker must preview the desired shape before working on the stone with a series of numerous small hits. Hunting Thanks to more and more sophisticated tools, people of this period attack more and more animals.
It was in the same area that the pierced shells were found, which should have been installed in the form of a collar. Kafze and Skul are the burials of the ancient Cro-Magnons of Palestine living near the Mousterian. Find out more about Mousterian. Developed from the Mousterian, from which it partially retained its flow rate, Chatelleperrone is characterized by curved-back blades. Today it is considered the work of the last Neanderthals.
80% of all modern active volcanoes... How can this be explained? Give at least two reasons.
Answer:_____________________________________________________________
In terms of territory, Africa is inferior to a) Eurasia
b) North America
In South America
Extreme east point mainland is Cape a) Ras Engela
The relief of Africa is dominated by
The Chatelperrons seem to be the first manufacturers of pierced teeth suspensions. For several thousand years, the last Neanderthals were contemporaries of the early Cro-Magnons, but there is no evidence that they intermingled. It is unknown why the Neanderthals disappeared.
Furniture decoration and art developed with the first figurines, especially in Germany. Notable objects: Abri Patau, La Ferrassi. Learn more about Aurignac. The lithium industry is characterized by the manufacture of narrow and elongated blades. The flint is cut in the form of spikes fixed to the shaft. There are also numerous small format items. There are, of course, several reasons for this disappearance.
b) Ras Khafun
c) Needle
13. Unlike other continents, Africa is crossed by a) the southern polar circle b) the prime meridian
c) almost in the middle of the equator
14. Circled South Africa, opened the sea route to India a) Vasco da Gama
b) David Livingston
c) V.V. Juncker
15. At the base of most of the continent lies a) an area of ancient folding b) an area of new folding
Art explodes. Figurative reproductions are multiplied using all techniques and props. At that time, numerous female figurines of ivory or stone were carved, as well as movable elements. Typical objects: Rock Solutre, Loggia Upper, Rock Sersa, Devil's Cave, Cow Cave, Koske Cave. Like the peoples of the Upper Paleolithic, the Magdalene are semi-nomadic, exploit their environment during the seasons, and their camps can be used by several people. The art of the Magdalene is very rich.
Largest country by population
After the most original period of Lascaux, Villars and Gabillo, the depictions of animals on the walls of the caves are more and more naturalistic and animated. There is a lot of furniture art: all kinds of supports are used and engraved very accurately. A portrait of Jabiru Africa, recognizable by its red beak, blackened with black, and a yellow karaunka saddle on the upper mandible.
c) ancient platform
16. Raised to a height of more than 1000 m a) North and South Africa b) South and East Africa
c) North and West Africa
17. Most high mountains are a) Cape
b) Draconic
18. In most of Africa, the average annual air temperature a) from 10 to 20 ° С
b) below 10 ° С
c) above 20 ° С
The maximum amount of precipitation falls a) on the Ethiopian Highlands b) on the southwestern slopes of Mount Cameroon
Description of African Jabiru
Jabiru, which is one of the largest marabuda species, has longer legs, beak and neck than its cousins. The head, neck and head, except for flight feathers, are black, the upper part of the legs is black, and the rest are from the knees, reddish-orange in color, but this is a wonderful beak. It is reddish and up to half its length from a point, then striped with a black stripe at the quarter of the waist, while the back, which extends to the ends of the red, is supported.A wide, flattened scarlet, bright yellow and saddle-shaped, covers the base of the upper.
c) in the Congo basin
The deepest river in Africa a) Zambezi
The largest lake in area a) Victoria
c) Tanganyika
Natural zone occupying 30% of the mainland area a) equatorial forests
b) savannah
c) deserts
The worst natural disaster in Africa a) droughts
b) floods
c) earthquakes
African Jabiru behavior
In the male, two smaller caraculae adorn the base of the lower jaw. This is the only sexual dimorphism with eyes that distinguishes male from female. It is found in almost all marshes on the continent, with the exception of North Africa... Jabiru Africa is a sedentary person, whose territory is very large, usually one or a couple lives, but is already observed in groups of a dozen individuals. ascension currents. In flight, its head and neck hang below the ventral part, giving it a rather unusual appearance, which makes it easy to recognize.
The most large country by population a) Egypt
b) Nigeria
Arabs, Egyptians, Libyans belong to the race a) Caucasian b) equatorial
c) intermediate
Set the correspondence Natural zone Plants, animals 1. Equatorial forests a) aloe, euphorbia, jackals, hyenas 2. Savannah b) palms, ebony, okapi, chimpanzees 3. Deserts c) grasses, umbrella acacias, zebras, hippos Set the correspondence Climate zone Climate features 1. Equatorial a) 2 seasons: dry winter and wet summer, change of computers and TVM 2. Subequatorial b) constancy, high tº, high humidity 3. Tropical c) hot, dry, large daily amplitude tº Give definitions Relief is ... _____________________________________________________ Desert is ... ______________________________________________________ Determine the extent of Africa from north to south by 20º East
Play African Jabiru
He is usually silent, but he occasionally flaps his beak like other storks. A pair of nests besides other African jabiruses. It usually sits on top of an isolated or even overhanging cliff and forms a wide platform on which the female lays two to three eggs, which are hatched alternately by two birds over a period of a little over 4 weeks. The chicks are fed by both parents, who leave the nest at about 3 months old, with a relatively high mortality rate, and one chick survives despite careful training.
Answer:_______________________________________________________
ANSWERS
Option Ⅰ
9- Equatorial, South America, Africa, Eurasia.
10- Evaporation, precipitation, river confluence.
26-1b; 2a; 3c.
27-1b; 2c; 3a.
28- Climate is a long-term weather regime typical for a given area.
A reserve is an area where natural complexes are preserved in their natural state.
29-43 degrees-9 degrees = 34 degrees.
34grad. x 111.3 km = 3784.2 km
Option ⅠⅠ
9- Moderate continental, S. America, South America, Eurasia.
10- Location of plate boundaries, difference in thickness of oceanic and continental plates, heavy traffic.
26-1b; 2c; 3a.
27-1b; 2a; 3c.
28- Relief a set of irregularities earth surface, differing in size, origin and age.
Desert - natural area where there is very little rainfall, vegetation is very rare or absent.
29-32 degrees + 35 degrees = 67 degrees
67grad. x 111.3 km = 7457.1 km
Africa is the hottest continent the globe... It is located mainly in tropical and equatorial latitudes, and therefore receives a significant amount solar radiation(in the northern part, the total radiation exceeds 836 kJ / cm2 per year, in the rest of the territory - on average, more than 669 kJ / cm2). This is the reason for the predominance in Africa of high positive temperatures... On the mainland [...]
Almost all of Africa is part of the ancient continent of Gondwana, formed in the Precambrian (Archean, Proterozoic). The modern foundation - the foundation of the African continent - is African platform... It is composed mainly of hard crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks. In the zones of subsidence (troughs), the platform is covered by a cover of sedimentary deposits, which occupy 2/3 of the mainland. In the zones of uplifts, on shields and anticlips, the foundation [...]
Phoenicians, ancient Greeks and Romans knew well even BC. northern coast of Africa. Not all of us reliably know about the discoveries and campaigns of the ancient Egyptians. It is believed that already in the III millennium BC. they penetrated into Nubia and Ethiopia, ascended the Nile to the equator. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus wrote about what the Phoenician seafarers made by [...]
The ancient Greeks and Romans originally called this part of the world Libya - after the Libu people who lived in the middle part of the Mediterranean coast of Africa. This word has been preserved in the name of the modern state of Libya. BC. south of Carthage, the Berber tribe of Afrigia (or Afridi) lived. According to him, the Romans, having conquered Carthage in the II century. BC, named the Roman province formed there Afrika [...]
Africa is the second largest continent on Earth. Together with the islands belonging to it, it covers an area of 30,284 thousand km2, the area of the mainland without islands is 29,200 thousand km2. The mainland has a special geographical position: the equator crosses it almost in the middle, i.e. Africa is located almost symmetrically in the northern and southern hemispheres. Most of the mainland is located in [...]
With the uniformity of the geological structure and relief in Africa, homogeneous landscapes are preserved over large areas, the change of which occurs gradually, depending on climate change. The African continent, more than any other continent of the globe, is characterized by the manifestation of latitudinal landscape zoning, since it is relatively little disturbed by the relief. Change of zones in the direction from north to south with particular correctness [...]
Africa is the only continent of the world that, stretching on both sides of the equator, is located approximately at the same distance in the northern and southern hemisphere... This peculiarity of the situation creates conditions in Africa for the education of the same climatic conditions at the same latitudes in both hemispheres. Almost all climatic zones repeated in Africa twice. At […]
In geological structure, Africa is characterized by unity geological structure and the relative uniformity of the relief. Africa is a rather elevated continent, in average height (750m) it is second only to Antarctica and Eurasia. This is due to the fact that in the Cenozoic the entire continent experienced uplift, especially active along the edges; 70% of the continent's area falls on high stepped plains, plateaus and plateaus; 20% - by [...]
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In the 12th century. BC NS. Phoenician settlements arose on the territory of Algeria, in the 3rd century AD. NS. - the state of Numidia. In the 1st century. BC BC-5th century AD under the rule of Rome. In the 7th century. conquered by the Arabs. In the first half of the 16th century. passed under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. In 1711 - 1830 Algeria was ruled by local rulers (dei) [...]
Algeria occupies central part mountainous area Atlas and 1/4 of the Sahara Desert. Territory of the country - 2381.7 thousand km2 The climate of Northern Algeria is subtropical. average temperature January 5 - 12C, July 25C. Annual precipitation is 400 - 1200 mm. The central and southern parts of the country are occupied by the Sahara Desert, where average daily temperature fluctuations reach 30 C. The climate of the Sahara is tropical, [...]
During the era of the French conquest, the population of Algeria was approx. 3 million people. In 1966 it has already reached 11.823 million people, and in 1997 - 29.476 million people. In 1996, the birth rate was 28.5 per 1000 people, and the death rate was 5.9 per 1000 people. Infant mortality (children under one year old) is 48.7 per 1000 newborns. V […]
Running north along the coast mountain range Tell Atlas is cut through by a few bays and plains. The lowlands around the cities of Algiers and Oran are densely populated. Small bays are used for fishing, export iron ore and oil. Tell Atlas rises above sea level by more than 1830 m and includes the Tlemcen, Big and Small Kabilia and Mejerda massifs. On medium [...]
