Mountains on the physical map of the world with names. The most extensive plains in the world. The largest plains in the world: where are they located

Bottom relief world ocean

The following parts are distinguished in the bottom relief:

Shelf(continental shelf) - the underwater edge of the mainland, adjacent to the coast of the land. Shelf width up to 1500 km, depth from 50 - 100 to 200 m (2000 m South Kuril basin Sea of ​​Okhotsk), makes up 8% of the area of ​​the world ocean. The shelf is the most productive part of the world's oceans, where there are fishing areas (90% of seafood) and the largest deposits of minerals.

In the United States of America, the Rocky Mountains are adjacent to the Cascades Range, which consists of active volcanoes and the Sierra Nevada. Among these last mountains, the famous, 86 m below sea level, the largest depression opens.Finally, in the east, we find the ancient Appalachian chain, which in practice comes from Canada and Canada to the state of the United States, a series of forests and forests, ideal for those who wants to spend their vacation trekking at all. In Mexican territory, we find the Sierra Madre mountain dorsal, dotted with famous and imposing volcanoes.

Continental slope lies below the shelf boundary at a depth of up to 2000 m (sometimes up to 3600 m), accounting for 12% of the world's oceans. This part of the bottom is characterized by seismicity.

Bed of the world ocean is located at a depth of 2500 to 6000 m, occupies up to 80% of the area of ​​the world ocean. The productivity of this part of the ocean is low. The bed has a difficult relief. Examples of these forms are:

Trip to North America associated with a wide variety of landscapes in mountainous areas but alternates with monotonous plains where the horizon never changes even after a few hours of driving. In addition, the shores vary greatly, with thousands of miles of ocean shores that are characterized by quite cold and unsuitable for swimming, but sometimes ideal for surfing and swimming in the southeastern United States, with magnificent beaches in Florida and Mexico, where we find one of the most important coral reef in the world, from the Yucatan Peninsula.

a) mid-oceanic ridges (Mid-Atlantic ridge, Central Indian with Arabian-Indian, Gakkel ridge), which arose as a result of the movement of lithospheric plates. The tops of the mid-oceanic ridges that come out to the surface form islands (Iceland, St. Helena, Easter);

b) deep-water trenches - narrow depressions with steep slopes (Table 6).

The ocean floor is covered with marine sediments, which cover 75% of the ocean floor and their thickness reaches 200 m.

Table 6

Deep sea trenches of the world's oceans

Processes influencing the formation crust.

The processes contributing to the formation of the relief are divided into:

external (exogenous) forces of attraction of the Moon and the Sun, the activity of flowing waters (fluvial processes), wind (aeolian processes), glacier activity (glacial processes), expressed in action. External processes can manifest themselves in the following:

The uncontrolled influx of tourists will seriously damage Polomi's fragile biological balance. The latter are well aware of the area as a biologically important site of European importance. There are more than 110 representatives of the feathered world in the Polomi breeds, many of which are endangered all over the world. The area is also full of butterflies, reptiles, including various types of snakes, as shown in the picture above. There are deer and wild boars everywhere, because the Bataklata wild farm is located near the natural park.

One of the local attractions is canoeing downstream of the river, starting at the foot of the medieval fortress Cherven, and after a series of peripheries and beautiful views leads to the square of the Ivanovsky rock-monasteries. A touch of eternity is an area near the village of Nisovo, hidden in the valley of the Tisna River leading to the large Nisovo Rock Monastery. In the vicinity there is an old cemetery with mysterious stone crosses, also known as the Templar cemetery.

mudflow - a stream of water, mud, stones, merged into a viscous single mass;

landslides - displaced masses of loose rocks sliding under the influence of gravity;

landslides - the collapse of large blocks and slopes of mountain systems;

avalanches - masses of snow falling from mountain slopes;

weathering is the process of destruction and chemical alteration of rocks.

External processes form small landforms (for example, ravines).

Such forms of relief as shields, "sheep's foreheads" (low cliffs in the Polar Urals), moraine hills, sandy plains - zandras, troughs, were formed during the movement of the glacier. About a million years ago, a noticeable cooling of the climate occurred on the globe. The last ice age of the Earth by the English naturalist Charles Layol in 1832 was called Pleistocene. This glaciation covered North America and Eurasia (Scandinavian Mountains, Polar Urals, Canadian Arctic Archipelago).

internal (endogenous) ones raise separate areas of the earth's crust and form large landforms (mountains).

The main sources of these processes are internal heat in the bowels of the Earth, which causes the movement of magma, volcanic activity, and earthquakes.

Self-check tests:

Exogenous processes include:

Weathering

Volcanism

Earthquake

Glacier activity

2. Determine the mountain range within which the peak with the highest absolute height is located:

Pyrenees 2. Andes 3. Cordilleras 4. Alps

3. In one era of folding formed:

Cordillera and Pyrenees 2. Atlas and Sikhote-Alin

3. Andes and Scandinavian mountains 4. Altai and the Great Dividing Range

4. Plains with absolute heights of more than 500 m are called:

highlands 2) lowlands 3) hills 4) depressions.

5. The Philippine Trench is an element:

geosynclinal zone

mid ocean ridge

the central part of the oceanic basin

1. young platform

6. Are the following statements correct (yes, no):

in the central parts of the oceanic basins, sedimentation is slower than near the continents

volcanic eruptions can occur both on land and at the bottom of the oceans

The Antarctic Peninsula was formed in the Ordovician.

7. The longest mountains ___________________________________

8. The highest peak of Antarctica ____________________________

9. Highest heights and the degree of dissection of the relief is characteristic:

Central Siberian plateau

The East European Plain

West Siberian Plain

Amazonian lowland

10. Find a logical connection between the listed pairs and insert the missing:

Middle Russian Upland - Precambrian;

Ural - Paleozoic;

Verkhoyansk ridge - Mesozoic;

The middle ridge of Kamchatka is the Cenozoic;

Siberian Uvaly - _________________.

11. Moraine hills and ridges were formed as a result of geological activity ...

1. flowing waters

12. On all continents, with the exception of Antarctica, there are landforms created by geological activity ...

permafrost and flowing waters

flowing water and wind

wind and glaciers

glaciers and permafrost

13.In South America east of the Andes are dominated by

high and medium-altitude mountains

lowlands and plateaus

lowlands and highlands

low and medium-altitude mountains

14. By the general features of their relief, they are most similar ...

Africa and South America

South America and North America

North America and Australia

Australia and Eurasia

Plains and mountains are the main forms the earth's surface... They were formed as a result of geological processes that have shaped the face of the Earth throughout geological history. Plains are vast areas with calm, flat or hilly relief and relatively small fluctuations in relative heights (no more than 200 m).

Plains are subdivided by absolute height. Plains with an absolute height of no more than 200 m are called lowlands, or lowlands (West Siberian). Plains, absolute height which are from 200 to 500 m, are called elevated, or heights (East European, or Russian). Plains, the height of which is over 500 m above sea level, are called high, or plateaus (Central Siberian).

Highlands and hills, in comparison with lowlands, due to their considerable height, usually have a more dissected surface and rugged relief. Elevated plains with a flat surface are called plateaus.

Most large lowlands: Amazonian, Mississippian, Indo-Gangetic, German-Polish. represents an alternation of lowlands (Pridneprovskaya, Prichernomorskaya, Prikaspiyskaya, etc.) and uplands (Valdai, Central Russian, Volyno-Podolskaya, Privolzhskaya, etc.). Highlands are most widespread in Asia (Central Siberian, Arabian, Deccan, etc.), in (East African, South African, etc.), in (West Australian).

Plains are also subdivided by origin. On the continents, most (64%) of the plains formed on platforms; they are folded in layers of a sedimentary cover. Such plains are called stratal or platform plains. The Caspian lowland is the youngest plain, and are ancient platform plains, their surface is largely altered by flowing waters and other external processes.

Plains that have arisen as a result of the removal of the products of destruction of mountains (denudation) from the destroyed base of the mountains (basement) are called denudation, or basement, plains. The destruction of mountains and transport usually occurs under the influence of water, ice and gravity. Gradually Mountain country smoothed, leveled, turning into a hilly plain. Denudation plains are usually composed of hard rocks (hummocks).

The main lowlands and plateaus of the parts of the world