Journal articles
1. Badokina E. A. Using the price of capital when justifying investment policy / E. A. Badokina, I. N. Shvetsova // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2008. - N. 20. - P. 88-97 (On the example of the Komi Republic)
2. Berendeev MV Post-Soviet regional identity of the society of the Kaliningrad region: the problem of formation and measurement / MV Berendeev // Bulletin of Moscow State University. Ser. Sociology and Political Science. - 2007. - N. 3. - S. 29-42
The second criterion, based on group of states, was used to assess the government program and divide Mexico into three regions: North, Center and South. De Alba identified five main agro-ecological regions, linking climate, forage production and animal production systems.
Arroyo founded the identification of eight agricultural regions in the main socio-economic regions identified by Bassols. There is some degree of congruence between the regions identified by De Alba and Arroyo, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and the table north of Mexico is predominantly arid and semi-arid, while central Mexico is dominated by moderate and tropical climates dominate most of southern Mexico.
3. Bloodless V. Implementation of the principles of budgetary federalism in the regions of Russia / V. Bloodless // Federalism. - 2008. - N. 2. - P. 113-124 (Tables of revenues and expenditures of the budgets of St. Petersburg, the Pskov region and the Republic of Karelia for 2005-2007 are given.)
4. Boos G. The main directions of the budgetary policy of the Kaliningrad region / G. V. Boos, E. Yu. Matveeva // Finance. - 2009. - N. 2. - S. 3-8
Region P is at the other end of the developmental scale. The relationship between the value of crops and animal products in recent years describes the regional evolution of the relationship between agricultural production and livestock production. Among ruminant products, milk and beef production accounted for over 95 percent of the value of ruminants.
The following description looks at the agroecological regions shown in Figure 2 and updates statistics based on the agricultural regions described in the figure. Milk production grew faster than meat production, and ruminant products increased to an increase in area planted with fodder other than the permanent pasture of the rich. Therefore, the analysis of changes in different regions based on changes in the prevailing ruminant products and changes in the area of forage crops.
5. Broilo E. V. The main problematic trends in the development of the North-West federal district in market conditions / E. V. Broilo // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2007. - N. 5. - S. 97-103
6. Broilo EV Analysis of the problems of sustainable development of the North-Western Federal District / EV Broilo // Problems of modern economics. - 2007. - N. 2. - P. 262-266 (On the example of the Pskov region)
According to Jaramillo, the most important types of vegetation in the region are: shrubbery, native prairies and forests. Forestry is of paramount importance in this region; however, low and low productivity sheep and goat production systems are currently in place.
An intensive dairy industry based on forage crops is also an important system in northern Mexico. In Chihuahua, Coahuila and Durango, intensive dairy farming as the main animal production system and the increase in the value of ruminant products were highest in this group of states. The area irrigated with irrigated feed and rich fats has increased significantly, mainly with intensive milk systems. Nayarit is a slightly different condition because it is mostly tropical and also has a high proportion temperate climate in the mountains; in this state, ruminant production systems are less developed and the area planted with forage is very low.
7. Broilo E. V. Problems of stable economic development Northwest region/ E. V. Broilo / / / IVF. - 2007. - N. 2. - S. 51-61
8. Broilo E. Financial stabilization of organizations in the Komi Republic and the use of factoring / E. Broilo // Problems of management theory and practice. - 2007. - N. 8. - S. 35-40
9. Brusser P. Public-private partnership - a new mechanism for attracting investment / P. Brusser, S. Rozhkova // Securities market. - 2007. - N. 2. - P. 29-33 (On the example of St. Petersburg)
However, the production of beef on sown pastures becomes an important system in this state. Center of Mexico The temperate region described by De Alba prevails in the center of Mexico, occupying partial areas in 10 states. Because of high density population and mix of cultures in this region, there are several production systems. Traditional agriculture with corn and beans as the main crops has always been important. Commercial agriculture is also important in some areas, with sorghum sharing growing areas.
10. Budanov GA The role of regional authorities in the formation of social and economic policy: stages of evolution / GA Budanov // ECO. - 2008. - N. 6. - P. 92-105 (On the example of the Vologda region)
11. Bulavin IV Analysis of the quality of program - target planning in the context of the implementation of the socio - economic strategy of the region / IV Bulavin // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2008. - N. 6. - P. 17-28 On the example of the Vologda region
Mexico's proximity to the city encourages intensive production of vegetables, fruits and flowers. An intensive dairy industry based on alfalfa and feed corn is the main system; In addition, family milk systems play an important role. Over the past two decades, the region has produced 27 percent of the national beef; the calf run out of feed plays an important role. Sheep production is important in this region with a clear distinction between breeding and finishing stages. Along with the data in Table 3, De Alba states that the grains produced in El Badgio are partially used in this region as feed for pigs and poultry.
12. Bushueva LI Statistical analysis of innovative activity of enterprises of the Republic of Komi / LI Bushueva // Problems of modern economy. - 2008. - N. 3. - S. 73-77
13. Byrko A. N. Regional tax regulation of socio - economic processes (on the example of the Republic of Karelia) / A. N. Byrko // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2007. - N. 8. - S. 171-175
Vaccine production in central Mexico more clearly focused on milk production than northern Mexico. As in northern Mexico, differences in the development of ruminant production in this region are closely related to the emphasis on beef or an intensive dairy industry. The evolution of Aguascalientes with an important intensive dairy region is reminiscent of northern Durango, Coahuila and Chihuahua. In Hidalgo, Puebla and Tlaxcala, dairy products are more important than meat, but meat production has increased at a faster rate than dairy products.
The decline in ruminant production in San Luis Potosi has been critical in recent years. These differences, and the differences in regression coefficients, indicate that the strategies for using feed for milk production differ significantly between states in this region. The region was characterized by the presence of perennial forests, initially in excess of 80 percent of the area. In some areas, indigenous forest was replaced by introduced meadows with introduced species, and in some other parts it was replaced by short prairies of native species.
14. Vaniev A. G. On the work of the state authorities of the Novgorod region to attract investment for the economic development of the region / A. G. Vaniev // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2007. - N. 18. - S. 50-59
15. Verholantseva K. Experience of participation Russian regions in European cross-border areas (on the example of the Euroregion "Karelia") / K. Verholantseva // Power. - 2009. - N. 3. - S. 70-73
The tropical dry area consists of different areas in 15 states along the shores of the Gulf of Mexico and The Pacific... The characteristic vegetation of this region is various types of deciduous forest. The main animal husbandry systems in the humid tropics have a dual purpose of producing milk and calves, and at the end on pastures raised by calves from a dry tropical region; in the last decade, sheep wool production systems have been produced. In the dry tropics, livestock systems are based on grazing native vegetation or grazing land.
16. Vinokurov A. A. North-West federal district: features and directions regional development/ A. A. Vinokurov // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2008. - N. 5. - S. 12-21
17. Vinokurov E. Kaliningrad region: between Russia and Europe / E. Vinokurov // World economy and international relations. - 2007. - N. 8. - S. 25-30
18. Volkov V. A. Organization of public power in cities of federal significance / V. A. Volkov // Management consulting. - 2007. - N. 3. - S. 226-233
These systems are more intense and productive than those of ruminants elsewhere. mountain region... In contrast to the rest of the country, in southern Mexico, the area planted with grain corn increased by 16 percent during the period under review. Vaccine production in southern Mexico is more clearly focused on meat than the rest of the country, and there has been no change in recent years. Animal production systems in southern Mexico have not been very dynamic in recent years, with only 10 and 7 percent growth in milk production and production, respectively.
19. Vulfovich RM Prospects for the development of the management system of St. Petersburg / RM Vulfovich // Management consulting. - 2007. - N. 3. - S. 140-151
20. Gadzhiev Y. Economy of the Komi Republic / Y. Gadzhiev // Economist. - 2007. - N. 2. - S. 66-75
21. Gekht A. N. Investment policy and interbudgetary relations as instruments of territorial development of regions (on the example of the Republic of Karelia) / A. N. Gekht // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2007. - N. 10. - S. 96-104
Although irrigated forage is not yet significant in southern Mexico, its area has increased by 24 percent, indicating a trend towards intensification in ruminant production systems. In the Gulf region, livestock production in Veracruz is growing steadily, and in Tabasco it has stalled.
After the fall of Tenochtitlan, Coyoacan became a metizaye territory and continued to be an important cultural enclave that participated in the conformism of the Mexican nation. Coyoacan has, throughout history, been a meeting point between the most deeply rooted traditions and the impetus of modernity.
22. Glushanok T. Republic of Karelia: labor resources and the labor market / T. Glushanok // Man and labor. - 2007. - N. 3. - S. 25-28
23. Gogoberidze G. G. Sea-economic potential and development strategies of coastal regions Murmansk region/ GG Gogoberidze // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2008. - N. 14. - S. 21-29
24. Gosteva LF Tourism as a factor in the economic development of the region / LF Gosteva, ND Sereda // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2008. - N. 15. - P. 88-94 (On the example of the Vologda region)
This is why Coyoacan has been a magnet for artists, musicians, historians and poets in the last century and a benchmark for many visitors from all over the world. We are confident that the knowledge of our environment and its story is the main tool for obtaining a global vision of our reality, and its growth reinforces an identity expressed in a commitment to participation and building closer and deeper connections between people, communities and the environment. We want to offer a tool that, as a guide, allows us to find thematic general information about delegating great wealth, complexity and tradition.
25. Long-term forecast of socio-economic development of the Vologda region / LG Iogman [and others] // Problems of forecasting. - 2009. - N. 1. - S. 74-92
26. Evtyugin A. A. On the issue of the efficiency of living and materialized labor in modern agricultural production (on the example of the Vologda region) / A. A. Evtyugin // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2008. - N. 21. - S. 88-91
For Manuel Orozzo and Berra, historian, means "skinny coyote." According to Manuel Delgado Moya, the historian Coyoacan is "a place of wells." According to José Ignacio Borunda, a monk historian, it is "the watery territory of an advaita or coyote." The most acceptable version is one that defines it as “the place of those who have or have coyotes,” based on the explanation of the original name of the place, which consists of three Nahua voices: coyote, hua and may. This latter definition is supported by other historians such as Cecilio Robelo, Manuel Rivera and Cambas, and Antonio Penafiel, adopted even by the clacoan chronicler Luis Everaer, who claims that.
27. Egorov D. G. Modification of the input-output balance for the assessment of alternative socio - economic development strategies northern regions Russia (on the example of the Murmansk region) / D. G. Egorov, A. V. Egorova // National interests: priorities and security. - 2009. - N. 2. - S. 38-49 + Tables.
28. Zhevlakov V. Z. Problems and prospects of development of the banking sector / V. Z. Zhevlakov // Finance and credit. - 2008. - N. 42. - pp. 10-14 On the example of the Kaliningrad region.
Following the arrival of Hernán Cortés and his army, Franciscan preacher Bernardino de Sahagun provided information that supports this thesis. In addition, Coyoacan is a character depicting a coyote sitting in profile, a sharp tongue, and a circle in the middle of the body, so for a long time it was believed to be called a hungry and thirsty coyote.
Thanks to research and archaeological rescue work carried out in the south of the city, mainly in the early twentieth century, it was possible to determine the existence of groups of inhabitants living in the territory of Coyohuasca several centuries before the Christian era, in accordance with what Louis Everart calls them "centers of population and ceremonial ".
29. Zhirnel E. V. Territorial structure economy and competitiveness of the region (on the example of the Republic of Karelia) / E. V. Zhirnel // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2007. - N. 5. - S. 108-112
30. Zasyad-Wolf V. V. Factors of effective land policy in the region / V. V. Zasyad-Wolf // Management consulting. - 2007. - N. 2. - S. 62-82 (For example Leningrad region)
The burial remains found near Kopilko at the dawn of the last century belong to a civilization that already used simple tools for fishing, growing and collecting fruits; had practice in pottery and spinning and, above all, a firm cosmogonic belief in the immortality of the soul, since in these cylindrical frames, in addition to skeletons, several personal items were found, such as vessels, weapons and metals that would accompany the deceased on his journey to the afterlife life.
Increases life on the basalt sea
Probably some of the early tribes that became sedentary. Several centuries had to pass before the Coyoacan region, covered with countless layers of lava, was repopulated. During this period, the Coyohuacan again regains its status as an independent kingdom until the arrival of the Tepanecs, which again subdues the Coyoac and turns them into tributaries.
31. Ivanov V. Agro-industrial complex of the Komi Republic: opportunities for innovative development / V. Ivanov // Problems of theory and practice of management. - 2008. - N. 6. - S. 27-33
32. Ivanov SN Integration of information flows in the region in order to reduce transaction costs in construction / SN Ivanov // Economic revival of Russia. - 2008. - N. 4. - P. 67-72 (On the example of St. Petersburg)
As you can see, Coyoacan's history is extremely rich as it belongs to a region that is privileged in nature and a strategic military site. Another of the tribes who settled in this place was one of the Tepanecs. The first Nahuatlaka tribes - “people who explain themselves and speak clearly,” tells us Jesus Romero, who arrived in the valley of Mexico in the eleventh century AD. Ascapotzalco, northwest of ancient Mexico, is home to one of these seven Nahuatlac tribes: the Tepanecas, the piety of those "on the stone."
33. Ilyina I. The quality and structure of nutrition of the population of the Arkhangelsk region: dynamics and socio-demographic differentiation / I. Ilyina // Social policy and social partnership. - 2008. - N. 11. - S. 71-80
34. Kashina MA Council of municipalities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation as a mechanism of horizontal and vertical coordination of the activities of local governments (for example, the Leningrad region) / MA Kashina // Management consulting. - 2008. - N. 3. - S. 129-148
35. Kirillov A. A. Management by results: possible approaches (on the example of the implementation of the "program of reforming regional finance in the Leningrad region") / A. A. Kirillov // Management consulting. - 2007. - N. 2. - S. 219-225
36. Klebanov I. About the development of the North-West Federal District / I. Klebanov // Questions of local self-government. - 2007. - N. 3. - P. 4-5 (Speech at the north-western interregional forum of the United Russia party on March 5, 2007)
37. Klepikov A. Joyless records: analysis of the results of regional development in 2008 shows that the crisis hit the North-West harder than most other federal districts / A. Klepikov // Expert. Northwest. - 2009. - N. 11. - S. 18-19
38. Kovalev V. A. The Komi Republic: from post-authoritarian syndrome to the administrative regime / V. A. Kovalev // Political Science. - 2007. - N. 2. - S. 172-187
39. Kozyreva G. Economic behavior of enterprises in the forest sector of Karelia in the conditions of market transformations / G. Kozyreva // Economic Issues. - 2007. - N. 7. - S. 136-151
40. Kolosova GV Social support for disabled people in St. Petersburg: state and prospects / GV Kolosova // Social service worker. - 2007. - N. 4. - S. 6-16
41. Kolotnecha O. Plywood thrombus. The reason for the collapse of one of the largest timber processing enterprises in the Novgorod region / O. Kolotnecha // Expert. Northwest. - 2009. - N. 9. - S. 14-15
42. Kondakov I. A. Comparative assessment of the scientific and technical potential of the Vologda region / I. A. Kondakov // Economy of the region. - 2009. - N. 1. - S. 104-118
43. Kostyleva L. V. Statistical assessments of the priorities of regional socio - economic policy (based on the materials of the North - Western Federal District) / L. V. Kostyleva, E. A. Chekmareva // Questions of statistics. - 2008. - N. 7. - S. 34-39
44. Krumgolts D. V. Opportunities and main directions of development of the fuel and energy complex of the North-West Federal District in the long term / D. V. Krumgolts // Problems of modern economy. - 2007. - N. 3. - S. 457-459
45. Larichev A.A.Republic of Karelia - subject Russian Federation or the state? / A. A. Larichev // Constitutional and municipal law. - 2007. - N. 18. - S. 21-23
46. Levina I. V. Regional development problems timber industry/ IV Levina // Regional economy of Russia. - 2009. - N. 7. - S. 12-15 (On the example of the Komi Republic)
47. Lutova S. K. Ethnopolitical situation in St. Petersburg at the beginning of the XXI century / S. K. Lutova // Management consulting. - 2007. - N. 2. - S. 56-61
48. Maklakhov A. V. Regional strategy of innovative development of industry / A. V. Maklakhov, V. V. Mitenev // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2008. - N. 3. - P. 31-36 (On the example of the Vologda region)
49. Mamedov A.K. Economic analysis the demographic component of the rural areas of the Pskov region / A. K. Mamedov // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2008. - N. 35. - S. 77-83
50. Menkova N. M. Non-traditional methods of increasing the financial independence of municipalities (for example historical development Arkhangelsk region) / N.M. Menkova // Finance and credit. - 2007. - N. 42. - S. 51-59
51. Mironova N. Arkhangelsk region: experience of self-organization and local development / N. Mironova // Municipal government. - 2007. - N. 6. - S. 36-42
52. Mikhel E. Economic factors of labor migration in the border region / E. Mikhel // Man and labor. - 2009. - N. 3. - P. 39 (On the example of the Republic of Karelia)
53. Moskalenko K. A. Special economic zone in the Kaliningrad region in the context of globalization: political and economic aspects of formation and development / K. A. Moskalenko // Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Ser. Philosophy. Culturology. Political science. Law .... - 2008. - N. 2. - S. 117-124
54. Nemina VN Some aspects of the activity and forms of interaction between public authorities and the non-profit sector in St. Petersburg / VN Nemina // Problems of modern economy. - 2007. - N. 1. - S. 134-137
55. Ovchinnikov V. A. Reforming local self-government (on the example of the Leningrad region) / V. A. Ovchinnikov, N. G. Barbarova // Management consulting. - 2007. - N. 2. - S. 32-40
56. Ovchinnikova E. Expansion of the horizon / E. Ovchinnikova // Expert. Northwest. - 2008. - N. 22. - P. 30-38 (On the development of long-term, at least until 2020, strategies for the socio-economic development of the North-West)
57. Pastarnakova O. A. Project approach in organizing cross-border cooperation at the local level / O. A. Pastarnakova // Management consulting. - 2008. - N. 1. - S. 203-215 (N example of the North-West of the Russian Federation)
58. Rozhkova S. A. Using the world experience of public-private partnership in Russia / S. A. Rozhkova // ECO. - 2008. - N. 2. - P. 104-112 (On the example of St. Petersburg)
59. Rybakov FF Prospects for the socio-economic development of St. Petersburg / FF Rybakov // Economic revival of Russia. - 2008. - N. 1. - S. 56-61
60. Rybakov F. F. Industry of St. Petersburg: structural changes recent years/ FF Rybakov // Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Series of Economics. - 2008. - N. 3. - S. 37-44
61. Sergeev A. Dynamics of social and economic development of St. Petersburg / A. Sergeev // Economist. - 2008. - N. 5. - S. 52-62
62. Sidorov Yu. Yu. Special economic zones in the industrial policy of St. Petersburg / Yu. Yu. Sidorov // Problems of modern economy. - 2008. - N. 3. - S. 400-402
63. Sinitskiy V. Development of the North should remain a strategic task of the state / V. Sinitskiy // Social policy and social partnership. - 2008. - N. 4. - S. 52-55
64. Sintsov K. V. The concept of socio-economic development of the Pskov region / K. V. Sintsov // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2007. - N. 5. - S. 113-116
65. Skachkov I. Rescue unit / I. Skachkov, A. Efremov // Securities market. - 2009. - N. 3-4. - P. 48-50 (On the project for the development of the Murmansk port)
66. Sobolev ON On the main directions of optimization of the activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation to ensure national security in the Kaliningrad region / ON Sobolev // State and law. - 2008. - N. 7. - S. 76-81
67. Strikunov A. V. Integration processes in agro-industrial production / A. V. Strikunov, L. I. Strikunova // Bulletin of the branch of the North-West Academy of Public Administration in Pskov. - 2008. - N. 2. - S. 46-51
68. Styrov M. Assessment of financial resources of the industry of the Komi Republic / M. Styrov // Federalism. - 2009. - N. 1. - S. 237-242
69. Tazhetdinov SR On increasing the income of regional budgets / SR Tazhetdinov // Finance. - 2007. - N. 3. - S. 19-21 (On the example of St. Petersburg)
70. Labor market trends in retail / E. Razumova [and others] // Handbook of personnel management. - 2007. - N. 10. - P. 114-117 (On the example of the labor market in the field of retail (retail trade) in St. Petersburg)
71. Tolstoguzov O. V. Problems of improving state development planning economic system at the regional level (experience of the Republic of Karelia) / OV Tolstoguzov // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2009. - N. 6. - S. 9-15
72. Trofimov A. Ya. Problems of reforming local self-government of the Pskov region at the present stage / A. Ya. Trofimov // Bulletin of the branch of the North-West Academy of Public Administration in Pskov. - 2008. - N. 2. - S. 12-16
73. Uskova TV Problems of assessing the competitiveness of regions / TV Uskova, AS Barabanov // Questions of statistics. - 2009. - N. 1. - P. 49-56 On the example of the North-Western Federal District.
74. Uskova TV Industrial sector of the Vologda region: problems and development trends / TV Uskova // Problems of forecasting. - 2008. - N. 5. - S. 81-87
75. Feraru GS Socio-economic trends in the development of the timber industry complex of the Arkhangelsk region: problems and solutions / GS Feraru // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2008. - N. 22. - S. 32-40
76. Fofanova N. Active forms of protection of the population from unemployment contribute to the implementation of the state employment policy in the Kola North / N. Fofanova, L. Grushevskaya // Personnel and personnel service. - 2007. - N. 10. - S. 6-9
77. Chaika L. V. Forecast of development of energy and economy of the region (on the example of the Komi Republic) / L. V. Chaika // Problems of forecasting. - 2007. - N. 3. - S. 94-105
78. Chaldaeva L.A. Regional market securities: problems of formation and development / L. A. Chaldaeva, I. N. Fedorenko // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2009. - N. 5. - P. 20-23 (On the example of the North - Western Federal District)
79. Chervonnaya I. I. Formation of regional labor potential (on the example of the Arkhangelsk region) / I. I. Chervonnaya // Problems of modern economy. - 2008. - N. 3. - S. 443-446
81. Chernyaeva Z. History and state of the state debt of the Republic of Karelia / Z. Chernyaeva // Securities market. - 2008. - N. 23/24. - S. 65-69
82. Chuzhmarov A. Problems of ensuring the economic security of the industry of the Komi Republic / A. Chuzhmarov // Federalism. - 2008. - N. 3. - S. 236-243
83. Kharin A. G. Research of the peculiarities of investments in the Kaliningrad region: sources of financing and assessment of investors' expectations / A. G. Kharin // Finance and credit. - 2009. - N. 14. - S. 79-82
84. Haymur E. Prospects of government borrowing and public debt of St. Petersburg for 2009 - 2011 / E. Haymur // Securities market. - 2009. - N. 3-4. - S. 62-64
85. Shilovsky A. V. Diplomacy of the regions: experience and prospects / A. V. Shilovsky // Regionology. - 2008. - N. 1. - S. 30-40 (On the example of the Murmansk region)
86. Shishkina E. A. Kaliningrad region as a regional model of the global socio-cultural and socio-natural space / E. A. Shishkina // Regionology. - 2008. - N. 4. - S. 340-346
87. Yakovleva A. V. Analysis of unemployment in big city and its predictive and analytical value for labor market regulation (on the example of Moscow and St. Petersburg) / A. V. Yakovleva // Regional economy: theory and practice. - 2008. - N. 30. - S. 53-59
The Northwestern Federal District consists of eleven constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It was formed on May 13, 2000, administrative center is a city of federal significance St. Petersburg.
Map and list of subjects of the Northwestern Federal District
1 Kaliningrad region, 2 Pskov region; 3 Novgorod Region, 4 Saint Petersburg, 5 Leningrad Region, 6 Republic of Karelia, 7 Murmansk Region, 8 Vologda Region, 9 Arkhangelsk Region, 10 Nenets Autonomous District, 11 Komi Republic.
General characteristics of the Northwestern Federal District
The total population of the Northwestern Federal District is 13.8 million people, which is about 9.8 percent of the total population of the Russian Federation. Of these, about 83 percent live in cities, about half live in the Leningrad Region and St. Petersburg (these subjects are leaders in terms of population).
The total area of the Northwestern Federal District is 1.686 million square kilometers. A little more than a million of them are in the Arkhangelsk region and the Komi Republic. The third subject of the Northwestern Federal District in terms of area is the Republic of Karelia. The last place (not counting St. Petersburg) is the Kaliningrad region - 15.125 square kilometers.
Other statistics:
- 54.1% of the population are women;
- The population density is slightly more than 8 people per square kilometer;
- The number of the population has been growing since 2010 (by 30 thousand people a year on average);
- V national composition Russians predominate (83 percent), followed by Ukrainians (1.8 percent);
- The number of cities is 153.
Climate and geography of the Northwestern Federal District
The Northwestern Federal District borders on seven countries: Finland, the Republic of Belarus, the Kingdom of Norway, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Poland. It also borders on three federal districts: Ural, Central and Volga. It has access to four seas: Baltic, Kara, Barents, White.
On the territory of the Okrug there are a very significant number of lakes and rivers (the Northwestern Federal District accounts for more than half of all fresh water reserves in the European part of the Russian Federation). Including worth noting largest lakes: Onega and Ladoga, which are the largest in Europe. The relief is mostly flat, highest point Mountain Narodnaya can be considered, which is included in the system Ural mountains and is located on the border of the Komi Republic and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Ural FD). In second place are the Khibiny mountains in the Murmansk region with the highest point of 1200 meters.
The climate in the northern regions of the Northwestern Federal District is subarctic, in the southern ones it is temperate. In almost all regions, high humidity can be noted, there is not too much precipitation (if you look at the average for the district), but because of the high humidity, they evaporate poorly, which leads to the appearance of a large amount of marshland.
The climate of the Northwestern Federal District is strongly influenced by Atlantic Ocean(where the largest number of cyclones comes from), as well as the Arctic Ocean. In the northern regions of the Northwestern Federal District, summers are short, but warm, winters are harsh. In the northwest, the summer is usually cool, but the winters are quite warm. (Ads1)
It is worth noting weather anomalies in the 21st century due to which the climate of the Northwestern Federal District periodically updates records. Winters became warmer, there were cases when in the Leningrad region and South Karelia the first snow fell only in January, which was impossible back in the 90s. Obviously, the point is not in global warming and other similar "reasons", but in climatic cycles. More details about the climate of each constituent entity of the Northwestern Federal District can be found in the section on a specific region.
Leningrad region, Vyborg.
Economy and resources of the Northwestern Federal District
About half of the forest resources in the European part of the Russian Federation are concentrated on the territory of the Northwestern Federal District; for some regions, the timber industry is a key part of the economy (for example, Karelia). Also from minerals there are:
- Up to 19 percent of Russian diamond and nickel reserves;
- More than 70 percent of the reserves of apatite;
- Nearly 78 percent of titanium reserves;
- 20 per cent mineral waters;
- 45 percent bauxite;
- Coal, oil and gas occupy an important place, but it is worth noting that production is carried out only in some regions. For example, 90% of the gas that is produced in the Northwestern Federal District is obtained at the Vuktylskoye field in the Komi Republic.
A very large number of industries are represented in the industry of the Northwestern Federal District, from mechanical engineering and timber harvesting to fish farming and power engineering. If we look at the general indicators of Russia, then the share of the Northwestern Federal District accounts for a little more than 6 percent of agriculture and 12 percent of industrial production. The Okrug is the leader in shipbuilding in Russia.
You can read more about the economy of the Northwestern Federal District in the sections of the regions, which contains all the information, including statistical information.
Republic of Karelia
Northwestern Federal District Tourism
The Northwestern Federal District is extremely interesting from the point of view of tourism, although it is worth noting that its development is not carried out in all regions, and in some regions it is rather poorly developed due to its inaccessibility. The leaders are the Republic of Karelia, Murmansk, Pskov, Novgorod, Leningrad, Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions. In this case, St. Petersburg can be left out of brackets, its leadership is undeniable.
Nevertheless, the potential for the development of tourism is very large, the question is to develop transport infrastructure and investments in the industry. There are interesting places for tourists in every constituent entity of the district; both architectural monuments and numerous natural attractions can be attributed here. Everything is good in terms of hunting and fishing.
Brief description of the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District
Vologodskaya Oblast
Date of formation - September 23, 1937. The center is the city of Vologda, the population of the region is 1.1 million people, an area of 144.5 thousand square kilometers. From the point of view of tourism, the region is of great interest, there are numerous natural attractions, a number of settlements are essentially museums under open air and have the status of historical settlements (Veliky Ustyug, Ustyuzhna, Vologda and others). Fishing and hunting, ecotourism are developed.
Murmansk region
Date of formation - May 28, 1938. The center is the city of Murmansk, the population is 762 thousand people, the area is almost 145 thousand square kilometers. There are many natural attractions on the territory of the Murmansk region, there are the most popular ones in the Northwestern Federal District ski resorts in the Khibiny.
Kaliningrad region
Date of formation - April 7, 1946, July 4 of the same year received its modern name. The center is the city of Kaliningrad, the population is 977 thousand people, the area is 15.1 thousand square kilometers. It is a semi-exclave, since it has no border with other regions of the Russian Federation. Interesting from the point of view of tourism, in fact, this industry is one of the leading in the economy of the region.
Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Date of formation - July 15, 1929. The center of the region is Naryan-Mar, the population is 43 thousand people (the lowest value among all regions), while the area of the 20th in the Russian Federation is 177 thousand square kilometers, so the population density is extremely low - 1 person per 4 square kilometers. The potential for tourism development is high enough, but not realized. It primarily attracts ecological tourists. The disadvantage of the Nenets Autonomous District is its remoteness and relative inaccessibility, including because of the winter lasting eight months.
Leningrad region
Date of formation - August 1, 1927. Center - St. Petersburg, population (excluding St. Petersburg) - 1.78 million people, an area of 83.9 thousand square kilometers. From the point of view of tourism, the potential is very high and it has been largely realized. On the territory of the Leningrad region, there are so many interesting places, natural and architectural attractions, that it is simply impossible to mention them in a brief overview. In the tourism industry, the region is one of the leaders in the Northwestern Federal District.
Leningrad region, Gulf of Finland.
Arkhangelsk region
It was formed on September 23, 1937, the center is the city of Arkhangelsk. The population is 1.17 million people, the area is almost 590 thousand square kilometers. On the territory of the region there is the Plesetsk cosmodrome, the industry is developed, including in the field of nuclear shipbuilding. From the point of view of tourism, the Arkhangelsk region is also of interest, especially for those who like hunting, fishing and the beauty of nature. Worth mentioning national park Kenozersky, which is very beautiful and attracts a large number of tourists every year.
Novgorod region
It was formed on July 5, 1944, the center is the city of Novgorod. Population - 615 thousand people, area - 54.5 thousand square kilometers. The region has a large number of attractions, from the Novgorod Kremlin to the Borovichi rapids. More than 350 thousand tourists come to the Novgorod region annually, which is a very decent figure for Russia.
Pskov region
It was founded in 1944, on August 23, the center is the city of Pskov. Population - 650 thousand people, area - 55.4 thousand square kilometers. For such a small (relatively) area, there are a lot of lakes on the territory of the region - almost three thousand, including the Pskov-Chudskoe, which is the fifth largest in Europe. There are more than 370 federal monuments and about 3500 local ones in the Pskov region. More than 360 thousand tourists visit the region annually, including quite a few citizens of European states.
Republic of Karelia
It was formed on June 8, 1920, later it changed its borders several times. The center is the city of Petrozavodsk. The population is 630 thousand people, the area is 180 thousand square kilometers, of which almost 15 percent falls on the water surface, therefore Karelia is called the country of lakes. There are a lot of interesting places and natural attractions on the territory of the region; the region annually attracts a very large number of fishermen and hunters, as well as lovers of outdoor recreation with tents. In terms of tourism, the Republic of Karelia is one of the leaders in the Northwestern Federal District.
Karelia, Kondopozhsky district
Komi Republic
It was formed on August 22, 1921, the center is the city of Syktyvkar. The area is 416 thousand square kilometers (the second in the Northwestern Federal District), the population is 856 thousand people. On the territory of the Komi Republic there is a very large amount of minerals, on which the economy of the region is based. There are a very large number of natural attractions; recently, active work has been carried out to improve the tourist infrastructure and attract tourists.
St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg is the capital of the Northwestern Federal District. The area is 1439 square kilometers, the population is 5.2 million people (approximately 40 percent of the total population of the Northwestern Federal District). The center of the district in all spheres: economy, tourism, transport, etc.
As you can see, the Northwestern Federal District is very diverse, this is both the harsh north of Komi and the plains of the Novgorod region. If you look from the point of view of a tourist, then the North-West Federal District is very attractive, if only because in many of its regions, both transport and tourist infrastructure are developed. In Karelia and the Leningrad region, for example, there is a huge number of hotels and recreation centers, but there is no need to talk about St. Petersburg. Fishing, hunting, camping, sightseeing, traveling by car - all this is the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation.
