Chemistry uses wastes from many industries, therefore, an important factor in its placement is the combination of production, especially with metallurgy. The possibilities for combining and using a variety of raw materials are so great that businesses can be built almost everywhere. But the limiting factor is the high energy and water intensity and the negative impact on the environment of most chemical industries.
Main bases: Central (around Moscow), North European (around), Ural-Volga, and Siberian.
The chemical industry has a significant impact on nature.
On the one hand, the chemical industry has a wide raw material base, which makes it possible to dispose of waste and actively use secondary raw materials, which contributes to more economical consumption. natural resources... In addition, it creates substances that are used for chemical purification of water, air, plant protection, restoration.
On the other hand, it itself is one of the most "dirty", affecting all components of the natural environment, which requires regular environmental protection measures.
The environmental factor not only determines the location of chemical enterprises, but also has unique opportunities for the use and processing of any, even the most toxic waste. However, the issue of recycling the products of chemical enterprises is becoming more and more important, as new substances and materials created by it practically do not decompose.
The main problems facing the industry are the development of production of the latest types of fine chemicals (pure substances, reagents), the microbiological industry, the creation of small industries that do not have a particular impact on the environment.
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Development and placement of chemistry polymer materials
This group of industries is the most complex. The chemistry of polymeric materials includes: 1. Organic synthesis, i.e. production of monomers (ethylene, propylene, methanol, etc.) and intermediates based on them (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc.). 2. Production of polymeric materials (synthetic resins and plastics, chemical fibers, synthetic rubber). 3. Processing of polymeric materials (production of rubber products, tires, etc.).
The main raw materials for the synthesis of polymers based on carbon compounds are products of oil and natural gas refining, partly coal.
The chemistry of polymer materials is characterized by the presence of two types of production centers: large petrochemical plants (produce a wide range of products); highly specialized production.
Table 60
Production of the main types of polymers in Russia in 2008, thousand tons
The most important factors placement: raw materials, consumer, technological (combination of different industries) and scientific. The most optimal area for the location of enterprises polymer industry recognized the territories of the Ural-Volga region and Western Siberia.
The production of monomers and their polymerization to polymers (the initial stage of production) gravitates towards resource bases - a concentrated geography of production. A striking example of this is the production of polyethylene, more than 50% of the production of which in Russia is concentrated at the enterprises of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan.
The processing of polymers into finished products (the final stage of production) tends to be used in areas of consumption - a dispersed geography of production. So, the production of plastics and products from them is available in every second constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
The chemical industry is characterized by extremely complex and branched production chains that develop on the basis of deep specialization, cooperation and combination, including with other industries. For example, at Magnitogorsk metallurgical plant crude coal benzene is formed as a by-product of coke combustion. It is supplied to Samara (Kuibyshevazot) for the production of benzene - the main raw material for the production of caprolactam (the initial product for the production of nylon).
Let us consider the geography of some branches of the chemistry of polymer materials in more detail.
Methanol production in Russia. Methanol (methyl alcohol) is the basis for the production of isoprene (rubber monomer), synthetic resins and plastics, formalin. In theory, it and its derivatives could replace gasoline as fuel. About 3 million tons of methyl alcohol are produced in the country annually. Almost 50% of it is exported.
In the initial period of industrialization, the raw material for the production of methanol was wood, then coke oven gas, then refinery gases, and now it is natural gas.
The main centers of the methanol industry in Russia: Metafrax (Gubakha - Perm Territory - 30%), Methanol (Tomsk - 20%), Shchekinoazot (Shchekino - Tula region- 15%), "Togliattiazot" (Togliatti - Samara Region), "Akron" (Veliky Novgorod). There are projects for the construction of new enterprises in Nizhny Tagil ( Sverdlovsk region) and Labytnangi (Yamalo-Nenets district).
The enterprise in Gubakha is the largest Russian manufacturer of products based on a complex processing of methanol: urotropine (80%) and formalin (60%).
Polyethylene production in Russia... The main centers for the production of high-density polyethylene in Russia are: Kazan (35%), Tomsk (30%), Ufa (15%). New projects for the development of the industry were announced in such centers as: Orenburg, Salavat, Tobolsk, etc.
Polypropylene production in Russia... The most capacious area of application of polypropylene is the production of pipes and pipeline parts, the production of carpets, containers and packaging for food products. It is also used in modern road construction. The main raw material is propane, which is produced in significant quantities at the refinery. Until recently, propylene production capacities were only in Moscow (Moscow Refinery) and Tomsk (Tomsk Petrochemical Plant - 40% Russian production). New enterprises for the production of polypropylene were put into operation in Ufa and Budennovsk (Stavropol Territory). New projects announced (Nizhnekamsk, Omsk, Tobolsk). When the enterprise is launched in Tobolsk (Sibur-Holding), this center will account for more than half of the Russian polypropylene production.
Production of polyethylene and polypropylene films. The leading regions for the production of films are: Moscow metropolitan region (31%), Sverdlovsk region (23%), Bashkortostan (8%), Chelyabinsk region(7%), Samara region (7%), Nizhny Novgorod region (7%), Kursk region (6%), Kemerovo region(4 %). As you can see, the industry gravitates towards the largest centers of consumption.
Polystyrene production in Russia... Polystyrene is used for the production food packaging, car trim panels, electronics housings and refrigerators. It is produced by 7 enterprises in Russia. 70% of polystyrene production is concentrated in Tatarstan (Nizhnekamsk) and Bashkortostan (Salavat). Uzlovaya (Tula region) and Omsk stand out from other centers in terms of production volumes.
PET production in Russia... PET - polyethylene terephthalate is one of the most important synthesis products, as it is used for the production of plastic bottles for bottling drinking products.
The largest PET plants have been launched in Blagoveshchensk (Bashkortostan) and Tver. This is not enough for complete import substitution: five out of six Russian PET bottles are produced from imported raw materials. Construction of new enterprises is possible in Yelabuga and Nizhnekamsk (Tatarstan), Kaliningrad, Novopavlovsk (Stavropol Territory), Solnechnogorsk (Moscow Region).
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production in Russia... PVC - raw material for the production of plastics, linoleum, etc., is in very high demand due to the mass production of plastic windows in Russia. As a raw material, PVC factories use ethylene, which is supplied through product pipelines. Currently, there are 8 PVC factories in the country. The most powerful enterprises operate in the following centers: Sayansk (Khakassia), Sterlitamak (Bashkortostan), Volgograd, Novomoskovsk (Tula region) - more than 80% of the total output.
Projects for the construction of new PVC plants in Volgograd and the Nizhny Novgorod region have been announced.
Synthetic resin and plastics industry. In terms of per capita consumption of plastics, Russia still lags behind the most developed countries by about 2 times. In Russia, the production of synthetic resins and plastics is available in 52 regions. Such a broad development of this industry is due to the massive demand for its products. Having originated (in the mid-1920s) initially in the Central Region (Moscow, Vladimir, Orekhovo-Zuevo), plastics production then quickly spread to other regions. The leaders in production are the Volga region, the Urals, Western Siberia, and among the subjects of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and the Tomsk region. In total, they account for more than 40% of the total output.
Industry of chemical fibers and threads in Russia... The industry is concentrated in the Volga and Central regions. The main centers for the production of chemical fibers are located in the areas of concentration textile industry or in the immediate vicinity of them. The largest center is Balakovo (Saratov region), near which a nuclear power plant operates.
Table 61
Production of chemical fibers and threads by regions of Russia
| Region | Fiber type | Production centers |
| Kursk region | WITH | Kursk |
| Moscow region | I, C I, C | Serpukhov Klin |
| Ryazan region | AND | Ryazan |
| Tver region | AND | Tver |
| Tula region | AND | Shchekino |
| Moscow | … | Moscow |
| Krasnodar region | … | … |
| Volgograd region | WITH | Volzhsky |
| Rostov region | Kamensk-Shakhtinsky | |
| Saratov region | S I, S I | Saratov Engels Balakovo |
| Altai region | I, C | Barnaul |
| Krasnoyarsk region | AND | Krasnoyarsk |
| Kemerovo region. | I, C | Kemerovo |
| Omsk region | … | … |
| RF, total |
Note: AND - artificial fibers; WITH- synthetic fibers.
Russian synthetic rubber industry. Russia does not have the resources for the production of rubbers from natural raw materials, therefore, back in 1932 in the USSR, for the first time in the world, industrial production synthetic rubber (SC). Various technical alcohols are used as raw materials.
Initially, they were produced from food raw materials (mainly potatoes, grain, beets). That is why the first plants in the UK were built in areas with significant harvests of the above-named crops and close to the main area of consumption of finished products (Yaroslavl, Voronezh, Efremov, Kazan). For these enterprises, hundreds of distilleries (distilleries) worked as suppliers of raw materials. For the production of 1 ton of SC in the 1940s, it was necessary to process about 70 tons of potatoes. During the war years, a strong food shortage forced to look for the new kind raw materials for the production of technical alcohols. It becomes wood. In this regard, hydrolysis plants are being built in the Urals and Siberia. Later, an SK plant was built in Krasnoyarsk, using the hydrolysis alcohol of local plants as a raw material. In the post-war period, technologies for obtaining SC from oil refined products appeared (enterprises in Orsk, Ufa, Sterlitamak, Saratov, Samara, Volzhsky, Neftekamsk, Grozny).
So the main modern version the location of UK plants - in areas of oil production and processing, along the routes of oil pipelines and, preferably, in areas of consumption of finished products - centers for the production of rubber products and automobile tires.
In 1990, the volume of SC production in the country exceeded 2.5 million tons, in 2008 - 1.3 million tons. Currently, SK is produced at 13 factories in Russia, and more than 80% of the total production is concentrated at four enterprises: Nizhnekamsk - 30%, Togliatti - 20%, Voronezh - 18%, Sterlitamak - 13%, Omsk - 7%, Efremov - 5 %. The main types of produced rubbers: isoprene, butadiene, nitrile, butyl, styrene. Styrene - the most demanded in the world. But they are the ones we produce the least.
Since the main raw material for the synthesis of rubber (butadiene, isobutylene) is supplied from the Tobolsk Petrochemical Plant of the SK enterprise in central regions Russia is experiencing significant difficulties in the field of logistics: they were created in the pre-war period "for potatoes".
Tire production in Russia... The tire industry is a large-scale production, the final link in the chain "oil refinery - synthesis of synthetic rubbers - production of industrial rubber goods". Since it is economically inexpedient to transport tires as a commodity over long distances, the chain of production "refinery - SK plant - tire manufacturing plant" may gravitate towards a large center of the automotive industry. Nizhnekamsk is a striking example of such a technological combination of production at the center of the truck industry (Naberezhnye Chelny) based on the sequential processing of raw materials.
There are about 14 tire factories operating on the Russian market. The overwhelming majority of enterprises were created during the Soviet period (from 1932 to 1968), but there are also new ones (Davydovo - Moscow region, Vsevolzhsk - Leningrad region). Note that today there is not a single enterprise in this industry in such regions as the North, North Caucasus and Far East.
The available production capacity for the production of tires is 50 million units per year. Moreover, in 1990, 46.4 million tires were produced; 2000 - 29.9; 2005 - 41.3, 2006 - 40.4; 2007 - 43.2; 2008 - 38.4. More than half of the production falls on passenger tires (55%), 37% - for trucks and light trucks. Most of the production is controlled by foreign companies: Michelin, Bridgestone, etc.
In the structure of the cost of production of tires, 80% is accounted for by raw materials. Therefore, it is profitable to create tire production where there is a cheap raw material - rubber. More than 70% of tire production is concentrated in such centers as Nizhnekamsk (30%), Yaroslavl (15%), Omsk (15%), Kirov (10%). Other centers include Volgograd, Voronezh, Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Barnaul.
Automotive production is responsible for the rapid growth in demand for tires, therefore, in the coming years, new centers for their production can be expected to appear in Russia.
In the production of rubber products and tires, it is used as a filler carbon black(soot). In Russia, the largest centers of its production, as a rule, are confined to the centers of primary oil refining, production of SC and tires: Yaroslavl (40% of Russian production), Volgograd, Nizhnekamsk, Omsk. Carbon black plants use heavy gas oil as a raw material. The total volume of carbon black production exceeds 600 thousand tons, which is significantly higher than domestic needs. Therefore, 50% of it is exported.
Table 62
Synthetic rubber production centers,
carbon black and tires in Russia
| Region | Production centers | ||
| Production of only synthetic rubber (SC): | |||
| Tula region Tatarstan Samara region Perm Territory Bashkortostan Tyumen Region | Efremov Kazan Tolyatti Perm, Tchaikovsky Sterlitamak Tobolsk | Tire production, thousand pieces | |
| Tire-only production: | |||
| Kirov region Sverdlovsk region. Altai region | Moscow Saint Petersburg Kirov Yekaterinburg Barnaul | 2 586 1 417 3 475 2 247 2 844 | 2 125 2 442 |
| Production of synthetic rubber and tires: | |||
| Tatarstan Yaroslavl region Voronezh region Omsk region Volgograd region Krasnoyarsk region | Nizhnekamsk Yaroslavl Voronezh Omsk Volzhsky Krasnoyarsk | 12 295 7 054 5 033 5 554 3 229 1 943 | 9 702 5 941 2 003 5 724 2 808 |
| Carbon black (soot) production: | |||
| Yaroslavl region | Yaroslavl | ||
| Volgograd region | Volgograd | ||
| Tatarstan | Nizhnekamsk | ||
| Omsk region | Omsk | ||
| RF, total | 47 676 | 33 737 |
Microbiological industry in Russia... It occupies a separate place in the chemical complex and is relatively new. Main products: fodder proteins (yeast), furfural, amino acids, antibiotics, etc. For their production, oil refined products and woodworking waste are used. Accordingly, the enterprises of the industry are located either near refineries - Dzerzhinsk, Kirishi, or at large centers of mechanical processing of wood - Krasnoyarsk, Arkhangelsk, Kirov, Taishet, Tulun, Kansk, Lesozavodsk (Primorsky Territory), etc.
For a day, 1 ton of culture (Candida guillirmondi bacteria), which develops in a nutrient medium from oil waste (paraffin), gives up to 400 tons of protein. When using wood raw materials from 5 tons of absolutely dry wood and 1.5 tons of auxiliary materials, 1 ton of feed yeast is obtained. A significant consumption of wood raw materials orients the industry's enterprises to be located in the sawmilling centers (a lot of waste in the form of chips, etc.) provided with water (Arkhangelsk).
Chemical weapons disposal centers. During the Soviet period, chemical warfare agents were produced on the territory of the country in Berezniki, Volgograd, Dzerzhinsk, Novocheboksarsk, Chapayevsk, Vurnary, etc. A total of 40,000 tons of chemical weapons were produced at 14 factories and stockpiled in warehouses. What a huge amount of resources were diverted from National economy countries on similar militarization programs! By virtue of its international obligations, Russia has launched a program for the destruction of all chemical weapons stockpiles. The places of their long-term storage were chosen as centers: Shuchye ( Kurgan region), Kambarka (Udmurtia), Gorny (Saratov region), Maradykovsky (Kirov region), Pochep (Bryansk region), Leonidovka (Penza region), Kizner (Udmurtia).
Note that during the Soviet period in Penza and Kurgan bacteriological weapons were produced based on anthrax strains.
FOREST COMPLEX
The forestry complex includes harvesting, mechanical processing and chemical processing of wood. It includes more than 20 industries, including: logging, woodworking, match, plywood, furniture, pulp and paper, etc. Ideally, they should be placed side by side, compactly (in order to minimize transport costs and maximize the processing of waste generated at different stages) and be close to the main areas of consumption of finished products. In fact, this is not the case, since the principle of extensive forest use is still adhered to in the country: logging is increasingly shifting to the north and northeast in relation to the main consuming zone. In the distribution of the branches of the Russian forest complex, the same disproportions are observed as in the distribution of metallurgy and petrochemistry: most of the facilities for deep processing of wood raw materials are separated from the main raw material bases. These imbalances have developed historically and at each stage of the state's economic development they were aggravated even more in the absence of a geographically substantiated and flexible concept of an effective territorial organization production.
On the territory of the country, there are groups of regions with a clearly expressed positive and negative balance of export and import of timber products. The first group includes the European North, Volgo-Vyatsky district, Ural, north of Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia and Far East... The largest recipients of timber are the Central, Volga, North Caucasian and Kaliningrad regions.
Industry of polymeric materials (polymers)
This is the main petrochemical industry (production of synthetic resins, plastics, chemical fibers, synthetic rubber), where the initial stages of the technological process are tied to sources of raw materials, and subsequent processing is consumer-oriented and therefore can be carried out in other regions.
Changes in technology and raw material base chemistry of polymers (the transition from the previously used wastes of processing wood and agricultural raw materials to oil and gas), the development of pipeline transport have led to significant shifts in the geography of the industry.
Hydrocarbon oil and gas raw materials are produced at oil refineries and gas-petrol plants, the main part of which is concentrated in the European part of the country. They are located in areas of oil and gas production (Volga region, Ural, North Caucasus, Western Siberia) or are consumer-oriented, located on the routes and at the end points of oil and gas pipelines (Yaroslavl, Ryazan, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Omsk, Tobolsk, etc.).
There are several directions in polymer chemistry.
Production of synthetic resins and plastics the largest direction chemical industry, which historically developed in Central (Moscow, Vladimir), Volga (Kazan, Dzerzhinsk, Ufa), Ural (Nizhny Tagil, Salavat, Yekaterinburg), Siberian (Tyumen, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk), Northwest(St. Petersburg), Yuzhny (Volgograd, Rostov regions and Krasnodar Territory), North Caucasian (Stavropol Territory) federal districts.
The largest Russian manufacturer of synthetic resins and plastics is Uralchimplast OJSC, the main production facilities of which are located in Nizhny Tagil (Sverdlovsk region). The holding holds key positions in the markets of many types of goods chemical products.
Separate technologically dependent enterprises of the industry are usually monopoly suppliers and consumers of semi-finished products and are linked by product pipelines, for example, Sayanskkhimplast and Angarsk Polymer Plant (ethylene), Kazanorgsintez and Nizhnekamsk neftekhim (ethylene), Kaustik (Sterlitamak) and Salavatnefteorgsintez "(ethylene).
Chemical fiber and thread industry, which are artificial and synthetic, requires a large amount of raw materials, materials, fuel and water. Artificial fibers from natural polymers are used for the production of acetate and viscose. Enterprises for their production are located in Balakovo, Ryazan, Tver, St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, a plant is being restored in the city of Shuya (Ivanovo region).
Combines for the production of synthetic fibers (nylon, lavsan) operate in Kursk, Saratov, Volzhsky. Joint production of artificial and synthetic fibers is located in the cities of Klin, Serpukhov, Engels, Barnaul. The main amount of chemical fibers (more than 2/3) is produced in the European part of the country, focusing on the location of the textile industry.
Synthetic rubber production
Rubber as a raw material is used for the manufacture of tires (65–70%) and industrial rubber goods (about 25%).
Enterprises for the production of synthetic rubber initially arose on the basis of the use of ethyl alcohol from food raw materials - potatoes, grain (the cities of Yaroslavl, Efremov, Voronezh, Kazan), then hydrolytic alcohol (Krasnoyarsk). Since the 1960s. they switched to hydrocarbon raw materials obtained during the processing of oil, associated petroleum gases and natural gas. The main regions for the production of synthetic rubber are the Volga region (Togliatti, Nizhnekamsk, Kazan), the Urals (Sterlitamak), southern Siberia (Omsk, Krasnoyarsk). The total capacity of synthetic rubber factories in the country is estimated at more than 2 million tons, and its production in 2011 was 1.4 million tons.
The leading company in the market of synthetic rubbers is SIBUR, which accounts for over 2/5 of their production in Russia. The company unites largest manufacturers synthetic rubber - Voronezhsintezkauchuk LLC, Togliattikauchuk LLC and Krasnoyarsk Synthetic Rubber Plant OJSC.
The production of synthetic rubber is close to the centers of tire and rubber production. There are whole complexes of interconnected industries: oil refining - synthetic rubber - tire production (Omsk, Yaroslavl); hydrolysis of wood - ethyl alcohol - synthetic rubber - tire production (Krasnoyarsk).
The chemical complex was most developed in four federal districts: Privolzhsky (the district's share in the total production of the chemical complex of the Russian Federation is 44%), Central (24%), Siberian (11%) and Yuzhny (10%).
In the chemical industry, the processes of territorial concentration and combination of production have been widely developed. The largest chemical nodes formed in a number of regions of the country: in the republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, Altai, Perm and Krasnoyarsk territories, Tula, Tyumen, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd, Samara, Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions, which, on the one hand, greatly contributed to the social -economic development of these regions, but on the other hand, it significantly aggravated the ecological situation and the quality of life of the population. After all, the chemical complex is a major pollutant environment: in terms of the discharge of contaminated wastewater, it takes the 2nd place (in terms of the total volume of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere - 10th place) among the industries.
Over the past half century, the chemical industry has gone through a difficult path: from rapid development in the 1950s-1980s, when the industry created significant production potential, to a decline in the late 1980s, when the pace of capital construction dropped sharply, and in 1990 -th years investments in the industry have practically ceased.
Today, Russia's positions on the world market for chemical products differ significantly for different product groups. Thus, in the production of mineral fertilizers, the domestic chemical industry is one of the world leaders: it holds the third place. In terms of production of synthetic rubbers, Russia ranks 4th in the world (10% of world production), but only 13th place in the production of polypropylene (1-2%), and in petrochemical products - 19th place (1%). The release of many advanced types of chemical products, even necessary for the most Russian economy, is insignificant or absent altogether.
At the same time, the production of products of relatively advanced processing stagnated as a whole, which led to the capture of the Russian market by foreign manufacturers, as a result of which, since the beginning of the 2000s. Russia has become a net importer of chemical products.
The future of the Russian chemical industry is closely related to the prospects for the development of the world market for chemical products. According to experts, by 2030 it may exceed $ 4 trillion, due to the growth of the world's population. Taking into account the current trends, the average annual growth in the turnover of chemical products is forecasted until 2030 for China at the level of 13%, India - 11, Russia - 5, the European Union (EU) - 4, and the USA - 3%. At this time, the main direction of the development of chemistry will be the creation of qualitatively new high-tech materials. The solution to this problem and the structural modernization of the branches of the chemical complex are associated with the active participation of the state in the implementation of the priorities proclaimed by it in the Concept of the socio-economic development of Russia until 2020.
Currently, the main factors constraining the development of the industry are: insufficient investment activity; restricting access of Russian chemical products to the markets of certain foreign countries; a high share of import dependence on the supply of chemical products; inconsistency with the existing transport infrastructure the export potential of the industry; an increase in prices (tariffs) for products (services) of subjects of natural monopolies, which will restrain the growth rates of production of nitrogen fertilizers, ammonia, plastics and lead to an increase in their prices; insufficient rates of introduction of innovative technologies using chemical products in related fields (construction, housing and communal services, automotive industry, etc.).
The main goal of the Strategy for the Development of Chemical and petrochemical industry Russia until 2015, approved by order of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of Russia dated March 14, 2008 No. 119, and the project "Plan for the development of gas and petrochemicals in Russia for the period up to 2030" (Plan-2030), developed by the Ministry of Energy of Russia, - increasing the competitiveness and production volumes various chemical products Russian enterprises, first of all - on the basis of the creation and implementation of resource-saving technologies.
The development of the capacities of the domestic petrochemical industry in the Plan-2030 is supposed to be carried out within six clusters: Volzhsky, West Siberian, Caspian,
East Siberian, Far Eastern and Northwest. They are created near sources of raw materials and sales markets. The functioning of clusters presupposes active interaction of enterprises of the entire petrochemical production chain, including manufacturers of final products, local authorities, scientific institutes, and universities.
In 2015, the share of the chemical industry in GDP is expected to increase from 1.7 to 3%. At the same time, production volumes should grow three to four times, and the share of high value added products should increase from 30 to 70% with a corresponding reduction in the share of raw materials. In total, about 4 trillion rubles are planned to be invested in the petrochemical and chemical industries within the framework of the strategy, including R&D expenses. However, the strategy should pay more attention to measures aimed at greening chemical production, the introduction of innovative technologies and resource conservation.
The strategy defines the main directions of structural restructuring of the industry on the basis of state support: stimulation of innovation and investment activity; implementation of customs and tariff policy in order to protect domestic producers in the domestic and foreign markets; carrying out investment transformations for more effective management of the chemical complex of the Russian Federation; improvement of Russian legislation in order to create favorable conditions for the development of the chemical sector of the economy.
