Rivers East Kazakhstan are numerous and varied. There are also turbulent mountain rivers, there are small, calm, smoothly flowing rivers. Of course, the main waterway of East Kazakhstan is the Irtysh. A full-flowing, wide, once even navigable river, originating in the mountains, in China.
Well, in our Katon-Karagai region, the main river is, of course, Bukhtarma. Very capricious, in places stormy, in places calm. Even the color of the water in it is not always the same. Now it is transparent, like a tear, then dark green, then milky white. In the upper reaches of Bukhtarma - mountain river, flowing in a narrow valley, in the lower reaches the flow is calmer. The source of Bukhtarma in the glaciers of the Southern Altai ridge.
She is the prototype of the legendary "Belovodye", a country with rivers of milk (the real color of the water in the river) and jelly banks. Bukhtarma flows into the Irtysh River. At Bukhtarma itself, there are probably thousands of tributaries, if you count all the rivers and streams that feed it. And our rivers Sarymsak and Katonka, bending around Katon, also flow into Bukhtarma.
Above the Cato, such large rivers as Belaya and Black Berel, Chernovaya and Chindagatui flow into. Well, much further downstream there are also many tributaries. The largest of them are the Belaya, Yazovaya and Turgusun rivers. Bukhtarma is beautiful at any time of the year, both in summer and in winter. It especially attracts fishermen. After all, there is a grayling that can only live in clean water... Well, another representative of the predatory fish family lives in the waters of the river - this is taimen.
In the sixties, the filling of the Bukhtarma reservoir with water, formed by the dam of the hydroelectric station of the same name, began. Now it's mecca family vacation and tourism, especially in the summer. On the shores of the reservoir there are many recreation centers where you can have a good rest and go fishing. The reservoir is home to bream, perch, pike, pike perch. Even sturgeon fish breeds once came across. My father caught, for example, a one and a half meter sturgeon!
Traveling along the rivers of East Kazakhstan.
"Because of the trunks, the forgotten river
Lunar pointelle spot flutter.
Oh, how pure, calm and light
From behind the trunks - a forgotten river!
You dark come from afar
Forget, freeze at the light cradle.
From behind the trunks a forgotten river
Lunar pointelle spot flutter ... "
Vladislav Khodasevich. "Like a silhouette." July 19 - 20, 1907.
Rafting on the Ulba River in the Kazakhstan Altai.
The Ulba River is located in East Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan... Formed at a merger Gromotukha and Tikhaya rivers that originate in Ivanovsky and Ubinsky ridges, Rudny Altai.
In the area of the city Ust-Kamenogorsk, Ulba river, flows into the Irtysh river(is the right inflow). The length of the river is 100 kilometers, the area of the river basin is 4 990 sq. Km. The food is mixed, with a predominance of snow.
The river freezes in November - December, opens up in April. Average water consumption 100 m³ / sec. On the river is HPP of the Leninogorsk cascade... Near the Ulba river there is urban-type settlement Ulba... The village is subordinate to the city administration Ridder town.
The unofficial name of the village is the 4th district. The village has a comprehensive school (11 classes), a kindergarten, a fire station, a mine rescue department. There are also several shops of industrial, grocery and mixed goods, several hairdressing salons, a post office and a branch. Halyk Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The Ulba River Valley is located in a picturesque mountain gorge with rocky outcrops. The current is fast, there are many rapids. The floodplain landscape changes with altitude. The upper reaches are dominated by gray rocks and talus, a little lower, there are bright alpine meadows.
Grasses are replaced by cedar, fir, spruce, larch, pine, willow, birch. Extensive glades are overgrown with bushes everywhere. Where the river valley widens, meadows turn green. On the right tributary of the Ulba - the Tikhaya River - is the city of Ridder (former Leninogorsk) - a large center of the mining and non-ferrous metallurgy of the East Kazakhstan region.
In the upper reaches of the Ulba, at the foot of the Ivanovsky ridge, a hydroelectric power plant was built, next to which there is an urban-type settlement (Ulba), railroad station, mines of the Ridder mining complex (former Leninogorsk Polymetallic Combine), woodworking plant.
Along Ulba you can make water trips with a length of 90 to 100 kilometers, the second category of complexity. The duration of the rafting is from one to five days. Seasonality - May-August. Starting point of the route - station Tishinka, to which tourists can get from Ust-Kamenogorsk by rail.
During floods and summer rains, the Ulba level rises significantly. After a kilometer from the station, the river is divided into several channels. All sleeves are quite rugged.
Sources:
Adventure planet,
Vikipedia.
Photo
Alexandra Petrova.
Geographic features of the location of the base. The Altai Alps ski base is located in the East Kazakhstan region in the foothills of Altai. The Kazakhstani part of Altai is divided into mountainous regions: Southern Altai, Rudny Altai and Kalbinsky ridge. The mountains of the Altai Alps base geographically belong to Rudny Altai, which is located closest to the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk (30 km). More precisely, these are the western outskirts of the Ulba ridge within the altitude range of 600-1000 m. Highest altitude The Ulba ridge reaches 2368 m in the northeast (Mount Verkhne-Ulbinskaya). Ore Altai and in general is relatively low. The highest point is located in the Ivanovsky ridge - 2822 m. More serious peaks are significantly removed from the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk.
I think many people know that highest point Altai - Belukha Mountain 4506 m. From the Altai Alps base you will not see it - 260 km to it in a straight line.
In the nature of Altai, local forests are immediately striking. In Almaty, you will never see so many trees so low. They begin to grow here from the very foot of the mountains. The height is only 400 m. Birch, aspen, pine and spruce prevail. And the deeper into the mountains, the thicker and lush the forest.
Rivers. The base is located in the basin of the Malaya Ulba River in its left small tributary, Prokhodnaya.
Animals. In the Altai mountains, wild animals are home to bears, wild boars, moose, mountain goats and snow leopards. From birds: wood grouses, hazel grouses, partridges, woodpeckers, snowcocks.
Climate. The Altai Mountains are one of the centers of the most severe frosts in Kazakhstan. In weather forecasts in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk, we often see temperatures under -40 o C. Of course, if you are "lucky" to get into them, then there is little pleasant. In historical tapes, the most severe frosts in East Kazakhstan were recorded in the Oryol settlement -54 ° C! However, most of the winter is not so cold here. And a big plus for skiers is that there is always winter in its season. Thaws are rare. Mountains are characterized by inversions, just like ours. They are somewhat warmer than on the plain during the establishment of anticyclones (clear weather). This is also a plus. In the table below (according to Kazhydromet data) I give the average temperatures from November to March (red - daytime, green - daily, blue - night).
|
Temperature, о С |
November | December | January | February | |
| Ust-Kamenogorsk, 300 m | -8 | -10 | -9 | ||
| -13,6 | -16,1 | -15,4 | |||
| -19 | -22 | -22 | |||
| Altai Mountains, 800 m (Ridder) | -5,5 | -6,5 | -5,5 | ||
| -11,1 | -12,4 | -11,8 | |||
|
12,5 |
-16,5 | -18,5 | -18,5 |
In winter, a lot of snow falls in the Altai mountains. The average amount of precipitation is 3-4 times higher than in city U-K... The ski season lasts from late November to late March. But in some years there are problems with snow, so it is better to call and inquire if you want to go in November or at the end of March. The amount of snow is approximately as follows: late November 20-30 cm, December 30-45 cm, January 45-55 cm, February 55-80 cm, March 80-40 cm.
Snow height of about 1 m - this is a very snowy year Heavy snowfalls occur towards the end of the season - late February - early March. Often thaws come after the snow in November. Thaws are common in the second half of March.
At the same time, there are very long periods without fresh snow during the winter months (1-3 weeks), when Altai Territory takes possession of the Siberian anticyclone.
Blizzards in the Altai mountains occur on average 3-4 days per month. Sometimes, their number reaches 10-15 days in 1 month.
The prevailing wind direction is southeast. Accordingly, powerful cornices are formed on the ridges from the north and northwest sides (note for freeriders).
Slopes and tracks. There are 3 ski areas near the base. 2 drag lifts are located directly next to the base. From the slopes, you can roll out directly to the houses or cafes.
The 1st lift is located to the right of the car park. There are 4 tracks with a length of 700-800 m. The tracks are suitable for those who confidently stand on their equipment. If you go off the pistes, it is possible to find untouched snow.
View of the slopes of the 1st lift from the opposite slope (lift No. 3,4) 
Descent along the left road to the houses of the base The 2nd lift is located to the left of the base. To its beginning you need to walk 150 m. There are 2 tracks 800-900 m. To the right of the ski lift is the main one, where you can improve the skiing technique. On the left, before reaching the end of the cable car, there is a sign, a training slope. This is a wide track for beginners. You can go to it from above, driving through the powder among the aspens, and then you can go to the left of the training track into the birches. It turns out to be a good track for freeride lovers.
The track was just perfect when we arrived. Fresh snow and frost made the velveteen extraordinarily soft and delicious.
We are one of the first on the slope 
View of the training track from above. In the distance you can see a slope with lifts # 3 and # 4 under construction 
Training track We also went to the right into a rather wide gorge, which leads to the houses and the track of the 1st lift. In the end, you have to scoop up a little. But the slope is wide and snowy. Almost no one skates like that. This path is not marked on the official map.
Untouched snowball in the forest next to the slopes 
Unknown freeride slope leading to the houses (in the photo it ends) The 3rd lift is located at a distance from the base. You can get here by walking along the Ust-Kamenogorsk-Zyryanovsk highway 700 m, or roll out from the 2nd drag lift along the training track and climb the slope of 50 m and descend 100 m.Local people drive up here immediately by car, which is generally convenient. The 3rd lift is a chairlift brought from Chimbulak.
Chair lift No. 3 At the time of our arrival, the 4th lift was being installed, also a chair lift, which overlooks the ridge. The trails are not difficult, but not suitable for beginners, although such trails were seen on the slope, who is clearly the first time on the projectile. This is the longest ski slope at the base of the Altai Alps. From the 3rd lift there are 3 slopes available, 1.1-1.2 km. One - the main one goes in a zigzag along the slope, the other two are located to the right of the main route. You can freeride among the aspen groves - these places are clearly visible when you go up the cable car to the left and right.
View from the slope of the 3rd lift 
View of the track of the 4th lift, which was being assembled at the time of our arrival Since the slopes face south, this track will always be tougher, especially in the morning. Another feature is that the track is blown by winds at the top. And they can be very strong here. If you want to go on a freeride, then be prepared for the fact that the powder in the forest will be replaced by very hard boards in open windward places.
Lift pass. The cost varies depending on the number of climbs. Skaters are given coupons, which is definitely inconvenient. They will get rid of this in the near future. Now the daily ski pass is valid only on weekdays for all cable cars 4000 tenge.
|
Number of lifts |
Cost, tenge Drag lifts No. 1 and No. 2 |
Cost, tenge Chairlift cable car №3 |
| 350 | 500 | |
| 1 600 | ||
| 10 | 3 000 | |
| 20 | 5 600 | |
| 8 100 |
The Irtysh River stretches in the eastern territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This river, known for its extraordinary length, colossal resources and unique nature- a favorite vacation spot for tourists who prefer outdoor activities and fishing in Kazakhstan. The Irtysh River in Kazakhstan has a length of about 1,700 kilometers. It originates in China, under the name "Black Irtysh" it crosses the territory of Kazakhstan, flowing into Lake Zaisan. And at the exit from the lake, the river gets its true name. Irtysh River - perfect place for those who are not indifferent to fishing and other things active rest... Ide, sturgeon, sterlet, burbot and stellate sturgeon are far from complete list fauna inhabiting the waters of the Irtysh. It is worth noting that the Irtysh River is also one of the cleanest rivers, and in the warm season the water warms up to + 22C. The banks of this amazing river are a great place to walk along the sandy beach. The amazing local flora will not leave any tourist indifferent. Coordinates: 49.96093900,82.56497600 Anthem of Ust-Kamenogorsk Words by V. Yurkina, S. Apasova In the very heart of Rudny Altai The Left Bank made friends with the Right CHORUS: Glory, Ust-Kamenogorsk! Your metal is known to the whole planet Zhasai ber kiyndyk kormeten, CHORUS: Zhasa, Oskemen, Zhasa! Glory, Ust-Kamenogorsk General overview of the city The city of Ust-Kamenogorsk is an industrial, cultural and administrative center East Kazakhstan region, officially formed in 1868, in 1720 founded as a fortress Ust-Kamennaya. The territory of the city is 580 sq. Km. As of January 1, 2010, the population of the city was 300.1 thousand people. Ethnic composition for the same period is presented in the following ratio: Kazakhs - 26.5%, Russians - 68.1%, Germans - 1.3%, Ukrainians - 1.2%, Tatars - 0.2%, Belarusians - 0.3% , Azerbaijanis - 0.2%, Uzbeks - 0.1%, other nationalities - 1%. The city is administratively subordinate to 1 city, 1 rural district, 37 rural settlements. (1) The city of Ust-Kamenogorsk lies in the latitudinal zone of the steppe, 6000 kilometers from Atlantic Ocean and 2500 kilometers from the coast of the Arctic Ocean. The city itself and its environs are located in the foothills of the Altai mountain side in the basin of the upper reaches of the Irtysh River - largest river Kazakhstan, at 50 degrees north latitude. The Irtysh River originates on the western slopes of the Mongolian Altai and before it flows into Lake Zaisan is called the Black Irtysh, when it leaves it - the White Irtysh. The Irtysh breakthrough valley separates the Kalbinsky and Narymsky ridges. In the section from the mouth of the Bukhtarma River to the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk, the Irtysh flows through a narrow rocky gorge. The city of Ust-Kamenogorsk is spread out in a vast flat-bottomed basin with a pear-shaped shape - expanding from the southeast to the northwest, in the valleys and on the watersheds of the Irtysh rivers and its right tributary Ulba. The water surface is also represented by the Ust-Kamenogorsk reservoir and the left tributaries of the Irtysh - the Ablaketka, Ulanka, Dresvyanka rivers. The relief of the city's environs is characterized by plains, gentle slopes, rounded flattened peaks and flat watersheds, ridges and hills, feather grass steppes, and shallow foothills. The high floodplain of the left bank of the Irtysh is occupied by a tree nursery. Large areas of the floodplains of the left bank are used as pastures, hayfields and summer cottages. The city center is located on the right bank of the Irtysh and on the left bank of the Ulba within the terraces above the floodplain. The city and its surroundings are located in the transition zone from the forest-steppe to the steppes. Woody vegetation is located mainly on watersheds, northern and northeastern slopes and parts of valleys. In the vicinity of the inhabited strip, the woody vegetation has been greatly altered and cut down. The main distribution within Ust-Kamenogorsk and its environs is chernozems and chestnut soils. Around the city, a significant part of the soil is allotted for arable land, garden and suburban areas. The geographical position of the city and its environs determines the magnitude and nature of the zonal climatic processes. Uniqueness geographic location territory is that East Kazakhstan and its regional center are located on the border of the great plains of Eurasia and High Asia in the central part of the temperate geographic zone, on the border of the planetary rank, where three types of climate meet. The diversity and contrast of the mesoclimates characterize the weak ventilation of the landscapes and the sharp continental climate. In general, the climate of the city's environs is temperate continental with unstable moisture. The cold season for Ust-Kamenogorsk includes five months: from November to March. Absolute minimum air temperature ranges from -49º in January to + 4º in July. The absolute maximum is from + 8º in January to + 43º in July. The shape of the plan of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk is complex: it is dissected-linear with the allocation of the main residential area prevailing in size. At first it was a fortress, located at the confluence of the Irtysh and Ulba rivers, founded by Major Likharev in 1720 (one of the city streets now bears the name of the major). The history of the foundation and development of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk is closely connected with the history of Siberia. At the end of the 16th and 17th centuries, various regions of Siberia, one after another, were part of Russia. Cities, fortresses, villages were built. Throughout the 17th century, the Russian state made repeated attempts to move up the Irtysh. In May 1720. the expedition of Ivan Mikhailovich Likharev, equipped by the personal decree of Peter I, headed to Lake Zaisan. The purpose of the expedition was the desire of the Russian government to advance to the upper reaches of the Irtysh, dictated by a number of reasons, the main of which were the further expansion of trade relations with eastern countries and mastering the ore resources of Altai. (2) Since ancient times, the Ore Altai has been a territory favorable for human life. Good soils and various pastures, numerous deposits of polymetals, forest resources, an abundance of game animals and fish have long attracted people to this region, who, having displaced the Kazakhs, were captured by the Western Mongolian tribes - the Dzungars. Ore Altai at all times played an important role in historical development tribes and peoples, as he connected South Siberia and Altai with Semirechye and Central Asia. In the 18th century, measures were taken to strengthen new state borders. The main attention is paid to the construction of military lines along the Irtysh River. The reason for the expansion of the border to the south up the Irtysh was the rumor about the abundance of gold placers, allegedly located near the Dzungarian city of Erketi. (3) The rumors that reached Peter I could not be ignored, since during his reign, the search for gold and silver ores was especially vigorous. The equipped expedition reached the lake safely, but the further path along the Black Irtysh was blocked by a large Dzungarian detachment. The attacks of the Dzungars were easily repulsed, but a new obstacle stood in the way - the shallow Irtysh. The expedition turned back. August 20, 1720 a military detachment of the Russian army arrived at the confluence of the Irtysh and Ulba rivers, where work began on the construction of the fortress. This day is considered to be the day of foundation of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. Ivan Likharev did not find the fabulous Yarkand, he did not find rich placers of sandy gold. But a small dot appeared on the map - the Ust-Kamennaya fortress, the extreme southern end of the formed Irtysh line, at the place where the Irtysh and Ulba merge, so named because it was in this place that the Irtysh seemed to burst out of the mouth stone mountains and then rolled its waters across the plain. The fortress was surrounded by rather high ramparts. In the fortress there were barracks for soldiers, a military hospital, apartments for military leaders, various storerooms and departments of a convict prison, which, by the way, still exists. The first houses outside the fortress were built near the fortification. This laid the foundation for the city. The fortress was a fortification with a high earthen rampart in the form of a regular quadrangle, a moat was circled around and inside "a front garden with a man's height was placed above the rampart." The buildings inside the fortress were wooden. This wooden fortress burned down in 1765. The construction of a new fortress began, a large one, surrounded by a rampart and ditches. The remains of this earthen rampart have survived to this day. In a series of fortresses and redoubts, the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress was recognized as the main "corner point" of all the Verkhirtysh fortifications, where the Irtysh, Kolyvano-Kuznetsk and Bukhtarma lines merged. The administrative subordination of the fortress changed several times in the 18th century. Founded in the first quarter of the 18th century, the Verkhirtysh fortresses - Omsk, Zhelezinskaya, Yamyshevskaya, Semipalatinskaya and Ust-Kamenogorsk - were assigned to the Tobolsk province. In the second half of the 18th century, settlers began to settle near the fortress, mainly Siberian Cossacks. There were also many exiles. In 1762, a decree was issued inviting Russian Old Believers, who at one time fled to Poland from religious persecution, to return to their homeland. For resettlement, they were offered places in Altai. The city was founded on Ilyinskaya, Troitskaya, Bolshaya, Andreevskaya streets. They started from the coast and built up along the Ulba. These streets were crossed by the alleys Solyanaya, Krepostniy, Mechetskiy, Soborny. central part city, 1912 Old city maps show the strict straightness of streets and lanes. Thanks to this layout, the city was well blown by fresh winds from the mountains, and during floods, water easily dispersed through the streets and alleys. Before the revolution, the central part of the city (Kirov St., Kirov Park, M. Gorky St.) was characterized by a pronounced commercial flavor. It was created by numerous commercial buildings. Market square with shopping malls; trade in agricultural products in the city bazaar was carried on daily and lively. An annual fair was held here, where bread, furs, oil, leather, wax, honey and other goods were sold. There were also stone shops of wealthy merchants. Several of these buildings have survived on the street. Kirov, M. Gorky street. Mosque In 1779, the territory occupied by the Kolyvan-Voskresensk factories and villages attributed to them was transformed into the Kolyvan region, which included the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress. In 1780, the Kolyvan region was renamed into a province, consisting of five counties. The Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress was part of the Semipalatinsk district. After the division of Siberia into governorships in 1795, the Kolyvan governorship included the Kolyvano-Voskresensk factories in the district, which included the Semipalatinsk district. With the development of the mining industry in the region and, especially, with the opening of the Ridder and Zyryanovsky mines at the end of the 18th century, the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress begins to play the role of a transshipment base through which ore was transported to Altai factories by horse and waterways. Years and decades passed. Early XIX century was significant for the Ust-Kamenogorsk fortress. Having visited the village, in 1804 it received the status of a city, albeit with a population of 1304 people, 207 wooden houses, one drinking house, five handicraft enterprises and one church. Ust-Kamenogorsk was a small provincial town with several crooked streets and lanes, which at first had no definite name at all. Its administrative subordination has repeatedly changed over the course of the century. Flood, 1931 Since 1822 Ust-Kamenogorsk was a part of the Omsk region, from 1836 - a part of the Tomsk province, from 1854 - the Semipalatinsk region. In 1868, as a result of the redistribution of the Kokpektinsky district and the Zaisan police station of the Semipalatinsk region, the Ust-Kamenogorsk district was formed with the center in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. Ust-Kamenogorsk remained as a district town until 1917. Siberian cities were divided into three categories in accordance with the size of the population living in them: populous, medium-sized and sparsely populated. Ust-Kamenogorsk fell into the group of sparsely populated cities, in which the entire administration was represented by an "official from the crown", mayor and elected city elders. Ust-Kamenogorsk was an important staging post in trade with Xinjiang, Kashmir, Tibet. Russian-Mongolian trade was carried out through Semipalatinsk, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Zaysan. Market Square, now Kirov Park The city's industry was represented by dwarf tanneries, soap-making, oil mills and brick factories, which employed one or two workers. With the development of the gold industry in Siberia, the "gold rush" swept through Ust-Kamenogorsk. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, there were 107 gold mines in Ust-Kamenogorsk. Semi-handicraft enterprises were mainly engaged in the processing of agricultural products. Machines and engines were slowly introduced into production. The most mechanized were the mechanical workshops of Kostyurin, Babkin's mill, Sidorov's creamery. The total number of workers employed in industrial enterprises has increased to 250-300 people. The urban manufacturing industry was closely associated with mining enterprises. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were 132 active mines in Ust-Kamenogorsk district, where over 200 poods of gold were mined from 1894 to 1900. According to the First General Census Russian Empire In 1897, 8721 people lived in Ust-Kamenogorsk. Until 1917, the city's population doubled due to the influx of immigrants and ruined peasantry. The townspeople were engaged in farming, animal husbandry, beekeeping, fishing, gold mining and trade. By the beginning of the 20th century, trade continued to develop, a pier and a railway (Zashchita station) were being built. In 1900, among the best part of the intelligentsia, mainly former political exiles, the idea arose of setting up a People's House with a library, reading room, and a museum. It was decided to build the first cultural and educational institution with donations. In 1902 the People's House was opened. In 1908, the city had 12 tanneries, six tallow and soap-making, two butter mills, two brick and one handicraft breweries, three water mills and a mechanical workshop. The city also had one hospital with 10 beds, one outpatient clinic for the visiting peasant population of the county, one small pharmacy, and a public library. Kostyurinsky workshops Children studied at the city school, three parish schools (male, female and mixed), the Mariinsky female school. Each city has its own face. Ust-Kamenogorsk at the beginning of the twentieth century was a small town, consisting of nine streets: Beregovaya, Ilinskaya, Troitskaya, Bolshaya, Andreevskaya, Nikolskaya, Sadovaya, Medvezhya, Kanavnaya. They were built up completely wooden houses... With the development of gold mining, local industry and trade, the city begins to be built up with brick houses, merchant sheds and public buildings. Their owners were the Ust-Kamenogorsk merchants and the nascent Russian and Tatar bourgeoisie. The main attractions of Ust-Kamenogorsk were a two-story brick building of a three-class city school (later a school for working youth), a one-story brick building of the Mariinsky School (now a branch of the city hospital), the People's House (now the Dzhambul Drama Theater), the Intercession Cathedral, the prison castle and the houses of the Menovshchikov gold miners (now a printing house) and Valitov (Altai department of the Institute of Geological Sciences named after K. Satpayev). In connection with the increase in the influx of immigrants from the central provinces of Russia, the need to open new schools grew more and more. In 1912. in Ust-Kamenogorsk there were 6 parish schools, one three-class male school, the Mariinsky female school, and one-class parish school. Only in 1914. a secondary educational institution appeared in the city - a female gymnasium. Education in all educational institutions was paid. The People's House is the current building of the drama theater, all subsequent major events are associated with it. Here, in the hall of the People's House on March 14, 1918. Soviet power was proclaimed. In April 1920. the first Komsomol cell was organized, and an amateur drama theater was operating. After the proclamation of Soviet power at a crowded rally in the building of the People's House, all power passed into the hands of the Bolshevik Council of Deputies, headed by its chairman Yakov Vasilyevich Ushanov. The Soviets existed for 97 days. These days, a lot of economic issues were being resolved: the ferry across Ulba, the repair of public buildings, the construction of a power plant, and the improvement of the city. A labor office was created, public works were organized, the Red Guard was created, new schools were opened, and the Youth Union was organized. June 10, 1918 Soviet power was overthrown. Members of the Council of Deputies were arrested and imprisoned, and then executed. December 10, 1919 units of the Red Army and partisans of the Berezovsky detachment liberated Ust-Kamenogorsk. Soviet power was restored. The construction of a brick factory, a slaughterhouse, a pharmacy, a hospital, and a water pump began. Land management work was carried out to strengthen the banks of the Ulba in the area of the city, streets were improved. In the 1920s, the population of the city grew slowly. In 1926, 13,909 residents were registered. Ust-Kamenogorsk uyezd was characterized by a relatively well-developed industry, where an oil mill, a cereal mill, a distillery, two sawmills, an Irtysh lead plant, 4 mechanized and 17 small manual and horse butter factories functioned. Small flour milling industry was represented by 65 water mills. Handicrafts were highly developed. Ust-Kamenogorsk was connected by a narrow-gauge railway with the city of Ridder. During the navigation period, there was a regular steamship connection with the city of Semipalatinsk. Ust-Kamenogorsk was a large pier on the Irtysh. The city is gradually becoming the center of a large economic region, and in 1939 - the regional center of the East Kazakhstan region. Huge reserves of polymetallic ores, the availability of facilities for their processing predetermined the evacuation of the Electrozinc plant from the city of Ordzhonikidze to Ust-Kamenogorsk in 1942, at the height of the Great Patriotic War. The construction of the first zinc electrolyte plant in Kazakhstan began. After the war, at the expense of reparations with Nazi Germany, the latest equipment from the Magdeburg Zinc Plant was transported here. In September 1947, the Ust-Kamenogorsk Zinc Plant produced the first metal ingots. The plant became the basis for the creation of a lead-zinc plant - one of the most powerful enterprises of non-ferrous metallurgy Soviet Union... From that moment on, the city began to develop intensively. metallurgical industry, construction, energy. In October 1949, Ulbinsky released the first batch of its products metallurgical plant(UMP), which in Soviet times was a "mailbox". Its profile was uranium, beryllium and other rare earth compounds. For a long time, the objects of the military-industrial complex served as the second dominant in the development of the city. And although for this reason the city remained closed to the outside world for many decades, its life was multifaceted and eventful. Non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, together with a bright representative nuclear industry Soviet Union - Ulba Metallurgical Plant - gave birth to dozens of others industrial enterprises, contributed to the creation of many scientific centers, a solid training system. All new areas of the city are turning into construction sites for future enterprises. Builders, specialists and scientists come here from different parts of the Soviet Union. In 1965, a titanium-magnesium combine (TMK) was launched in the Sogra area up the Ulba. Titanium and magnesium were added to the rare metals produced in East Kazakhstan. A railway bridge has been built in the eastern part of the city. Having revived the dead-end part of the region, making its way through the coastal rocks, a railway passed from Ust-Kamenogorsk to Zyryanovsk. With the construction of the dam in 1952, energy capacities increased, stimulating the construction of new industrial enterprises. In 1959, a tram service was opened, and in 1960 - the Bukhtarma hydroelectric power station. Overlapped by dams, the Irtysh formed the Ust-Kamenogorsk and Bukhtarma reservoirs. The waters of the latter merged with the largest lake in the region, Zaisan. The city becomes cramped within its old borders, and in 1970 another bridge was built across the Irtysh River, which gave rise to the construction of the left-bank part with buildings of enterprises and residential areas. In order to find jobs for the female half of the townspeople and direct the development of the city to the left bank of the Irtysh, in 1970 the “Silk Fabrics Factory” (KShT) was founded. Without slowing down, avenues are being built, multi-storey buildings are growing. In place of squat huts, houses with front gardens and vegetable gardens, multi-storey microdistricts appear. Large construction organizations are being created and developed - Altaysvinetsstroy, Irtysh construction department, dozens of assembly and specialized subcontracting departments. The abundance of cars, construction cranes and visiting people radically changes the rhythm of the city. The city grew especially rapidly in the 60-80s of the XX century. Modern Ust-Kamenogorsk is the center of non-ferrous metallurgy in Kazakhstan. Today Ust-Kamenogorsk is rightly called the city of metallurgists. Three "whales" of the republic's non-ferrous metallurgy located on its territory: Ust-Kamenogorsk metallurgical complex Kazzinc, Ulba Metallurgical Plant and Titanium-Magnesium Combine brought world fame to East Kazakhstan. Ust-Kamenogorsk is a city of power engineers. The factories of "flower gardens" are fed by a powerful energy system that has developed within the city. Ust-Kamenogorsk HPP, Ust-Kamenogorsk and Sogrinskaya CHPPs, city energy and heat networks are the heart of the city's economy and its infrastructure. Ust-Kamenogorsk is also the center of the machine-building industry. This industry in the regional center began to develop only in the 60-70s of the last century, but now it has great potential. In Ust-Kamenogorsk railway, automobile and air routes of republican and international importance converge. The region's river shipping company transported millions of tons of cargo and hundreds of thousands of passengers. The processing industry also developed in the city. This is the oldest plant for the production of sunflower oil, flour milling, wine and vodka enterprise, brewery, furniture plant, small and medium-sized businesses. And Ust-Kamenogorsk is a large scientific center of the republic, consisting of branch institutes "VNIItsvetmet", "Kazgiprotsvetmet", departments of the Republican Research Institute of Regional Pathology and the Institute named after K. Satpayev. In the republic, Ust-Kamenogorsk occupies one of the leading places in the development of culture and sports, especially the Kazzinc-Torpedo hockey team. Higher educational institutions of the regional center are represented by four universities: East Kazakhstan State Technical University named after Serikbayev, East Kazakhstan State University named after S. Amanzholova, Kazakh-American Free University, East Kazakhstan Regional University. S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University A tiny fortress on the Irtysh of the time of Peter the Great laid the foundation for a modern large administrative, industrial, scientific, cultural and sports center republics. And its powerful productive forces became the main component of the economy of East Kazakhstan, the main areas of which are non-ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering and metalworking, energy, light industry, timber industry, food industry. The city-forming enterprises of today's Ust-Kamenogorsk: Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC, Kazzinc LLP, Titanium-Magnesium Plant JSC, Ust-Kamenogorsk CHP LLP. The main types of manufactured industrial products: fuel for nuclear power plants, products based on beryllium, tantalum and niobium, hydrofluoric acid, raw zinc, refined lead, affined gold and silver, titanium, magnesium, heat energy, electricity. As of January 1, 2010, 9 agricultural enterprises, 50 operating peasant farms and 20.6 thousand personal subsidiary farms of the population functioned in the city. At the beginning of the 2009/2010 academic year, the city had 66 daytime general education schools with 32419 students, 15 colleges with 10402 students, 19 vocational lyceums - 2949 students, 4 independent higher educational institutions - 24957 students, 17 libraries, 3 museums, 9 clubs institutions, 1 theater, 3 cinemas, 1 concert organization, 1 sports palace, 1 park of culture and rest and 1 zoo. The main types of transport are road, rail, water, air. Railway transport within the region, connects the regional center with the cities of Ridder, Semey, Zyryanovsk, Ayagoz, Shemonaikha and has a junction station of the Zashchinsky branch of Almaty railroad RSE "Kazakhstan Temir Zholy" and the building railway station for 150 seats. Air transportation of the city is carried out by the joint-stock company "Airport Ust-Kamenogorsk" This airport has all the necessary facilities for servicing aircraft belonging to airlines that carry passengers, baggage, cargo, mail. River transport is currently not functioning due to the lack of a transport fleet and infrastructure. The transport interchange of the city is solved by two types passenger transport- automobile and electric (tram). The total length of motor roads in the city territory is 662 km. km., railway - 50 km., distance from the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan is 1100 km. (4) Administrative and territorial changes In 1720 the Ust-Kamennaya fortress was founded. The Cossack settlement that arose under her turned into a village, which in 1868. transformed into the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. By the decree of the Ust-Kamenogorsk district executive committee of September 1, 1920. the village of Ust-Kamenogorskoe (Verkhnyaya Pristan) and Zaulbinskaya Sloboda (Dolgaya Derevnya) are annexed to the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. (5) According to the decree of the presidium of the Ust-Kamenogorsk district executive committee of June 17, 1922. № 45 settlements Ust-Kamenogorskiy, Verkhnyaya Pristan, Zaulbinskaya Sloboda, Zashchinskiy, Akhmirovskiy were separated into independent administrative units, with their inclusion in the new Zaulbinskaya Volost with the center in Zaulbinskaya Sloboda. (6) By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR dated September 19, 1939. the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk belongs to the cities of regional subordination. (7) By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR dated October 14, 1939. the regional center of the East Kazakhstan region was moved from the city of Semipalatinsk to the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. (eight) By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR dated April 27, 1957. Workers' settlements Ablaketka, Pervomaisky, Zashchita are included in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. Ablaket and Zashchitinsky councils have been preserved, Pervomaisky - abolished. (nine) By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR dated November 16, 1959. the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk is defined as the regional center of the Kirovsky district of the East Kazakhstan region. (ten) By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR dated November 19, 1962. excluded from the city limits of Ust-Kamenogorsk and transferred to the newly formed Ushanovsky village council of the Kirov region settlements Basova Zaimka, Stepnoy, Ushanovo. (eleven) By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR dated November 19, 1962. included in the city limits of Ust-Kamenogorsk are the settlements Mirny, Zagorodny, Verkhneulbinka (Sogra), Kirovskaya RTS, Airport, substation "Altayenergo GPP-7"; excluded and transferred to the Kirovsky district UKOS, Basova Zaimka, Stepnoy, Ushanovo. (12) By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR dated April 10, 1973. Ulbinsky and Oktyabrsky districts were formed in the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. (13) By the decision of the session of the city Maslikhat and the akim of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk dated February 15, 1996. № 748 Oktyabrsky and Ulbinsky districts of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk were abolished. (fourteen) By the decision of the Akim of the East Kazakhstan region dated June 12, 2001. the village of Komsomolsky, Bobrovsky rural district, Glubokovsky district, was transferred to the administrative subordination of the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk. (15) |
