The agricultural complex (SKhK) refers to the objects of agricultural economic activity... The SKhK is a monoblock complex, made at least on three levels, with a manure receiver in the form of a digester with a gas holder on the lower first level, a livestock department is located on the second level, and a vegetable growing department in the form of winter shelving greenhouses is located on the third level, while all levels of the complex are made communicating, at least, by means of one lift. The SKH is equipped with a department for growing mushrooms of wood-destroying species, a department for growing hydroponic green fodder (GZK), as well as departments for the production of fertilizers (including from organic waste) and the production of organic-mineral substrate. Technologically and directly communicating, the livestock department was made - with the feed shop and digester, the GZK department - with the feed department, the mushroom department - with the feed department and the substrate production department, the livestock department - with the vegetable department, and the gasholder of the manure department - with the technological departments of the complex. The departments of vegetable growing and animal husbandry are made communicating by means of channels with forced air-gas exchange systems, which, in turn, are equipped with biofilters. The proposed SCC allows to ensure wastelessness of the complex and the optimal structure of technological connections, increase the efficiency of the complex, increase the range of agricultural products sold and improve their quality, as well as reduce capital costs and the cost of agricultural products. 5 ill.
In Vignola, the control found only “some irregularities in the price of summer pears for which the price was set at the maximum set for the most valuable type, also for the inferior qualities”, but Maggini argued that “all municipalities did not deviate from the permitted prices, since nothing is more harmful for the purposes of price regulation than they are not equal between neighboring municipalities. "
However, given the current state of research, it is impossible to provide an exhaustive diachronic diagram of changes in employment in the commercial sector of Vignolet. The village community lived with mixed feelings about the widespread appeal to women’s labor: family leaders favored new wages, but were unwilling to recognize women with the new status. Common sense was imbued with a peasant mentality, tied to tradition and was unwilling to assess gender perspectives.
The invention relates to objects of agricultural activity and includes departments: livestock, vegetable, processing of agricultural products. Known agricultural multidisciplinary complexes, including these departments. At the same time, multi-profile agricultural complexes are various combinations of separately standing production facilities (premises) on the territory of the production zone, which implies significant capital costs, production costs and, accordingly, high production costs.
Added to the male moralism of the community was the brutality of employment and the unfairness of wages, which prompted the most reactive minds to protest. Umberto Tonelli, factory manager, was able to save wages workers at the level established by the "agreement between the two provincial unions of workers and employers of trade." The management of the company also maintained a productive commitment in the following years, using a good sense of fruit processing.
Cirio's documents were not supposed to be in order, as the permit for the prefecture did not appear until October 16, postponing the post to a situation of lack of legality. Twelve months later, the prefecture authorized the establishment on the condition that the owner made some improvements. In the last months of the fascist regime, the inertia of the bureaucratic system and economic difficulties significantly limited the affairs of the Wignell industries, but after the Nazi occupation the scenarios became even worse. The Cirio factory, headquartered in territories already liberated by the Allies, began to produce for the Germans: control over food products was no less strategic than the war-oriented military industries.
Also known are multi-storey monoblock mono-profile agricultural complexes, for example, for growing and fattening young cattle and pigs.Each floor of the complex is designed as an independent barn or pigsty with a whole set of main and auxiliary premises, while manure accumulators are located in the lower buried tiers of the complex. A multi-storey livestock building is known, the essence of which lies in the fact that the elements of the floors of a multi-storey building are made with trays for manure removal and with a slope towards the sewer runoff. Known building for keeping animals The essence of the invention: the appropriate relative placement of premises for cows and calves. Winter block soilless greenhouses with appropriate plant life support systems are also known, which involve significant capital costs, working capital and high production costs.
Even the municipal water supply that used the viaduct to deliver the old city suffered severe damage, leaving the country without water. Around mid-March, a delegation of the delegation went to the town hall to ask the prefectural commissioner to instruct Giuseppe Sanlei to provide the underground community with the Rocky Boncompagni, which he had borrowed to pack his groceries so that they could be used as sanctuaries. Sunley agreed to store the material in municipal warehouses, and Rocky's basement became an orphanage.
From Commercial Growth to Total War: Occupation and Resistance
Reconstructing the social dynamics that characterized the Panaro Valley during World War II is too complex a process to exhaust its analysis here, but it seems appropriate to think about the scenarios that led to the collapse of consent to the fascist regime and caused adhesion to various forms of Resistance, much more broadly. more common than other territorial realities. Sources face serious problems of interpretation: the messages about the public spirit that the defendants and prefectural commissioners of municipalities sent to the state authorities presented scenarios sweetened with stereotypes of bureaucratic rhetoric, but critical elements that complicated the administration of the territories were shown between the lines.
Known invention of the tower greenhouse
Based on the analysis of patent and scientific and technical information on the relevant classification headings for the previous period, i.e. as of 15.12.95, an agricultural production zone, including livestock and vegetable-growing complexes, was adopted as the closest analogue. The main requirements for agricultural complexes are:
Euphemisms and diminutive expressions did not eliminate the problems that affected communities, as many citizens were affected by the unfair climate that characterized the weakening phase of fascism: although the propaganda aimed to create a favorable basis for the activities of the Duce and to outline the society voted for interclass nationalism, support farmers and entrepreneurs of large industry, attacks on free workers and peasant organizations and encouraging the interweaving of public investment and private profits, expanded the spectrum of wealth, contributing to concentration economic resources into the hands of the agrarian and entrepreneurial bourgeoisie.
Functional feasibility, i.e. maximum satisfaction of functional, technological, technical and economic requirements;
Economic feasibility, which implies minimal simultaneous costs and operating costs while fully meeting the basic technological and technical requirements. The technical solution for the closest analogue assumes significant development areas of the industrial zone, large capital investment and operating costs. The purpose of the invention is a relative reduction in the building area of the industrial zone, a decrease in the level of capital and operating costs, ensuring waste-free production and expanding the range of products of the agricultural complex. This is achieved by the fact that the agricultural complex (SCC), which includes the cattle breeding department with a manure receiver and vegetable growing, as well as the processing of agricultural products, is made in the form of a monoblock complex and at least at three levels, and at III vegetable-growing department. The Siberian Chemical Combine is equipped with appropriate departments for growing vegetables of hydroponic green fodder (GZK), mushrooms of wood-destroying species, as well as departments for the production of fertilizers and organomineral substrates. In this case, the livestock department is made technologically communicating with the feed preparation departments and a manure receiver, the mushroom department is made technologically communicating with the feed preparation and organic-mineral substrate production departments. The manure receiver is made in the form of a digester with a gas holder, and the latter, in turn, is connected by communication wiring with the technological departments of the complex. The vegetable growing department is equipped with appropriate racks for growing vegetables and a life support system. The vegetable growing departments are made communicating by means of channels with forced air and gas exchange systems, and the channels themselves are equipped with biofilters. Departments for processing agricultural products and other related departments are located at levels in accordance with technological and economic feasibility. FIG. 1-5 shows an example of a space-planning solution for a waste-free monoblock multi-profile agricultural complex (BMMSHK). FIG. 1 shows the complex, lateral projection; in fig. 2 facade; in fig. 3 layout plan for technological departments of the 1st level; in fig. 4 layout plan for technological departments of the II level; in fig. 5 is a layout plan for technological departments of the III level, where the subdivisions of the BMMSHK are designated by letter symbols, and technological cargo flows and communications are indicated by numbers. In this case, the departments are designated as follows:
During the negative cycle of war, inequality between social classes was exacerbated by the black market: wealthy families were able to freely supply illicit channels of the underground trade, while masses of workers and rural communities faced the distribution ineffectiveness of ration cards.
Even the fall of fascism and the Nazi occupation completely turned the structures of peasant civilization: forty years after the Liberation, the testimony of Gino Torlai gave a complex and problematic picture of the picture that marked the existence of the then young boy.
A department for the production of substrate and fertilizer;
B mushroom department;
C department of processing plant agricultural products;
D separation of manure collection and reception of organic waste from other departments and their processing;
E department for processing products of the livestock department;
F warehouse for animal feed and raw materials;
In the foothills of Panaro, Liberation Struggle did not turn into an uncritical and unanimous consensus, but several families involved in gathering and employment saw their partisan claims as reasons for their part. In the eyes of some, this ideal closeness made the withdrawal of food supplies a little less painful, intended to feed the rebels in the cover-up; in the minds of others, however, the claim to own their lands only engendered misfortune and represented a painful page in the history of the community that had to be limited to oblivion.
G department of forage preparation and green forage production;
H department of animal husbandry;
K administrative department;
L vegetable-growing department. Freight traffic and communications. Number 1 denotes cargo flows at III levels, at least one forklift, between branches F-G-B-A-L raw materials, products;
Digit 2 F-G cargo flows raw materials, feed;
However, neither the former nor the latter can deny that the rural context of the head area became a decisive factor in the dynamics of the dispute: on the one hand, the Nazi occupiers, Salo employees and the partisans were conditioned by territory in relations with the population, as in the management of military operations; on the other hand, physical space was attacked by a war that damaged environment, structures and communities.
An era of redemption and controversy began, in which the hope of change sought to satisfy hunger and the desire for revival tried to fill the gaps left by the war: at the Panaro's low level there was a development model that shifted the removal of red fruits and the expansion of trading in a context capable of supporting individual initiatives, reformism and cooperation.
3 Freight flows B-A of the substrate of mushroom production and mineral fertilizers;
4 freight flows A-L organomineral substrate;
5 cargo flows B-G feed additives (mushroom substrate);
6 cargo flows B-C vegetable and mushroom products;
7 cargo flows G-H feed, incl. feed additives;
8 freight traffic L-C vegetable products;
9 freight flows H-D manure;
Between the thirties and the outbreak of World War II, Vignola's farmers and traders increased fruit and vegetable production and bargaining. While the most dynamic market owners and men have taken advantage of this scenario to generate immense wealth, workers and various income-generating families have struggled with social imbalances. The advent of World War II exacerbated the crisis of the country system and caused increasingly serious damage to the Italian economy, which also greatly affected the Panaro Valley.
The German occupation triggered the most difficult phase of the twentieth century in Emilia: the struggle for liberation followed the challenges of democratic, economic and social reconstruction of a land devastated by conflict. A new take-off would have occurred only in the fifties and would have followed a different model from the fascist structures of society: a comparative analysis of these systems would allow for a more effective analysis of the historical events of the countryside and the agri-food industry of Modena in the twentieth century.
10 cargo flows L-D organic waste;
11 air exchange L-H;
12 cargo flows H-E products animal husbandry. The operation of the complex is provided by feeding feed (from F) and feed additives (from B) to the compartment (G), where hydroponic green fodder is produced daily, as well as fodder preparation for the livestock division (H). In the departments of mushroom (B), preparation of the substrate (A) and vegetable (L), raw materials, seeds, fertilizers, etc. are supplied as required, respectively. The grown mushrooms and vegetables are delivered to the processing section (C). Organo-mineral substrates, if necessary, are supplied to the vegetable growing department (L) or for free sale. Livestock products are fed to the processing department (E). All organic waste from the compartments (L and H) is fed to the compartment (D) for processing in the digester. The gas obtained in the digester is used for technological and domestic needs. In vegetable growing departments, such as hydroponic shelving, flameless (catalytic) gas burners are also used to provide heat and carbon dioxide (CO 2) to the vegetation. Vegetable (L) and livestock (H) compartments are made communicating through channels (11) with forced air-gas exchange systems (O 2, CO 2 and heat), and the channels themselves are equipped with biofilters. In the general technological cycle of the complex, the wastes of each production are constituent components of another production, increasing the effect of all economic activities of BMMSHK. Waste from mushroom production, the substrate is a feed additive for farm animals and a component of the organic-mineral substrate of hydroponic shelving systems. Waste from livestock and vegetable production after processing in a digester is a supplier of an energy carrier of methane gas and environmentally friendly disinfected fertilizer, which, in terms of the NPK group (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), is, respectively, 3.2-0.55-1.5% of the total dry manure masses. The production (cultivation) of vegetables in the proposed multi-profile in a monoblock agricultural complex involves the use of a substrate of our own production, fertilizers, carbon dioxide and the energy carrier methane gas. The presented diversified monoblock waste-free agricultural complex (MMBSHK) assumes a relative decrease in the levels of capital and operating costs by reducing the volume of construction work, reducing the length of engineering networks and communications, as well as ensuring waste-free production. In addition, the area for the production zone is significantly reduced and the range of agricultural products of MMBSHK is increasing.
It is necessary to stimulate precisely certain industries, which turned out to be profitable, and financial resources for experiments that should be provided to research units. Expenses for machinery, equipment, software, acquisition of intellectual property rights, acquisition or development of specialized software are suitable activities under the already open procedure "Support for the introduction of innovations in enterprises" of the Operational Program "Innovation and Competitiveness".
CLAIM
An agricultural complex, including a vegetable-growing department, a livestock department with a manure receiver and a feed shop and a department for processing agricultural products and production waste, characterized in that the complex is equipped with a mushroom department and a branch for growing hydroponic green fodder, for the production of fertilizer and for the production of an organic-mineral substrate and is made in the form a monoblock with at least three levels, and the manure receiver is made in the form of a digester with a gas holder, and a digester with a gas holder is located at the lower first level, a livestock department at the second level, a vegetable department at the third level, and all levels of the complex are made communicating by means of at least one lifting vehicle, while the livestock department is technologically connected with the feed shop, digester and with the vegetable growing department, the department for growing hydroponic green fodder with the feed department of the livestock department, and the mushroom department - with the feed department of the livestock department and with the department for the production of substrate.The agro-industrial complex in its composition and structure differs significantly from other intersectoral complexes primarily because it uses the land as the main means of production on which agricultural products and raw materials are grown for industrial and non-industrial consumption. Agricultural production based on the use of agricultural land serves as the basis for the development of processing industries. The agro-industrial complex largely determines the socio-economic development of the country, the standard of living of the population, its provision with food, and industry - with agricultural raw materials. The solution to the food problem is carried out mainly in the agro-industrial complex. It is because of this that it is an important link in the economy and should have priority development.
The deadline for submitting project proposals is April 4. The total budget for the procedure is 50 million euros. He can participate in existing enterprises, and maximum size the grant, which can be received by small and medium-sized enterprises, is 1 million lev, and large - 5 million. The duration of projects is up to 18 months. And these are: ICT and informatics, mechatronics and clean technologies, the healthy lifestyle industry and biotechnology, new technologies in the creative and recreational industries, explains Velina Popova, a state expert at the European Competitiveness Fund of the Ministry of Economy.
The agro-industrial complex is a complex complex in which many industries and industries are economically, technologically and organizationally interconnected. The agro-industrial complex has a very complex functional and sectoral structure.
It consists of 3 main areas:
1) Agricultural production - plant growing and animal husbandry, which create the raw material base of the agro-industrial complex. This is its main base link.
Enterprises with less than three closed fiscal years can also be candidates. The maximum amount of assistance is 200 thousand euros. Projects may include applied research, testing, testing and measurement activities related to the development of an innovative product or process.
Funding will be funded free of charge and conduct research, acquisition and implementation of research results, technologies, know-how, patented discoveries, intellectual property rights. Support also focuses on the protection of intellectual property at the national and international level, as well as for the creation and testing of prototypes and pilot lines. The maximum duration of projects is 24 months, Velina Popova explained.
2) Branches that create material and technical means for the branches of the agro-industrial complex. These are agricultural engineering, the production of plant protection products, mineral fertilizers, the feed and microbiological industry, the production of containers, special equipment and instruments for the agro-industrial complex, etc.
3) Branches providing the processing of agricultural products - agricultural raw materials and food (food, light).
According to the indicative work program, it should start in December. The total budget provided for it is 30 million euros. Projects may include activities for the development, implementation and certification of quality management systems, good manufacturing practices, ICT and business management applications, and business process reengineering. The maximum grant for the project is 200 thousand euros, Velina Popova said. This procedure is carried out under Priority Axis 2 Entrepreneurship and the Potential for SME Growth of the Innovation and Competitiveness Operational Program.
In addition to these main areas, the agro-industrial complex includes industrial and social infrastructure in the part that works for the needs of the complex. This includes transport, warehousing, material and technical supplies, engineering structures, information support, specialized trade, housing and communal services, medical services, etc.
They are in Priority Axis 3, Energy and Resource Efficiency, of the Operational Program. Both support will be provided for the measures included in the energy audit. The investment will be financed in machinery, equipment and equipment associated with the production process, as well as limited construction and installation work in industrial buildings. If this is proven, it will also be possible to implement measures for the production of energy from renewable sources, but only for own consumption.
According to production characteristics, the agro-industrial complex includes food and non-food complexes.
Food complex Is a set of industries related to the production of food products of plant and animal origin. This also includes industries that technologically do not belong to agriculture. This is the production of salt mineral waters, fish catch, etc.
To the non-food complex include industries associated with the production of consumer goods from raw materials of plant and animal origin; industries light industry, first of all, those who are engaged in the primary processing of agricultural raw materials.
In turn, these complexes, depending on the type of raw materials used, are divided into crop and livestock subcomplexes .
A special role in the agro-industrial complex is played by the food complex, which provides the population with food. It includes industries related only to food production. This complex includes grain, potato, sugar beet, fruit and vegetable, grape and wine, meat, dairy, fat and oil subcomplexes.
Territorial structure The agro-industrial complex is formed on a specific territory in the form of different forms agro-industrial integration... In the scientific literature, local and regional agro-industrial complexes are distinguished. Local agro-industrial complexes were formed on relatively small territories on the basis of the amalgamation of agro-industrial enterprises for processing low-transportable products and have the lowest degree of integration. These are the most common forms of AIC. Among them, there are: an agro-industrial point, an agro-industrial center, an agro-industrial bush, an agro-industrial hub.
Placement of plant growing industries. The location of plant growing industries depends to a large extent on the sown areas, their structure and rational use. The share of crop industries in the value of all agricultural products is more than 50%.
The most favorable for plant growing are the steppe and forest-steppe zones.
The sown area of Ukraine in 1997 amounted to 30.3 million hectares, including grain crops - 14.1, industrial - 3.7, potatoes and melons - 2.1, fodder crops - 10.9 million hectares. Net vapor area - 2 mln.
Cereals v last years occupy 42-47% of the sown area. The main zones of grain production are the Steppe and Forest-Steppe, where up to 85% of their total volume is produced. Ukraine produces almost all grain crops, according to the structure of crops it is divided into zones, which is associated with different natural and economic conditions.
Industrial crops in Ukraine, they occupy about 11% of the sown area. These are sugar beets, sunflowers, fiber flax, hemp, tobacco, hops, essential oil and medicinal plants.
Distributed throughout the territory vegetable growing and melon growing , which is zoned according to the yield of certain types of crops. So, tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, melons are grown mainly in the southern regions, cucumbers - in the northern regions of the Forest-steppe and Polesie.
Gardening and viticulture distributed in the southern regions, Transcarpathia, Forest-steppe.
Placement of livestock industries. Animal husbandry supplies the population with high-quality food products, supplies raw materials for the light, food and pharmaceutical industries, and organic fertilizers. Industry placement is influenced by natural conditions, forage production resources and natural forage lands. The location and specialization of animal husbandry are determined in most cases by the needs of the population and the transportability of products. Certain branches of animal husbandry are tied to meat, sugar, alcohol and other types of industry. V sectoral structure the main role is played by cattle breeding, pig breeding, poultry farming and sheep breeding.
The main agricultural zones of Ukraine. In Ukraine, depending on the natural, economic and historical conditions, there are three main zones of specialization of agriculture: Polesie, Forest-steppe and Steppe, as well as before mountainous regions Crimea and the Carpathians.
Polissya agricultural zone occupies the north of Ukraine - Zhytomyr, Rivne, Volyn regions, the north of Kiev, Chernigov and Sumy regions and gives a quarter of meat and milk, three quarters of flax fiber, a third of potatoes and a tenth of grain (rye, buckwheat, wheat and oats).
Forest-steppe(part of Lviv and Chernivtsi regions, east of Ivano-Frankivsk, Khmelnytsky, Vinnytsia, north of Cherkasy, Kirovograd, Poltava and Kharkov regions) with a sugar-beet-grain zone, meat and dairy cattle breeding and pig breeding. The main grain crop is wheat, there is also corn, barley, buckwheat, millet. Vegetables and potatoes, gardening are widespread.
Steppe zone occupies 40% of the territory of Ukraine, covering all southern branches with grain and oilseeds, vegetable growing, melon growing, dairy and meat cattle breeding, pig and sheep breeding. The bulk of the country's commercial grain is produced here.
Foothills and mountainous regions of the Carpathians specialize in cattle. There are crops of oats, corn, rye, wheat, etc. In Transcarpathia, winter wheat, corn, tobacco are sown, there is gardening and viticulture, productive livestock.
Foothills and mountain regions of Crimea occupy the south of the peninsula. Specialization - animal husbandry and especially sheep breeding. Horticulture, vegetable growing, viticulture are developed in the valleys and foothills, essential oil crops are grown. Vegetable and dairy zones are being formed around big cities.
Placement of branches of primary processing of agricultural raw materials. These industries include meat, dairy, sugar, flour and cereals, canning, butter and starch and syrup. The most important factors location of industries Food Industry are the number and density of the population, raw material base, forms of organization of production, transport. Natural conditions and scientific and technological progress objectively influence the location of the food industry. Depending on the influence of the main factors, the primary processing industries of agricultural raw materials are divided into three groups:
Focused on the sources of raw materials (sugar, alcohol, canning, fruit and vegetable, butter industry);
Gravitating to places of consumption of finished products (bakery, brewing, pasta, dairy, confectionery);
Focused on both raw materials and consumers (meat, flour, tobacco).
To determine the main factor, cost rates and the share of raw materials in comparison with finished products are taken into account.
