Gorky Iron. Gorkovskaya railway

The road is located in Nizhny Novgorod. The road was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor ().

Gorky Order of the Red Banner of Labor railway
Full title	Branch of Russian Railways - Gorkovskaya railway
Years of work	from May 9
Country	the USSR the USSR(until 1991), Russia Russia
City of government	Nizhny Novgorod
State	acting
Subordination	JSC "Russian Railways"
Telegraph code	GOR (Also use "GRK")
Numeric Code	24
Awards
Length	5296 km (operational)
Site	gzd.rzd.ru
Media files at Wikimedia Commons

The road was formed in accordance with the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 406 of May 6, 1961. The railway included sections of the Gorky and Kazan railways, which in turn were formed from the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow-Kazan, Vyatsko-Dvinskaya railways.

The total length of the main railway lines is 7987 km. The total deployed track length is &&&&&&&&&&& 012066.400000 12,066.4 km.

History

Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod road

The first projects for the construction of the Nizhny Novgorod railway date back to the 30s of the 19th century. The construction of a network of railways, among which one of the first was Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod, Russia was able to start only at the end of the 1850s.

Construction was carried out on two sites. Work on the Moscow - Vladimir section began in the first half of May 1858. On the Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod section, construction began only in the spring of 1859. The official opening of train traffic for 177 miles from Moscow to Vladimir took place in the summer of 1861. Construction work proceeded at a much slower pace at the site Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod... The construction of this part of the road took more than a year. The Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was completely opened to traffic on August 1, 1862. After 30 years, the Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod line became double-track.

State of the art

In 2009, two suburban companies were created: OJSC Volgo-Vyatka Passenger Company (jointly with the Nizhny Novgorod and Kirov regions) and OJSC Sodruzhestvo (jointly with the republics of Tatarstan and Udmurtia).

In the competition "Innovation of the region-2009", held by the government of the Nizhny Novgorod region, in the nomination "Transport and logistics" the winner was GZD, having presented a project for organizing high-speed traffic on the direction Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow. In 2009, the number of tickets sold over the Internet reached 405,000.

The most popular trains are Vyatka (Kirov - Moscow), Volga (Nizhny Novgorod - St. Petersburg), Nizhny Novgorod - Adler, Chuvashia (Cheboksary - Moscow) and Burevestnik (Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow, from June 2014 replaced by Lastochka trains).

High-speed traffic

Gorky railway plans to compete air transport carrying passengers on the route Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow.

On April 28, 2013, the Lastochka high-speed electric train was launched on the Gorkovskaya Main Line, covering the distance from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod in 4 hours. Since June 1, 2015, Talgo 250 electric trains under the Strizh brand name began to run on this route instead of Sapsans, their travel time is 3 hours 35 minutes.

Perspectives

To increase the capacity, the possibility of organizing heavy traffic is being considered. In the summer of 2012, a train weighing 16 thousand tons was sent from Lyangasovo to Sharya (SZD). A similar super heavyweight was already held in December 2011. Two VL80 locomotives carried the train to Cherepovets, where it was divided into two trains.

Activity

In 2007, the railway loaded 112,441 containers (of which 30,980 were large-tonnage). Loading into containers amounted to 907.6 thousand tons of cargo (of which 621.3 thousand tons in large-tonnage).

In 2009, the volume of loading amounted to 36 million 936.7 thousand tons, 59 million 734.0 thousand passengers were sent (in suburban traffic 52 million 735.5 thousand), passenger turnover amounted to 12 billion 433.7 million pass km ... During the year, 2951 trains weighing more than 6500 tons were carried.

Transfers to regional, local budgets and extra-budgetary funds in 2009 amounted to 7.645 billion rubles. In 2008-2009, GZD donated funds for the restoration of the church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in the village of Gorevo, Nizhny Novgorod Region.

Road structure

Infrastructure

Management

In 1863-1868, the head of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod road was Ivan Koenig, from 1868 to 1893 - Ivan Rerberg. The first head of the Gorky railway in 1936 was Arseny Fedotovich Badashev, who was repressed a year later. In just the first five years, six chiefs were replaced on the Gorky road.

Road leaders Chief Engineers

• - Loginov Mikhail Vasilievich
• - Ryabkov Alexander Nikolaevich
• - Andrey Ischenko

Notes (edit)

1. History of the road Archived January 11, 2012 at the Wayback Machine, gzd.rzd.ru
2. Gorkovskaya railway // Great encyclopedia transport: In 8 t. / Ch. ed. NS Konarev .. - 2nd ed. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2003. - T. 4 (Railway transport). - S. 95-97. - 15,000 copies -

The Gorkovskaya main line serves the Middle Volga and the Urals. It connects the central and north-western regions of Russia with the Urals, opening an exit to Siberia and Far East... Mainly served by Privolzhsky federal district, but several hundred kilometers of its lines pass through the neighboring Central and Ural districts, there is one station in the North-West.

In total, the service area of ​​the Gorky Railway includes 15 regions of Russia, among which 6 republic-face:

• The Republic of Mordovia;
• Chuvash Republic;
• Udmurtia;
• Republic of Tatarstan;
• Mari El Republic;
• Republic of Bashkortostan.

AND 8 areas:

• Moscow;
• Vla-Dimirskaya;
• Nizhny Novgorod;
• Kirovskaya;
• Sverdlovsk;
• Vologda;
• Ryazan;
• Ulyanovsk;
• Perm region.

Nizhny Novgorod Region- 77 thousand sq. Km. territory and 3.5 million inhabitants.

V Nizhny Novgorod located the biggest on the Gorkovskaya railway railway station.

There is a road leader for loading near the center of the region. (station Zeletsino).

Importantshipper region - OJSC "Vyksa Metallurgical Plant" is the world's largest manufacturer of wheels for rail vehicles.

At the station Nizhny Novgorod - Sorting up to 70 trains are formed.

Mari El Republic - 23 thousand sq. Km. and 750 thousand inhabitants. Building materials, timber, glass, oil products are sent from the republic.

Chuvash Republic - 18 thousand sq. Km. and 1.35 million inhabitants. Chemical, foundry, machine building, car building and car repair receive products and raw materials by rail.

Kirov region- 120 thousand sq. Km. and 1.5 million inhabitants. Train Station, which is located in the center of Kirov, is one of the top three on the road in terms of the number of passengers sent. A large tracking station is Lyangasovo.

Udmurtia- 42 thousand sq. Km. and 1.6 million inhabitants. Many enterprises located in Izhevsk, Glazov, Sarapul send and receive dozens of freight cars every day.

Vladimir region- the road lines run in the center, south and eastern parts region. The stations are located in the largest cities: Vladimir, Kovrov, Murom, Gus-Khrustalny. Enterprises of the construction industry, glass industry and mechanical engineering receive their products by rail.

Republic of Tatarstan- 67.8 thousand sq. Km. and 1.1 million inhabitants. Two large marshalling yards are Agryz and Yudino. GZD works with enterprises in the city of Zelenodolsk, with agricultural producers.

Currently, the line includes 5 regional centers:

• Muromsky;
• Gorkovsky;
• Kirovsky;
• Kazansky;
• Izhevsky.

Main lines of the highway are two parallel latitudinal directions connected with each other:

Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Kirov;

Moscow - Kazan - Yekaterinburg.

The main tracks of the road are equipped mainly with R-65 heavy rails.

A neutral section of the Trans-Siberian Railway runs along the GZD, hence its great transit importance. Nevertheless, the GRR's area of ​​responsibility is also a territory of significant initial shipment of goods, including oil and products of its processing, products of chemical enterprises and enterprises producing agricultural fertilizers, enterprises metallurgical complex and mechanical engineering, enterprises for the procurement and processing of forest products, construction cargo.

Road services are used by 205 administrative-territorial regions where lives more than 14 million people... Passing through the territories where the largest number of Russian million-plus cities are concentrated, GR is one of the roads with the highest passenger traffic.

Operates on the Gorky Railway 373 stations... Above 250 stations carry out cargo operations. Large marshalling yards of the Russian Railways network - Nizhniy Novgorod-Sortirovochny, Lyangasovo, Agryz, Yudino.

GZhD- one of the most technically equipped roads Russian Federation... The share of electric traction in transportation is about 90 percent.

The operational length of the road is 5,331.4 km.

The total deployed track length is 11,873.2 km.

The extended length of the access roads is 677.84 km.

The extended length of the station tracks is 3,129.98 km.

The total length of electrified tracks is 7,318.1 km.

74 cities stand on GZhD lines, in close proximity to them, or on access roads leading to its stations.

The total length of the main railway lines - 7,959.4 km(this is comparable to the total length of the railway network in Hungary).

The area of ​​the territory served by the Gorkovskaya railway is 390,000 m2(this is larger than, for example, Japan, Germany or Finland).

GZhD is a vivid example of how the unique experience of the oldest representatives of the industry is skillfully complemented by new technologies and modern approaches to business process management.

Gorkovskaya- the only railway in the world that bears the name of the writer. But it is also true that it is named after a railway worker. After all, Maxim Gorky wrote his first published story "Makar Chudra" in the summer of 1892, while working in the workshops of the Transcaucasian railways in Tiflis. By the way, one of the most beloved passenger branded trains- "Petrel" - also got its name in memory of the writer.

A new page in the history of magi-strali was opened by the project of high-speed traffic on the line Nizhny Novgorod-Moscow-St. Petersburg. Before the launch of the high-speed traffic project, the running time of trains ranged from 5 hours 20 minutes to 8 hours. Today it is 3 hours 35 minutes

April 28, 2013 A high-speed electric train "Lastochka" was launched on the Gorkovskaya Main Line, covering the distance from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod in 4 hours.

June 1, 2015 at the Kursk railway station in Moscow, a solemn event was held dedicated to the departure of the new high-speed electric train Talgo 250 under the brand name on the first flight with passengers "Swift" on the route Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod. The Strizh Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod train is capable of carrying over 400 passengers... The train includes carriages with seating for the 1st and 2nd classes, SV (VIP) cars, a buffet car and a restaurant car. All carriages are equipped with air conditioning systems and environmentally friendly toilet facilities. Travel time is 3 hours 35 minutes.

August 3, 2014 on the first Sunday in August - the day when employees of Russian railways traditionally celebrate their professional holiday - the Museum of the History and Development of the Gorky Railway was opened.

Main goals Gorky railway - timely and high-quality provision, in cooperation with other organizations, of the needs of the state, legal entities and individuals in railway transportation, related works and services, provision of services to infrastructure users railway transport.

Gorkovskaya road borders with railways:

• Moscow (Petushka and Cherusti station);
• Sverdlovsk (station Cheptsa, Druzhinino);
• North (st. Novki, Susolovka, Svecha);
• Kuibyshevskaya (station Krasny Uzel, Tsilna, Alnashi).

Gorkovskaya railway originates from the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod road, the first construction projects of which date back to the 30s of the 19th century. The Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was completely opened to traffic in August 1862. Within its present borders, the Gorkovskaya railway was formed in 1961 as a result of the merger of the Gorkovskaya and Kazan railways.

The Gorky railway runs mainly along territory Nizhny Novgorod, Vladimir, Kirov regions, partly the republics of Mordovia, Tatarstan, Mari El, Bashkiria, Chuvashia, Udmurtia, as well as Ryazan, Perm, Sverdlovsk regions. The road is controlled from Nizhny Novgorod. The Gorkovskaya road connects the Central, North-Western and Northern regions of Russia with the Volga region, the Urals and Siberia. The road serves 6 republics within the Russian Federation (Mordovia, Chuvashia, Udmurtia, Tatarstan, Mari-El, Bashkortostan) and 8 regions (Moscow, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov, Perm, Yekatirenburg, Vologda, Ryazan) by transport. The road services are used by 205 administrative-territorial regions, where more than 14 million people live.

V composition The Gorkovskaya railway includes 6 branches: Muromskoye, Gorkovskoye (Nizhegorodskoye), Kirovskoye, Kazanskoye, Izhevskoye, Vladimirskoye.

The highway has 432 stations, including 7 large marshalling yards.

The main nodal stations railway: Vladimir, Novki, Kovrov, Gorky-Sortirovochny, Kotelnich, Kirov, Lyangasovo, Murom, Arzamas, Krasny Uzel, Kanash, Sviyazhsk, Zelyony Dol, Yudino, Agryz.

General extent roads - 5589.1 km - fall on two parallel latitudinal directions: Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod-Kirov and Moscow-Kazan-Yekaterinburg, connected by rockets. Both directions are electrified. The share of electric traction in transportation is 88%. The rest of the transportation is carried out by diesel locomotives.

Freight traffic Gorky railway exceeded the freight turnover of the combined railways of England, France, Italy, Holland, Belgium. The Gorkovskaya Railway ranks third in the Russian Federation in terms of freight turnover. The most massive cargo are: petroleum and chemical, mineral fertilizers, automobiles, construction and timber materials. The road serves large industrial enterprises such as the Gorkovsky, Izhevsky and Pavlovsky automobile plants, large machine-building plants in Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov, Kazan, Izhevsk, Vladimir, chemical enterprises producing agricultural fertilizers in the cities of Dzerzhinsk and Kirov-Chepetsk, the Kstovsky oil refinery, enterprises of the metallurgical complex and procurement and processing of forest products, deposits of building materials, peat, as well as agricultural areas for the production of grain, flax and areas of developed animal husbandry. In the total volume of freight turnover, transit is 35%, imports 25%, exports 21% and local traffic 18%. Among the transit cargoes, the largest share are coal, timber, ferrous metals, ore, oil cargo, engineering products and grain cargo. Import: coal, metals, building materials, certain types of petroleum products, light and Food Industry... Export: timber, cars, oil cargo, engineering products. In local traffic, mainly construction materials, peat, timber, agricultural goods are transported. Trains from Moscow and St. Petersburg to the Urals, Siberia and the Far East pass through the Gorky railway. Now the Gorky Railway is going through a period of financial recovery, if not an upsurge. Up to 80% of income is collected in cash.

Development prospects... The Gorkovskaya highway is one of the most technically equipped roads in the Russian Federation. The "Program for the Development of Telecommunications and Informatization of the Gorky Railway for the Period 2000-2005" has been developed, which defines the following priority areas for the development of telecommunications:

• construction and operation of a single backbone digital communication network of the Ministry of Railways based on fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL);
• modernization of operational and technological cable and radio communications based on fiber-optic communication lines and digital communication systems; introduction of digital automatic telephone exchanges;
• creation of an informatization infrastructure;
• introduction of modern complexes of control information technologies.

All activities carried out within the framework of the program are aimed at improving the quality and reliability of communications in order to increase traffic safety and the efficiency of the railway as a whole.

The implementation of the program will allow connecting all departments, railway junctions and main stations of the road with a digital network of operational and technological communication (466 OTS stations), organized via fiber-optic lines with a length of 4934 km.

Major capital investment aimed at improving the quality of repair and maintenance of the track. As a result, the speed of movement of trains on the Moscow - Nizhniy Novgorod section is currently 140 km per hour, and by 2004. will increase to 200 km / h. Investments should be aimed at providing the railways with powerful equipment. Today, 12 licensed track machines operate at GZD, machine complexes and resource-saving technologies are effectively used. The main task is to optimize costs without compromising traffic safety.
At a meeting dedicated to the Second International Transport Corridor (ITC-2), which runs along the Berlin-Warsaw-Minsk-Moscow route with a total length of 1,830 km, its extension to Nizhny Novgorod was approved. The meeting participants recognized that the Nizhny Novgorod region is ready to become the center of the state's transport policy and unite two great transport routes

continent: from West to East and from South to North. Western investors are ready to invest about $ 800 million in the project.
GR has the necessary equipment, technology and infrastructure for joint international transport, and is ready to lead all the work on the preparation and subsequent operation of the transport corridor within the Volga Federal District.
Over the past two years, the management of GZhD has carried out a number of large-scale projects related to the repair, reconstruction and modernization of the railway infrastructure. In Nizhny Novgorod, a regional traffic control center was created, where today all dispatching and control processes are automated. Modern information and telecommunication technologies are being commissioned.

Bibliography

1) Great Soviet Encyclopedia

2) Internet site of the Gorky Railway http://www.unn.runnet.ru/rus/volgovyt/nizhobl/traning/

3) RIA-Novosti

4) Nizhny Novgorod Telegraph Agency

5) Information and Publishing Center "CONNECT!"

6) Internet Agency of the Ministry of Railways of Russia

The history of the Gorky railway

The Gorky railway line is one of the oldest roads, which originates from the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway, which passed through the Moscow, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod provinces. V Russian Empire she became the seventh in a row.

The construction of a railway in this region was necessary. Since 1817, when the famous Makaryevskaya Fair was moved to Nizhny Novgorod, the city became one of the most important and important shopping centers Russia. The railway line opened up the possibility of more convenient and quick delivery of goods to the Nizhny Novgorod fair, and also connected the Center of Russia with the Volga region and the eastern regions of the country, and supplied Moscow with food.

The first application for the construction of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was received by the Main Directorate of Railways and Public Buildings from the State Councilor Vonlyarovsky in 1847. The final construction project was approved in 1857. In the same year, the Main Society of Russian Railways was created in Russia, which was entrusted with the construction of 4 roads, including the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod one. The railway line passed through Moscow, Pokrov, Vladimir, Kovrov, Vyazniki, Gorokhovets, Nizhny Novgorod. The construction was divided into two sections: Moscow - Vladimir and Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod. The construction of the first began in the spring of 1858, and the second in the spring of 1859. The general management of the construction was transferred to French engineers, and the practical part was carried out by Russian specialists. Serfs and civilian workers were involved in the construction. The work was exhausting, the norms were unbearable, and besides, they often deceived and cheated illiterate peasants. They lived in dugouts, provided themselves with food and clothing. Of the tools were a pick, a shovel, and a wheelbarrow.

The through traffic of trains between Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod was opened on August 2 (15), 1862.

The first station of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was located on the left bank of the Oka River, flooded with a spring flood, in the Kunavinskaya Sloboda. The Moscow highway ran near the line of this railway, and the Nizhegorodskaya fair was located not far from the station complex. To ensure the delivery of goods from river docks from the station, special connecting branches were arranged.

The first steam locomotives and carriages were purchased abroad, although steam locomotives were built there according to Russian drawings. The first domestic railway workshops for the conversion of foreign cars were built in Kovrov in 1861.

In January 1894, the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was bought into the treasury and, together with the Murom, became part of the Moscow-Kursk railway, where it was until 1936.

In the early 90s of the XIX century, a project of the Moscow-Kazan railway line was being developed. In 1891, the Society of the Moscow-Kazan Railway was created, headed by the son of the famous railway magnate Nikolai Karlovich von Meck. The company receives concessions from the state for the construction of lines: Ryazan - Ruzaevka - Alatyr - Kazan; Green Dol- Kazan; Timiryazevo - Nizhny Novgorod (via Lukoyanov and Arzamas); Moscow - Murom - Arzamas - Shikhrany (Kanash) - Kazan - Yekaterinburg (latitudinal line). The society of the Moscow-Kursk railway sent the final section of the latitudinal course from Krasnaya Gorka (Yudino) station through Sarapul and Krasnoufimsk to Yekaterinburg. The N. Novgorod - Kotelnich line was supposed to bring the distant outskirts of the Kostroma and Nizhny Novgorod provinces, which had huge reserves of wood, closer to the center. For this it was necessary to build a bridge across the Volga, but its construction was postponed due to the outbreak of the First World War.

Thus, in 1890-1917, 1,877 km of lines were built in the regions of the future Gorky railway, which later became part of the mainline. Although these lines have not yet developed into a single, convenient system focused on Moscow and big cities Russia, trains have already arrived in Kazan and Vyatka. Thanks to this, the Volga region received a serious impetus to economic development... The large-scale construction of railway lines was interrupted by the turbulent historical events of the early 20th century: the revolution, Civil War... The decree of June 28, 1918 formalized the nationalization of private railways, and the management of them was transferred to the People's Commissariat of Railways.

The Kotelnich - Nizhny Novgorod line was commissioned in 1927. In summer, N. Novgorod's connection with this line was by ferry, and in winter, a railway track was laid on the ice. In 1935, a railway bridge was built across the Volga, traffic on which opened in May.

In May 1936, Gorkovskaya and Kazanskaya were separated from the old railways with management in Gorky and Kazan. In 1941-1945. the railway worked in wartime conditions: the evacuation of the population and enterprises to the rear areas, the delivery of troops, ammunition and food to the front line, special forces of the NKPS, VEO.

After the war, the railway gradually returned to a peaceful life. In 1946, the construction of a semi-automatic blocking was resumed with the replacement of semaphores with traffic lights.

In 1954, among locomotive crews the movement of "heavyweights" began, which contributed to a decrease in the cost of goods and an increase in the throughput of railways. The movement of passenger and freight trains on steam traction was carried out until 1962.

Since 1959, the electrification of sections of the Gorky railway began, which was completed in the northern direction by 1964, and in the southern direction by 1987. In May 1961, the Kazan Railway became part of the Gorky Railway. In 1968, a road information and computing center began to operate, and in 1997 the construction of a digital information and communication system using fiber-optic technologies began.

In 2003, the open joint-stock company Russian Railways was formed, with the Gorky Railroad becoming its branch.

On December 27, 2002, the traffic opened fast train"Burevestnik" N. Novgorod - Moscow. On July 30, 2010, the opening of the high-speed traffic N. Novgorod - Moscow took place: the high-speed train "Sapsan" began to move. Since 2013, a project for intermodal passenger transportation from railway station Kazan before international airport. Significant event 2013-2014 preparation for the XXVII World Student Summer Universiade in Kazan and the XXII Winter Olympic Games, their transport support.