Provinces of france what to call a research work. Provinces of France. Southern Pyrenees and Languedoc-Roussillon

The French kingdom was traditionally subdivided into provinces (in Russian terminology, historical regions), and on March 4, 1790 (during the French Revolution), France was divided into departments in order to replace the loyalty of the population to its ... ... Wikipedia

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Associations of professional and amateur historians. Most I. about. He considers his tasks, first of all, to study the nat. and local history, collection and publication of sources, preparation and publication of printed works (including methodological manuals on ... ... Soviet Historical Encyclopedia

We are going to the capital of Perigord, to Perigueux. His Old city considered one of the most beautiful in France. Geraniums in pink and red form a photogenic contrast to the stone of the houses. Pilgrims from the British Isles sailed by boat and then headed south across the then very inhospitable land. The first vineyards soon arrive.

Sauvignon, Muscadelle and Semillon grapes are grown here and are turned into dry white wine. Because we are now in the Bordeaux wine region. As an outstretched hand, the Gironde shows in the north of Bordeaux. The Garonne and Dordogne formed this 75 km and 15 km estuary.

Scientific institutions that collect, store, study and popularize monuments of material and spiritual culture, reflecting the development of human society. Historical museums have either a wide historical profile or general history museums ... ...

Scientific research, scientific institutions engaged in research work in the field of history. In pre-revolutionary Russia, the centers of scientific work in the field of history were the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, universities, and Historical Societies. After… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia

But she's not only impressive and powerful. For the passionate winemaker, great wines are a great art. He is not only passionate about the expansion of intense, internationally superbly decorated red wines. On a regular basis, guests can also visit the old family estate. There are exhibitions and concerts. Artists design labels, and even wall paint blends in with stainless steel tanks or barrels in which wines mature for 12-24 months. Old from time to time windmill pulls its wooden wings to the sky.

Voluntary national and local associations of professional and amateur historians. Most I. about. He considers his tasks primarily to be the study of national or local history, collection and publication of sources, preparation and ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

This term has other meanings, see Center. Center Center ... Wikipedia

During the summer, the miller demonstrates how the flour was ground once. After that, you can take the pancake bag from the mobile home at the campsite. It is a pilgrimage site for snacks all summer long. Hazelnut paste, which, when crushed with lemon juice and some water, acquires an elastic consistency. In the museum behind him we meet Romain Noyes. His parents, who accidentally came to Bordeaux at a young age, spontaneously fell in love with the house and the area. Today there are four employees and a bakery.

But the recipe, which is always based on three kilograms of hazelnuts, is still the same as it once was. In the 1980s, Angelica Hermann from Memmingen studied at Pau. Meanwhile, she and her husband are sheep. For their wooden house in the oyster harbor are pools where oysters are watered when they are taken out of the sea for a short time. While Thierry scratches foreign bodies from shells with a mixture of lime, sand and water, Angelica Herman shows off the wire mesh bags. They protect oysters from entering the open sea from the current.

List of castles in France by region (21 regions on the continent) and departments (indicated by the coat of arms and serial number). The meaning of the French word castle (fr. Château [chateau]) is much broader than Russian: it is also called palaces (often on the spot ... ... Wikipedia

History of France Portal France ... Wikipedia

Portal France Prehistoric France Before the Cro-Magnons: Olduvai, Abbeville, Acheul, Mus ... Wikipedia

You have to rotate them three to four years. Therefore, they are fed evenly with food and get a pleasant shape. They are then ready for sale. Where the oyster beds lie, it is better to see from above. From the dune du Pilate, the most high dunes in Europe, the look is overwhelming. It is especially pleasant to climb a 110-meter evening evening on a three-kilometer sand wall. Behind us are endless pine forests country. We will explore them by bike. Whole beach stretches are now empty, and seaside resorts life starts a little later and quieter.

What are we allowing ourselves to finish? One "Plat du Mer" - what else? One of the most beautiful countries Europe for cycling is France. Unlike bike tours and cycling, neither direction nor time is at the forefront, but a cozy and healthy progress with a pleasant perception of natural landscapes and attractive surroundings. In this respect, France offers thrilling experiences and relaxation in its shape. Outside the big cities, France is a very sparsely populated country, which means that bikers can move smoothly along cycle streets despite marked cycle paths.

Books

• Versailles (number of volumes: 2), Baridon Michel. This edition includes historical essays based on achievements modern science as well as a series of gorgeous photographs. It contains detailed articles by various authors, among ...

“Paris is not France,” not only those French who live outside the capital say so, but even many Parisians. Paris is certainly beautiful, but you can see the real, original France only when you visit the beautiful French provinces... After all, there and only there you can feel the real French spirit, see the real French and marvel at the splendor of the amazing architectural monuments French Middle Ages.

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Tour program:

• 1 day. 09/22/2018, Saturday.
• 4.00 - Meeting with a guide at the Pulkovo airport at the check-in counters for the flight.
  Departure from St. Petersburg to Frankfurt am Main flight by Lufthansa at 05.55
• 07.55 - Arrival at Frankfurt am Main airport.
  Meeting with the guide in front of the counters passport control... Receipt of baggage. Boarding the bus.
  Please arrive at Frankfurt Airport no later than 08.00.
• Moving to France, to the province of Alsace,
  with a stop for lunch at a roadside German restaurant serving traditional local cuisine.
• Arrival in the capital of Alsace - the city of Strasbourg.
  Alsace is a picturesque province located on the border of France and Germany and belonged to Germany along with neighboring Lorraine during the period between the two World Wars. In Alsace, there are many peculiar "Franco-German" traditions and one might even say, its own language, which is an original mixture of French and German.
  The stork is the symbol of Alsace, as many of these wonderful birds can be seen in the province. The stork is even depicted at the Cathedral of the capital of Alsace - Strasbourg.
• Excursion to the historical part of Strasbourg with a tour of one of the most famous cathedrals in Europe Notre Dame and the picturesque half-timbered region "Petite France"
• Free time with the opportunity to climb observation deck Cathedral,
  from where a wonderful view of the whole city opens, buy souvenirs, taste the famous "Strasbourg pie" ("tart flambé"), washed down with fine Alsatian wine ...
• Moving along the picturesque Alsatian Valley, bordered on one side by the Vosges mountains, and on the other - by the Rhine riverbed, to the town of Colmar - "Venice of Alsace".
• Walking through the city of Colmar,
  teeming with old graceful half-timbered houses and canals. Being in Colmar, you completely immerse yourself in the atmosphere of the magical Middle Ages!
• Overnight at the hotel in Alsace.
• 2nd day. 09/23/2018, Sunday.
• Breakfast in the hotel. Province of Franche-Comté.
• A short transfer to the town of Belfort.
  Belfort is a transport hub located at the passage between the Vosges and Jura mountains, called the "Burgundy Gate", since it is here that the route from Alsace to Burgundy is laid.
  Belfort is located in the province of Franche-Comté, which is considered one of the smallest in the country. Since the X century, these lands belonged to the county of Burgundy, and the name Franche-Comté, which translates as "free county", appeared only in the second half of the XIV century. The region is now famous for its natural attractions, wine and cheese production. Due to the large number of forests, mountains and bodies of water, travelers choose the Franche-Comté region for active rest... People come here to go hunting or fishing, go to hiking trip or go skiing.
  Belfort in the past was a fortress that withstood a series of sieges (1814, 1815, 1870-1871) and functioned until the First World War.
  Belfort is one of best places in France from the point of view of ecology and you feel it literally right away, thanks to the tasty, rich air, which is a pleasure to breathe.
• Guided walking tour of the city of Belfort:
  quiet history Center on the banks of the river at the foot of the massive Citadel, built by the famous fortifier Vauban on the site medieval fortress... Nowadays, the Museum of Art and History is located on the territory of the Citadel (entrance ticket - 4 euros). Also, of course, the statue of the Lion of Belfort by Bartholdi, carved out of stone, is worth noticing.
• Moving to Besancon, the capital of the Franche-Comté region. City Tour,
  known since ancient Roman times: the Besançon fortress, designed by Vauban (in 2008, these fortifications were declared UNESCO monuments World heritage); Ancient Roman Black Gate; Cathedral Saint-Jean, built in the XI-XIII centuries; The house where Victor Hugo was born ... and more. Free time.
• Moving to the province of Auvergne. Overnight at the hotel in the Clermont-Ferrand area of ​​the Comfort Hotel Clermont Saint Jacques Clermond-Ferrand.
• 3rd day. 09/24/2018, Monday.
• Breakfast in the hotel. Provinces of Auvergne and Midi-Pyrenees
• Arrival in the capital of the province of Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand.
  The Auvergne region boasts fantastic nature, the main highlight of which is the volcanic landscape with numerous thermal resorts, among which is the famous Vichy - a popular thermal center since the 16th century. Mountain chain Puy stretches over 80 km, including 80 domed mountains and craters. In addition, Auvergne is famous for its cheeses.
  The capital of Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand is located at the foot of the Puy-de-Dôme volcano with a height of 1465 meters. The city is home to the headquarters of Michelin, a renowned tire manufacturer and travel guide.
• Walk in Clermont-Ferrand
  with a tour of the main symbol of the city - the Cathedral, as well as the Romanesque Basilica of Notre Dame du Port, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
• A short transfer to the very foot of the Puy-de-Dôme volcano
  with the opportunity to climb on a special tourist train to its top, from where a magnificent panoramic view of the surroundings with a fantastic volcanic landscape and where the ruins of the Roman Temple of Mercury are located ... (Train tickets are paid additionally - about 13 euros).
• Moving to one of the most scenic spots France - the village of Rocamadour,
  located in the north of the administrative region of the South - Pyrenees.
  South - Pyrenees - a region in the southern part of France with the administrative center in the city of Toulouse. This region is considered the largest in the country. The South Pyrenees region was formed on the lands of Occitania, which previously belonged to the historical provinces of Gascony, Languedoc, Quercy and Rouergue. Tourists can imagine the region from various angles - as the birthplace of the prototype of the famous Gascon d'Artagnan and the master of painting Henri Toulouse-Lautrec, Roquefort cheese, Airbuses, as the land where you can find caves with traces of stay ancient man, the remains of ancient Roman buildings, medieval castles and cathedrals.
• The village of Rocamadour is located on an almost sheer cliff.
  This is truly one of the most beautiful and unusual places on the ground!
  Rocamadour got its name in honor of the local hermit saint who settled on the local rocks. Saint Amadur was canonized, and already in the XII century it turned out that his relics were miraculous. There is also the famous miraculous statue of the Black Madonna. It is said that every time a miracle occurs, a bell rings in the castle chapel. Rocamadour is an important site for Catholic pilgrimage. And here, probably, the most delicious goat cheese in the world is made! Inspection of the village, free time.
• Transfer to the hotel. Overnight at the hotel in the Premiere Classe Limoges area of ​​the city of Limoges.
• 4th day. 09/25/2018, Tuesday.
• Breakfast in the hotel. Province of Pays de Loire.
• Moving to the valley itself long river France - Loire.
  The Loire is called the "Queen of the French Rivers" for its picturesque banks, its historical role and the fact that a large number of various castles of different eras are located in its valley and in the valleys of the rivers flowing into it.
• Loire Valley Drive:
  Inspection of the castle of Monsoreau (15th century), which gained worldwide fame thanks to the novel by Dumas "The Countess de Monsoreau". (entrance about 10 euros)
• Visit to the old town of Saumur with a tour of the local medieval castle (10-15 centuries).
  (entrance about 7 euros - possible only if there are no delays or delays in the program of the current day)
• Saumur is a city located in the Maine-Loire department of the Loire-Pays region.
  It is located on both banks of the Loire River, at the confluence of the Thue River. Saumur is one of the tourist and wine-growing centers of the region. It is known for its liqueurs and sparkling wines, medieval sights, and its famous natives - fashion designer Coco Chanel and film actress Fanny Ardant. The main attraction of the city is the Saumur castle, whose history began in the 10th century with the construction by the Comte de Blois small fort and the monastery. The castle is considered one of the most beautiful castles located in the Loire Valley. The beauty of the castle delighted King René the Good, who was also a poet and praised Saumur as a castle of love in the novel Heart Captivated by Love.
  Saumur is surrounded on all sides by vineyards. The peculiarities of the local soil and climate make it possible to grow grapes here, suitable for the production of sparkling wines. Many wineries and wine cellars can be found in Saumur and the villages around it. Another local product of Saumur is champignons, which produce most of the entire mushroom harvest in France.
• Overnight at Hotel Kyriad Les Ponts de Ce.
• Day 5. 09/26/2018, Wednesday
• Breakfast in the hotel. Province of Pays de Loire
• Visit to the town of Angers with a tour of the local castle (entrance fee is about 9 euros).
  Angers is the main locality the ancient province of Anjou, located on the banks of the Maine River flowing into the Loire. It has long been called "Black Angers" because of the dark color of the stone quarried here since the 9th century. A short excursion around the compact old town center: Saint-Maurice Cathedral, Saint-Aubin Abbey, Episcopal Palace, etc.
• Short drive through the province of Anjou.
• Visit to one of the traditional wine farms and Tasting the famous Anjou wines
  with the possibility of buying the ones you like most. Angevin wines are the favorite drink of the Dumas Musketeers. The Anjou region has been the official supplier of wines to the table of the British Royal Court for a long time. And the most important thing is that, due to the natural fruity sweetish taste, it is the Angevin wines that, as a rule, are most to the taste of most of our compatriots against the background of a huge number of other wonderful French wines!
• Small transfer to Nantes.
  Nantes is the administrative center of the Pays de Loire region - in the past the main residence of the Dukes of Brittany.
  Sightseeing tour of the city with an external inspection of the castle Dukes of Brittany and the city's Cathedral. The Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul in Nantes is the cathedral of the Diocese of Nantes, the largest Gothic church in historical Brittany and one of the largest in all of France, just 6 meters below Notre Dame Cathedral, and even surpasses it in terms of the height of the nave under the arches. In the XIII-XVI centuries, Nantes was the residence of the dukes of Brittany, and after the annexation of Brittany to the French crown - the Breton residence of the kings of France.
• Transfer to the hotel. Overnight at the Hotel Campanile Rennes Saint Jacques Saint Jacques de la Lande.
• 6th day. 09/27/2018, Thursday.
• Breakfast in the hotel. Brittany - Normandy
• In the morning we are in Brittany.
  It is a region in northwestern France that makes up most of the historic region of the same name.
  Brittany is located in the north-west of the country, on the peninsula of the same name, washed from the north by the English Channel, and from the south by the Bay of Biscay. Administrative center region - the city of Rennes. From 440 to 600, several waves of Britons migrated from the British Isles followed. During the wars with the Franks, the Bretons defend their independence, and in the next millennium Brittany becomes an independent duchy. Throughout the Middle Ages, Brittany maneuvered between France and England. In 1532 it is part of France.
• We make a short trip to the ancient walled city of Saint-Malo
  on the picturesque shores of the English Channel, which in the old days was the capital of the Breton pirates. Saint-Malo is located on an island, surrounded by ancient fortress walls and has preserved, despite the destruction of the war, a considerable part of its historical buildings. Walk around the city and free time.
• Small transfer to the Gothic Abbey of Saint-Michel,
  towering on a rocky mountain above the waters of the English Channel, called by many a real Wonder of the World and located in the very west of the province of Normandy.
  The abbey crowns the top of a small rocky islet. The rest of the island's space is occupied by the village of Mont Saint-Michel (Saint Michael's Hill) - a very exotic settlement, in which there is practically not a single flat, horizontal street and where you can only move up and down, bypassing the island in a spiral manner. Particularly impressive is Mont Saint-Michel from a distance, when you approach it from the land side or approach it from the sea It seems as if it is some kind of fabulous, magical castle that has just emerged from the cold waters of the English Channel and is ready to dive there again at any moment. Sightseeing. (Entrance to the interior of the Abbey for an additional fee of approx. 12 euros).
• Overnight at the hotel in the Normandy area of ​​Caen Hotel Campanile Caen Nord Herouville Saint Clair.
• 7th day. 09/28/2018, Friday.
• Breakfast in the hotel. Drive around Normandy.
  Normandy is the purest sandy beaches the coast of the English Channel and picturesque hills covered with lush meadows and numerous apple orchards, Normandy is a half-timbered Rouen and like a toy old Honfleur, Normandy is a delicious natural apple cider, a kind of apple wine "Pommo" and a unique apple vodka "Calvados", Normandy is the birthplace of the famous French cheese "Camembert".
• Visit to the seaside resort center of Deauville-Trouville,
  favorite place summer vacation a large number of French. Having made a short stop there right on the seashore, we will see where and how those people like to spend their holidays and weekends who prefer the tender sun of Normandy to the searing heat of the South.
• Excursion to the old port town of Honfleur.
  Finding ourselves in Honfleur, adored by artists and depicted in many paintings by various masters of painting, we find ourselves really immersed in the atmosphere untouched by time Norman antiquity, those times when Honfleur was one of the largest ports on the English Channel! You will have a walk around this fabulous town and a little free time with the opportunity, if you wish, to taste the aforementioned local cider and Calvados in the tasting shops that are often found here, as well as to have a seafood snack in one of the many local restaurants, and visit the city supermarket behind Camembert.
• Transfer (about 45 km) to the city of Etretat on the English Channel coast,
  on the so-called Limestone Coast, and is widely known for the nearby picturesque coastal white rocks of a bizarre configuration, which in places form natural arches.
  On the way, we have to cross the impressive cable-stayed bridge "Normandy", thrown over the wide estuary of the Seine River just before its confluence with the strait. Walk along the shore.
• The capital of Normandy is Rouen.
  The ancient port city on the Seine River Rouen is primarily proud of its famous Cathedral, numerous half-timbered architecture and its rich medieval history... Gothic Cathedral Notre Dame de Rouen was glorified many times in paintings by the great artist Claude Monet and not only by him. In the crypt of the cathedral, the remains of many famous people in history are buried, including the famous Richard the Lionheart.
  The great French heroine Jeanne d'Arc immortalized the name of Rouen in history by spending here last days her earthly life: she was held here in prison, tried and, in the end, burned on the Market Square of the city, where you can now see a very expressive memorial complex dedicated to her.
• Overnight at the Hotel Campanile Rouen Est-Franquelle Saint-Pierre.
• Day 8. 09/29/2018, Saturday.
• Breakfast in the hotel. Provinces of Picardy and Champagne
• Moving to Amiens - a city located on the seven branches of the Somme River, the center of the historical Picardy region.
  Since the beginning of 2016, the region has become part of the new Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardy region, merging with Nord-Pas-de-Calais. From September 30, 2016 Nord - Pas-de-Calais - Picardy was named Haute-de-France (Upper France). For the first time the name "Picardy" was recorded in the documents of the 13th century. This was the name of the area of ​​distribution of a special Picard dialect. The possession of Picardy from the French crown was contested by the British and the Dukes of Burgundy. Picardy is considered the birthplace of Gothic architecture.
  The main attraction of the city is Amiens Cathedral, which can accommodate more believers than any other Gothic temple in France. It is sometimes called "the purest example of Gothic". Since 1981, the cathedral has been under the protection of UNESCO as a World Heritage Site of Humanity. Inspection of the Cathedral and its environs. Free time.
• Moving to the capital of the Champagne province - the city of Reims.
  Champagne is one of the most famous wine regions in France. It is and only here that real, licensed Champagne is made. Numerous sparkling wines produced in other provinces or, moreover, in other countries, do not have the right to be called "Champagne". The prevailing nature of Champagne is the picturesque high hills, the slopes of which are covered with a large number of vineyards.
• Stop in the center of Reims to explore the famous Gothic Cathedral of Our Lady,
  where most of the French kings were crowned. In their free time, those who wish can also visit one of the many Champagne wine shops.
• Transfer to the hotel in the area of ​​Metz. Overnight at the Ibis Metz Center Cathedrale.
• Day 8. 09/29/2018, Saturday.
• Breakfast in the hotel. Province of Lorraine.
• Stop in the center ancient city Metz, which is the capital of the province of Lorraine.
  Lorraine is a historical region in northeastern France. Since January 1, 2016, it is part of the Grand Est ("Greater East") region together with the provinces of Alsace and Champagne-Ardenne. Lorraine is the only one french region bordering on three foreign countries - Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany. Lorraine is an industrially developed province, large deposits of minerals were found here, as a result of which the eastern neighbors of France, the Germans, repeatedly claimed Lorraine, as well as the nearby Alsace. On the border of Lorraine and Alsace, there are picturesque wooded mountains - the Vosges. In addition, it is Lorraine that is the birthplace of the great French heroine Joan of Arc.
  Quite a lot has survived in Metz. interesting monuments medieval (and not only) architecture: the Gothic Cathedral of St. Stephen, the Church of Our Lady and St. Martin, fragments of historical defensive fortifications, in particular, the impressive German Gate and more. City Tour.
• Transfer to Frankfurt am Main airport and check-in for the flight
• Departure to St. Petersburg at 18.55 a / c Lufthansa
• 22.35 arrival to St. Petersburg.
• PLEASE BUY TICKETS AT LEAST 18.55.