In the historical center of the capital there is the most recognizable architectural structure in Russia - the Moscow Kremlin. The main feature of the architectural ensemble is its strengthening complex, consisting of walls in the form of a triangle with twenty towers.
The complex was built between 1485 and 1499 and is well preserved to this day. Several times it served as a model for similar fortresses that appeared in other cities of Russia - Kazan, Tula, Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod, etc. Within the walls of the Kremlin there are numerous religious and secular buildings - cathedrals, palaces and administrative buildings of different eras. The Kremlin was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990. Together with adjoining Red Square, which is on this list, the Kremlin is generally considered to be Moscow's main attraction. 
Cathedrals of the Moscow Kremlin
The architectural ensemble is formed by three temples, located in the center. The history of the cathedral began in 1475. It is the oldest fully preserved building among all the Kremlin buildings. 
Initially, construction took place in 1326-1327 under the leadership of Ivan I. After the completion of the construction, the cathedral served as the home church of the Metropolitan of Moscow, who settled in the predecessor of the current Patriarchal Palace. 
By 1472, the now collapsed cathedral was destroyed, and then a new building was built in its place. However, it collapsed in May 1474, possibly due to an earthquake or due to construction errors. A new attempt at revival was made by the Grand Duke Ivan III. It was in this cathedral that prayers were held before important campaigns, kings were crowned and elevated to the dignity of patriarchs. 
Dedicated to Archangel Michael, the patron saint of Russian rulers, was built in 1505 on the site of the church of the same name in 1333. It was built by the Italian architect Aloisio Lamberti da Montignana. The architectural style combines traditional Old Russian religious architecture and elements of the Italian Renaissance. 
Located at the southwest corner of the square. In 1291 a wooden church was built here, but a century later it burned down and was replaced by a stone church. The white-stone cathedral has nine onion domes on its facades and is intended for family ceremonies. 
Working hours of cathedrals: 10:00 to 17:00 (closed on Thursday). A single ticket for visits will cost 500 rubles for adults and 250 rubles for children.
Palaces and squares of the Moscow Kremlin
- - These are several representative secular buildings, created in different centuries and served as a home for Russian grand dukes and tsars, and in our time for presidents.
- - a five-story building, decorated with richly carved decorative frames and a tiled roof.
- - the building of the 17th century, has preserved the rare architectural features of civil architecture of that time. The museum exhibits jewelry, exquisite dishes, paintings, items of the royal hunt. The magnificent iconostasis of the Ascension Monastery, destroyed in 1929, has survived.
- - a three-storey building made in the early neoclassical style. Initially, the palace was supposed to serve as the residence of the Senate, but nowadays it exists as the central working representation of the President of Russia.
Among the popular places in the Moscow Kremlin, the following squares should be noted:
Moscow Kremlin towers
The walls are 2235 meters long, their maximum height is 19 meters, and the thickness reaches 6.5 meters. 
There are 20 defensive towers similar in architectural style. Three corner towers have a cylindrical base, the other 17 are quadrangular. 
Trinity Tower is the tallest, rising 80 meters. 
Lowest - Kutafya tower(13.5 meters) located outside the wall. 
Four towers have access gates:
The tops of these 4 towers, which are considered especially beautiful, are decorated with the symbolic red ruby stars of the Soviet era. 
The clock on the Spasskaya Tower first appeared in the 15th century, but burned down in 1656. On December 9, 1706, the capital heard the chimes for the first time, which announced a new hour. Since then, many events have happened: wars were fought, cities were renamed, capitals changed, but the famous chimes of the Moscow Kremlin remain the main chronometer of Russia. 
The bell tower (81 meters high) is the tallest building in the Kremlin ensemble. It was built between 1505 and 1508 and still serves its function for three cathedrals that do not have their own bell towers - Arkhangelsk, Assumption and Annunciation.
Nearby there is a small church of St. John, where the name of the bell tower and the square came from. It existed until the beginning of the 16th century, then collapsed and since then has significantly decayed. 
The Faceted Chamber is the main banquet hall of the Moscow princes; it is the oldest surviving secular building in the city. It is currently the official ceremonial hall for the President of Russia, so it is closed for excursions. 
The Armory and the Diamond Fund
The chamber was built by decree of Peter I to keep weapons obtained in wars. Construction was delayed, starting in 1702 and ending only in 1736 due to financial difficulties. In 1812 the chamber was blown up in the war against Napoleon, it was reconstructed only in 1828. Now the Armory is a museum, which can be visited any day of the week from 10:00 to 18:00, with the exception of Thursday. The ticket price for adults is 700 rubles, for children it is free. 
Here are not only the exhibits of the arms trade, but also the Diamond Fund. The permanent exhibition of the State Diamond Fund first opened in the Moscow Kremlin in 1967. Unique jewelry and precious stones are especially valuable here, most of them were confiscated after the October Revolution. Opening hours - from 10:00 to 17:20 on any day except Thursday. For a ticket for adults, you will have to pay 500 rubles, for a ticket for children, it costs 100 rubles. 
Two diamonds on display deserve special attention, as they belong to the most famous examples of this gem in the world:
- It is not only the largest medieval fortress in Russia, but also the largest active fortress in all of Europe. Of course, there were more such structures, but the Moscow Kremlin is the only one that is still in use.
- The Kremlin walls were white. The walls "acquired" their red brick at the end of the 19th century. To see the White Kremlin, look for works by 18th or 19th century artists such as Pyotr Vereshchagin or Alexei Savrasov.
- Red Square has nothing to do with red. The name comes from the Old Russian word for "red", which means beautiful, and has nothing to do with the color of buildings that we now know were white until the end of the 19th century.
- The stars of the Moscow Kremlin were eagles. During the time of tsarist Russia, the four Kremlin towers were crowned with double-headed eagles, which have been the Russian coat of arms since the 15th century. In 1935, the Soviet government replaced the eagles, which were melted down and replaced with the five-pointed stars that we see today. The fifth star on the Vodovzvodnaya Tower was added later.
- The Kremlin towers have names. Of the 20 Kremlin towers, only two do not have their own names.
- The Kremlin is densely built up. Behind the 2235-meter Kremlin walls there are 5 squares and 18 buildings, among which the most popular are the Spasskaya Tower, Ivan the Great Bell Tower, Assumption Cathedral, Trinity Tower and Terem Palace.
- The Moscow Kremlin was practically not damaged in the Second World War. During the war, the Kremlin was carefully camouflaged to look like a residential building block. The domes of the church and the famous green towers were painted gray and brown, respectively, fake doors and windows were attached to the walls of the Kremlin, and Red Square was burdened with wooden structures.
- The Kremlin is in the Guinness Book of Records. In the Moscow Kremlin, you can see the world's largest bell and the world's largest cannon. In 1735, a 6.14 meter bell was made from metal casting, the Tsar Cannon weighing 39.312 tons was lost in 1586 and was never used in the war.
- The stars of the Kremlin always shine. In 80 years of its existence, the lighting of the Kremlin stars has been turned off only twice. The first time was during World War II when the Kremlin was disguised to hide it from bombers. The second time they were turned off for the movie. Oscar-winning director Nikita Mikhalkov filmed the scene for the Siberian Barber.
- The Kremlin clock has a deep secret. The secret of the accuracy of the Kremlin clock literally lies under our feet. The clock is connected to the control clock at the Sternberg Astronomical Institute via a cable.
Irina Viktorovna Pasynkova
Dear colleagues. During the thematic week dedicated to Moscow, the guys and I listened to songs about our beloved capital, recited poems, read literary works, carefully examined illustrations and albums with image sights of the main city of the country. Moskovsky Kremlin- one of the main attractions of the capital, the greatest monument of the history of our Motherland, a brilliant creation of Russian national culture, a beautiful and complex architectural ensemble. In a lesson on fine arts the guys learned to draw Kremlin... I suggest you Master Class, in my opinion, not difficult images of the Kremlin.
On the album sheet, we mark two horizontal lines with a simple pencil. Bottom line is ground, top is wall The Kremlin... It is located below the middle of the sheet. (we consolidate knowledge of spatial representations)
Draw the central tower and columns in the middle. (we consolidate knowledge of geometric shapes)
Now we compose in color
Here is the image of the Kremlin turned out
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The Moscow Kremlin is the main attraction of the capital of Russia, of great historical, architectural and socio-political value.
The Kremlin is located in the very center of the city on the high Borovitsky hill near the Moskva River. On one side there is Red Square, on the other - the Alexander Garden.
How to get to the Moscow Kremlin, which Kremlin sights to see first, how to buy entrance tickets, about the opening hours, excursions and much more, read this article.
History of the Moscow Kremlin
The first to settle on the territory of the modern Kremlin were the Finno-Ugric tribes back in the Bronze Age. In the 10th century, Borovitsky Hill, located at the intersection of important trade routes, was occupied by the Vyatichi, and in 1156, by the will of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, a typical Russian fortress with defensive fortifications - earthen ramparts with palisades surrounded by a deep moat was built here.
Until the middle of the 14th century, the Moscow Kremlin was made of wood. Under Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy, its walls and towers were replaced with white-stone ones, which served until the end of the 15th century.
Under the guidance of Italian craftsmen, in 1485-1516, new powerful fortifications of fired brick were erected - towers and battlements from three to six and a half meters thick, which we have the opportunity to admire today.
Architectural ensemble
The architectural ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin is made up of the golden-domed Annunciation, Archangel and Assumption Cathedrals, the Patriarch's Chambers, the Church of the Deposition of the Robe, the Faceted Chamber, and the Ivan the Great Bell Tower. In the 17th century, the Terem Palace was erected, at about the same time the Kremlin towers acquired their modern appearance. In the 18th century, the Arsenal, the Senate, the Grand Kremlin Palace and the Armory appeared.
Unfortunately, the most ancient Cathedral of the Savior on Bor, built in 1330 and destroyed in 1933, the Chudov Monastery, founded in 1365 and demolished in 1929, the Ascension Monastery, the Small Nikolaevsky Palace and many other buildings, have not survived. In total, during the years of Soviet power, out of 54 Kremlin buildings, only 26 survived.
However, in 1990 the Kremlin was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Photo - excursion around the territory
The entrance to the territory is carried out through the Kutafya tower, crowned with a beautiful openwork "crown".
Before getting to the Kremlin, you need to buy tickets in the dark glass pavilion, which is located nearby in the Alexander Garden, go through the "frame" of a metal detector and the procedure for inspecting personal belongings. Large bags, suitcases and backpacks will have to be dropped off at the locker.
The Kutafya Tower, previously surrounded by a river and a moat, protected the approaches to the Trinity Tower.
After crossing the Trinity Bridge, we will look at the multi-tiered Trinity Tower from the other side. Its height is 80 meters, it is the tallest tower in the Kremlin.
On the right in the photo is the Arsenal, erected by order of Peter the Great. The building was supposed to be used as a military warehouse and trophy storage. In our time, the administrative services of the Kremlin Commandant's Office and the barracks of the Presidential Regiment are stationed here.
Left - the State Kremlin Palace (formerly the Palace of Congresses), built in 1961. The main New Year tree of the country is held here, concerts and ballet performances are held.
Near the walls of the Arsenal are historical weapons - collections of old Russian and foreign cannons, military trophies of the Patriotic War of 1812.
Now we will go out to the Senate Square.
The Senate building, designed by the architect M.F. Kazakov, has the shape of a triangle. In Soviet times, there was a study and an apartment of V.I. Lenin, the offices of I.V. Stalin, L.I. Brezhnev, M.S. Gorbachev. Today, the Senate houses the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.
View from about the same point in the other direction - to Trinity Square and the Kremlin Cathedrals.
The Tsar Cannon, which is a must-see, stands at Trinity Square and the Patriarch's Chambers with the Church of the Twelve Apostles.
The powerful cannon was manufactured in 1586. This is the largest cannon in the world, an outstanding example of Russian arms art. Its caliber is 890 mm, weight is 40 tons.
At the foot of the bell tower there is another giant - the Tsar Bell, cast in the 18th century. Its weight is 202 tons, diameter is 6.6 meters. The Tsar Bell was cast right there, on the territory of Ivanovskaya Square. A piece of the bell broke off during a big fire in the Kremlin.
On the south side, the Big Kremlin Square and Taynitsky Garden adjoin Ivanovskaya Square.
Unfortunately, you cannot walk around the entire garden - this is a secure facility. But you can still see something interesting: for example, an aviary for peregrine falcons, goshawks and an eagle owl, which are kept specially so that they chase crows and pigeons. Or here is a helipad for the President and the Prime Minister, equipped not so long ago.
View from the park to the Ivan the Great Bell Tower ensemble. The Kremlin bell tower became the tallest building in Moscow under Boris Godunov, who ordered it to be built in 1600 to a height of 81 m. You can go upstairs in the summer by purchasing a separate ticket.
From April to October, on Saturdays at 12-00, the ceremony of the equestrian and foot divorce of the Presidential Regiment takes place on Cathedral Square. Viewing the ceremony is included in the price of a single ticket to visit the territory of the Kremlin and cathedral-museums of Cathedral Square.
The Assumption Cathedral, built according to the project of the Italian architect Aristotle Fioravanti, was the main temple of Russia for four centuries - Ivan the Terrible and other tsars were crowned here, and emperors were crowned. Many patriarchs and metropolitans are buried in the Assumption Cathedral.
In the photo - the Archangel Cathedral, erected in 1505-1508 in honor of the Archangel Michael by the Venetian Aleviz Novy.
Entrance to the Archangel Cathedral. The temple-royal burial vault contains 54 burials of saints, princes, kings and their wives, including the holy Tsarevich Dmitry of Uglich, Moscow princes Vasily Dark, Dmitry Donskoy, Ivan Kalita, Tsars Ivan the Terrible and Alexei Mikhailovich.
The Annunciation Cathedral, one of the oldest on the Kremlin territory, was built by Pskov craftsmen in 1484-1489. The small church was used as the home church of the Russian sovereigns.
An interesting exhibition "Treasures and Antiquities of the Moscow Kremlin" is located in the basement of the Annunciation Cathedral.
The Faceted Chamber, one of the oldest civil buildings in Moscow, in tsarist times served as the main ceremonial reception hall, a place for meetings of the Boyar Duma, meetings of Zemsky sobors. Now it is the representative hall of the residence of the President of the Russian Federation.
The Faceted Chamber is called because it is lined with blocks having 4 edges.
In the corner of Cathedral Square are the Verkhospassky Cathedral - part of the ancient Terem Palace, the eastern facade of the Golden Tsaritsin's Chamber and the Church of the Deposition of the Robe - the home church of Moscow metropolitans and patriarchs.
From Cathedral Square we move to the Grand Kremlin Palace, built in the 19th century. The ensemble of the palace includes about 700 rooms, including the Georgievsky, Vladimirsky, Andreevsky, Alexandrovsky and Catherine halls, the Golden Tsaritsin's chamber, the Malachite foyer, the Cabinet and the Bedroom of the emperors, nine churches and the Terem Palace.
Since the Grand Kremlin Palace is the ceremonial residence of the President of the Russian Federation, you can get there only as part of a group from an organization upon a preliminary application submitted a month in advance.
Next to the BKD there is the Armory Chamber - a museum with countless riches: old gold and silver jewelry and other items, weapons, armor, state decorations, and a collection of carriages. Here you can see the cap of Monomakh, scepters, orbs, thrones, coronation dresses and royal royal dress.
The same building houses the Diamond Fund - the national treasury of Russia, a repository of precious stones and nuggets, ceremonial jewelry of Russian tsars and emperors. It is here that the Great Imperial Crown, made on the occasion of the coronation of Catherine II, is located. The crown is adorned with 5,000 diamonds, 75 large pearls and a very large rare dark red spinel gem.
View from the Armory to Vodovzvodnaya, Borovitskaya Tower and the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.
The amusing palace - the chambers of the boyar Miloslavsky is best seen from the Alexander Garden, it is located at the Kremlin wall between the Trinity and the Commandant towers. In 1672, entertainments were held here - performances for the amusement of the kings, which gave the name to the palace. Under Peter the Great, the Police Order was located in the Amusement Palace, and nowadays - the services of the Commandant's Office.
How to get to the Kremlin
By public transport: the nearest metro stations are the Lenin Library, Aleksandrovsky Garden, Borovitskaya and Arbatskaya blue Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya lines. It is also easy to walk to the Kremlin from many central stations: Okhotny Ryad, Revolution Square, Teatralnaya and others.
Opening hours
The territory of the Kremlin and cathedrals-museums of Cathedral Square:
- from May 16 to September 30 - every day, except Thursday, from 9-30 to 18-00 (ticket offices are open from 9-00 to 16-30)
- from October 1 to May 15 - every day, except Thursday, from 10-00 to 17-00 (ticket offices are open from 9-30 to 16-00)
The Armory works in sessions from 10-00 to 18-00 every day, except Thursday. The beginning of the sessions - 10-00, 12-00, 14-30, 16-30
Diamond Fund - every day, except Thursday, from 10-00 to 17-20 for sessions. Break - from 13-00 to 14-00. The duration of the session is 40 minutes. Ticket sales for morning sessions start at 9-00, for evening - at 13-00. Morning sessions: 10-00, 10-20, 10-40, 11-00, 11-20, 12-00, 12-20. Evening sessions: 14-00, 15-00, 15-20, 16-00, 16-20, 16-40, 17-00, 17-20.
The Diamond Fund is closed on holidays. More details about the working hours - on the official website: gokhran.ru/ru/diamond-fund/contacts.phtml
Rarely, but it happens that access to the Kremlin is closed in connection with solemn events, meetings of heads of foreign states, receptions on the occasion of public holidays and other events.
Ticket prices
Single ticket (territory, cathedrals, exhibitions)- visiting the territory of the Kremlin, cathedral-museums of Cathedral Square, exhibition halls of the Patriarch's Chambers, the exposition "Treasures and Antiquities of the Moscow Kremlin" in the basement of the Annunciation Cathedral, an exhibition of wooden sculpture in the Church of the Deposition of the Robe, expositions in the annex of the Arkhangelsk Cathedral:
- adults - 500 rubles
- Russian students and pensioners - 250 rubles, without the possibility of visiting museums (only the territory) - free
- children under 16 years old, members of large families, disabled persons of the 1st and 2nd groups and other preferential categories of citizens - free of charge
- for persons under the age of 18, the second Tuesday of each month - free
- on the Days of Cultural Heritage one ticket is free for everyone
Single tickets are sold online on the official website of the Moscow Kremlin kreml.ru (except for free and discounted tickets) and at the box office in the Alexander Garden on the day of the visit.
- the visit is carried out with a separate ticket, the price includes an audio guide:
- adults - 700 rubles
- Russian students and pensioners - 350 rubles
- children under 16 years old, members of large families, disabled persons of the 1st and 2nd groups and other preferential categories of citizens - free of charge
Entrance tickets to the Armory are sold on the day of the visit, subject to the availability of tickets at the box office in the Alexander Garden and via the Internet on the official website of the Moscow Kremlin kreml.ru (except for free and discounted ones).
Attention! Purchasing tickets Online for a specific session does not guarantee that you will receive additional free or reduced tickets for the same session on the day you visit the museum. Free and discounted tickets are issued only if they are available at the box office, on a first-come, first-served basis. The museum's bandwidth does not allow for an unlimited number of tickets for each session.
Diamond fund- you can buy tickets at the box office # 4 and # 5 in the Alexander Garden on the day of your visit for a certain session. A guided tour is included in the ticket price.
- adults - 500 rubles
- schoolchildren, students, pensioners, members of large families - 100 rubles
- disabled children, non-working disabled people of groups 1 and 2 and other preferential categories of citizens - free of charge
The number of tickets for each session is limited.
If you want to visit only the Armory Chamber and / or the Diamond Fund, you can enter through the Borovitskaya Tower.
The queue at the box office and at the entrance is least of all in the cold season on weekdays, most of all - in the warm season in good weather on weekends, especially on Saturday in the morning - because of the opportunity to watch the divorce ceremony on Cathedral Square.
Excursions
The Kremlin excursion center offers sightseeing and thematic excursions around the territory of the Kremlin, the Armory, cathedral-museums and museum expositions for organized groups and individual visitors as part of a combined group.
Prices for excursions around the Moscow Kremlin, the procedure for registration and payment of excursions, see the official website: kreml.ru
Free mobile guide around the Kremlin - izi.travel/ru/7cce-moskva-kreml/ru
Photography
Amateur photography and filming in cathedrals-museums, the Armory and the Diamond Fund is prohibited.
Author: The list of desired points was severely cut - they did not allow shooting from the roofs of buildings, they were not allowed to climb some towers, but most importantly, the Kremlin wall was left. Walking the Kremlin walls, climbing inaccessible towers was my old dream, and now it has come true! In the first part I will post a walk along the walls of the Kremlin.
01. This is a staircase leading to the Spasskaya Tower. There are two platforms on the tower, one under the clock, the other above. 
02. Dawn. 
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05. Let's get a little closer ... 
06. View of Red Square from the Spasskaya Tower. 
07. Historical Museum and Mausoleum. 
08. There is a path along the perimeter of the Kremlin wall. Pipes with some kind of communications, as well as lighting elements and security systems are laid along it. 
09. The wall. View from the Konstantino-Eleninskaya tower. 
10. Behind the wall, everything is not as beautiful as in the tourist areas. For example, behind the Beklemishevskaya tower some kind of rubbish is piled up. On the left you can see the mount for the Kremlin tree. 
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13. The symbol of Moscow on the Senate building 
14. As I said, there are spotlights on the wall. It is difficult to walk freely there. 
15. Staircase in one of the towers. Most of the towers are empty inside, there are electrical equipment and communications. 
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18. Site on the Taynitskaya tower. 
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20. Despite the large number of sensors and cameras, urban lunatics sometimes try to take the wall by storm. 
21. Annunciation tower 
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24. Near the Kremlin wall between the Komendatskaya and Troitskaya towers there is an interesting civil structure from the middle of the 17th century. - the so-called Amusement Palace. 
25. In the XIX century. the commandant of Moscow lived in the Amusement Palace; in the 20th century, this was the first Kremlin apartment of I.V. Stalin (until 1932). The Amusing Palace is the only architectural monument of boyar housing preserved in the Kremlin. 
26. Cameras. 
27. Commandant's Tower 
28. Borovitskaya Tower. Interestingly, according to the decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1658, the Borovitskaya Tower was renamed into the Baptist after the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist near Bor, located nearby. However, the old name of the tower still survived and has survived to this day. 
29. My shadow. 
30. View from the observation deck of the Borovitskaya tower of the Armory and the BKD. 
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33. "House on the Embankment" 
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35. The wall, view from the tower. 
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40. Surprisingly, there is a gate on the wall. Here they are needed so that the musicians of the Presidential Orchestra located in the Trinity Tower cannot escape;) 
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42. And this is a greenhouse that grows plants that decorate the interiors of the Kremlin. 
43. And here is the musician. 
44. Arsenal. 
45. There are a lot of inscriptions on the pipes; they were left by the soldiers who served here. 
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47. Eternal Flame of Glory at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 
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50. Grotto "Ruins" in the Alexander Garden 
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57. The doors in the tower are old) 
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62. And this is the royal tower. A small turret was erected directly on the wall in the 80s of the 17th century between the Kremlin's Spasskaya and Nabatnaya towers. Its octagonal tent on pitcher-shaped pillars resembles the common porch lockers of stone dwelling mansions that were common at that time. 
63. The name of the tower is associated with a legend, according to which it served as a kind of canopy over the royal throne, from where the sovereign of All Russia could observe the events taking place on Red Square from the walls of the Kremlin. The view from her is bad. 
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66. Staircase in one of the towers. 
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70. And this is the sunset from the Spasskaya Tower. 
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