Lesson topic: « ».
Target: 1.Educational: formation and generalization of knowledge on planning a professional path among ninth-graders, their ideas about the world of professions and their requirements for a person; the formation of self-control skills, readiness for professional self-determination.
2. Developing: developing students' knowledge of the methods of self-knowledge and self-education;
To develop the necessary knowledge for planning a professional and life path and assist in the application of this knowledge in practice;
Provide ninth-graders with the opportunity to "look into the future" taking into account the knowledge gained.
3. Educational: education of labor motivation of young people, help to navigate in the world of professions.
Lesson type: learning new material.
Working methods: verbal, visual, search, "6 thinking hats strategy", methods of critical thinking.
Form of conduct: conversation with an explanation of the new material, group, individual, pair.
Equipment: computer, presentation, poster, felt-tip pens, score sheets, "Log book", 4 hats, group names.
Interdisciplinary connections: history, fine arts, geography.
Literature: "Technology" grade 9, material from the Internet.
Lesson structure :
1. Organizational moment - 1 minute
a) Greetings.
b) Marking those present on the list.
2. Psychological attitude of students to the lesson -2min.
3. Division of the class into groups -1 minute.
4.Distribution of score sheets -1 minute.
5. Introduction to the topic of the lesson - 5 minutes.
6. Filling in the logbook - 5 minutes.
7. Determine the type of profession - 4 minutes.
8.Informing the student about the professional activities of food and light industry-5 minutes.
9. Strategy "6 hats of thinking" -5 minutes.
10. Game: "MOST-MOST" -3 minutes.
11. Training - name the profession on the first letter of your name. -3 minutes.
12. Make a syncwine -5 minutes.
13. Summing up the results of the lesson -5 minutes.
a) home assignment;
b) assigning marks to students;
c) grading by the teacher;
d) students' opinion about the lesson.
During the classes:
I Organizational part.
Hello guys! Look at each other. Smile! I am glad to see your smiles. May this day and our open lesson bring you the joy of communication. Tune in to work. Mentally wish yourself and each other success.
I wish you successful work and correct actions for their implementation.
Teacher's word:
My years are growing
Soon i'm seventeen
What to work for me then?
What should I do?
- Why do you think I started today's lesson with these lines? (Answers of children)
Really, today we will talk about the fact that soon the time will come for each of you to make a responsible and important life choice - to choose a profession.
So, the topic of today's lesson « Professional interests, inclinations and abilities. Professional activity in food and light industry».
-Before starting the lesson, I want to divide the class into two groups. (Sweets are distributed with two different candy wrappers)
The class is divided into two groups:
a) professions of light industry.
b) profession Food Industry.
I will now give each group a score sheet on which you will give yourself grades for each step of the lesson. And at the end of the lesson you will hand them over to me and according to them I will give the final grade.
My progress in the lesson
Evaluation paper.................
Class...................................
Topic..........................................
| Lesson steps | My successes | Remarks |
|
| Filling in the logbook | |||
| Determining the type of profession | |||
| Student message | |||
| Strategy "6th thinking hat" | |||
| Game "MOST-MOST" | |||
| Make up a cinquain | |||
| Student assessment | |||
| Teacher assessment |
II ... Communication of cognitive information.
Teacher : Girls, what do you think is the difference between “profession” and “specialty”?
Teacher: What factors are guided by today's youth when choosing a profession?
(Students' answers. Kudos to the profession wage, example of parents, their interests.)
Teacher: You are right, the factor of prestige nowadays often takes place when choosing a profession. But I must admit, this is not the most correct principle of choice, since prestige is akin to fashion, and fashion, as we know, is very fleeting.
In fact, the choice of profession "stands on three pillars":
I WANT, I CAN, SHOULD.
Let's take a closer look at them:
WANT - personal goals, interests, needs.
I CAN - taking into account their capabilities, abilities, health status.
NADO - the needs of the labor market.
If you combine WANT, CAN, SHOULD, then your professional choice will be successful.
Teacher: Who would you like to become? Why?
(Student responses)
We have already discussed with you what factors should be guided when choosing a profession.
To facilitate this task for graduates, scientists in many countries are trying to create a classification of the profession. Today we will use the classifications of Professor E.A. Klimov and the theory of the American psychologist Holland.
Let's turn to the technology textbook. The group of light industry of the industry gets acquainted with the types of professions of the psychologist E.A. Klimov (on page 150), and the group of the food industry gets acquainted with the theory of the American psychologist Holland (on page 149).
While reading, you fill in the "Flight Log".
To fill in the "Log book" you are assigned
(The table contains information from the text in the "Flight log" in the abstract)
(One student comes out from each group and protects the "Log book")
Teacher: Our next task, work in a group, is the distribution of professions by type - 4 minutes.
(Each group draws a classter on the poster - they distribute the professions by type. Answers of students )
Teacher's word: In our life, we meet every day with products of the light and food industries. These are our clothes, made by light industry, all our food, which is produced by the food industry. What kind of professions are needed for these industries? Today in the lesson we will talk about this.
(Student's speech with the message: "Professional activity in the food and light industry")
IIIReflection:
Teacher: Thanks for your work. And now I propose to complete the next task, which is called “6 hats of thinking”. What is it. Each of the participants puts on a hat of a certain color and speaks about the problem, based on the peculiarities of the type of thinking inherent in the role they represent. Choosing hats. (White, black, blue, green hats are offered. Girls put on hats and, according to the color, complete the task )
Teacher: Group 1 defends the profession of "pastry chef", 2-profession of "fashion designer"
You will have 5 minutes to complete this task.
Role models:
White hat - information about the profession.
The yellow hat is an optimist - the positive aspects of the profession. Black hat - pessimist - negative aspects of the profession.
(Students talk)
Teacher: Some professions are very ancient, while others have appeared quite recently. Sometimes, not even every adult can explain what kind of activity is hidden behind this or that name.
For example, a clip maker, promoter, merchandiser ...
What rare professions do you know? (Prompter, oceanologist)
(The disciples call)
What modern professions can you name?
(Student responses)
Teacher: And now I suggest you play a game: "SMAMYA is the MOST". It consists in the fact that they must answer the following questions with elements of humor.
Name the professions:
The greenest (gardener, forester, florist-decorator ...)
The sweetest (pastry chef, pastry salesman ...)
The most monetary (banker, professional tennis players, boxers, model ...)
Hairiest (hairdresser ...)
The most childish (educator, pediatrician, teacher ...)
The most extreme (stuntman, employee of the Ministry of Emergency Situations ...)
The funniest (clown, parodist ...)
The most sociable (journalist, guide, trainer, teacher, entertainer ...)
The most serious (sapper, surgeon, scout, policeman, politician, psychologist ...)
(Students should immediately name professions)
Teacher: We made sure that there are very many professions in the world, and therefore I want each of you to name one profession that starts with the first letter of your name.
(Occupations are named in turn) - 3 minutes.
Teacher: I suggest you work in pairs. Make a syncwine about the professions of the light and food industries. The food industry group for its profession, the light industry for its own.
You are given 5 minutes for this task.
Syncwine writing rules:
1. The first line is the theme of the poem, expressed in ONE word, usually a noun.
2. The second line is a description of the topic in TWO words, usually with adjectives.
3. The third line is a description of the action within this topic in THREE words, usually verbs.
4. The fourth line is a FOUR-word phrase expressing the author's attitude to this topic.
5. The fifth line - ONE word - a synonym for the first, on an emotionally - figurative or philosophical - generalized level repeating the essence of the topic.
(Read syncwines)
IVSumming up the lesson -5 minutes.
Home assignment: write an essay on the topic: "My future profession"
1. Grading by students.
2. Grading by the teacher.
Your opinion about the lesson - students draw a smiley on a sticker and post it on the board.
Although the light industry is not among the leaders in production in our country, specialists with industry education are always in demand in it. In addition, the production of clothing and footwear is a creative activity, so the work will undoubtedly bring pleasure. Production technologist Portrait. The profession of a technologist requires strict adherence to production standards, the ability to control the quality of materials and products and monitor the process. This means that a person must be clear, demanding, attentive, and be able to make decisions (for example, about rejecting a batch of raw materials). It is important to keep your finger on the pulse of the market in order to know what new materials are emerging in your industry, and to understand what products will be in high demand among consumers. Education. If you decide to link your career with light industry, then it is better to enter an industry university. There you will be offered many specialties related to different kinds production: "Technology of leather and fur", "Technology of textiles", etc. Before choosing a specialty, find out what types of production are in your city, so that after the institute you will not be left without work. It is worth paying attention to the specialization "computer-aided design of clothing technology" - it will make it possible to master special computer programs. What you need to know and be able to do. Employers, of course, want to see people familiar with the specifics of production. Knowledge of the technology of tailoring and cutting of products, the ability to make patterns for complex products is always required. You need to understand the materials that are used in production. Production is always associated with regulatory documents, which also need to be able to maintain. In some companies, the technologist combines the functions of an estimator - he calculates the consumption of raw materials for products. Scene. Many companies prefer to open production outside Moscow (for example, the factory of the Wild Orchid company is located 3 km from the Moscow Ring Road) in order to reduce overhead costs, so be prepared to spend time on the road every day. Corporate transport from the nearest metro is provided. In the "Wild Orchid" for the position of technologist, they are ready to take a graduate or student of the last courses in a specialized specialty. He will develop technological documentation for a collection of models, launch models into production and control the quality of products. They promise to pay up to 35 thousand rubles. They are looking for an experienced technologist for a salary of 15-30 thousand rubles for a company that sews military clothes, they will have to go to work in the Naro-Fominsk region. But there are not many vacancies in this area, due to the weakness of the light industry in our country. Career growth is also unlikely to propel you far: the position of the chief technologist is already the ceiling. About 45 thousand rubles are paid for this position. Economist Portrait. The prestige of economic education and the high cost of specialists do not fit into the framework of the lame light industry. Therefore, there are almost no ambitious people in this environment. But you can use the industry to launch a career. You will need analytical skills, interest in production processes. Routine work with documentation should not cause boredom, otherwise the work will bring a lot of negative emotions. Education. The specialty "Economics and Management at a Light Industry Enterprise" will make you a specialist who combines engineering and technological knowledge with the ability to solve the economic problems of the industry and the enterprise. You will get an idea of how to run a hosiery factory, how to plan production costs, how to calculate a wage system, and so on. Despite the binding of the specialty to a specific industry, it will not limit you in your career: if you want to switch to another type of production, this can be done without loss. What you need to know and be able to do. Depending on the situation in the enterprise, any skill may be required from you. “We had a high turnover of staff, and they hired me to optimize the remuneration system: it was necessary to transfer part of the employees to piecework wages, mainly from sewing shops, to standardize working hours and production volumes, to calculate the bonus system,” says Svetlana Ikcheeva , who worked for three years as an economist at a workwear sewing factory. You need to be able to reduce the expenditure side of the production budget, and for this, the economist must thoroughly understand it and understand at what expense items this can be done: for example, buy cheaper fabrics or increase the prices for the release of finished products. More often, an economist will have to solve local problems: for example, a designer-constructor created a sketch or a sample of a coat, and an economist must calculate how many materials are needed to sew a collection and at what price they need to be purchased, what is the production cost of these coats, etc. Location of action. There are very few vacancies for economists at light industry enterprises. The industry is forced to work with minimal costs, so the functions of economists are divided among themselves by managers, purchasing managers, and technologists. If you're lucky, you can find a job for 35 thousand rubles. For example, the Comfotex company (production of home clothes) invites an economist who will draw up a procurement plan in accordance with the orders of managers, correspond with suppliers of fabrics and accessories, and draw up a schedule for launching new models into production. Equipment Maintenance Engineer Portrait. Engineers must have not only technical skills, but also leadership abilities: they will have to manage a group of fixers, make sure that the workers on the shops comply with safety regulations, and so on. Therefore, the skills of communicating with people (and not just with machines) are required. Education. Profile specialties - "Machines and devices of the textile and light industry" or "Automation of technological processes and production" with a specialization in "automation of technological processes in light industry". At the institute you will study the basics of automated production, calculation and design of typical light industry machines, installation and operation of technological equipment. Industry universities always have established ties with manufacturing enterprises, so you will receive practice and first engineering skills while still a student. For a further career, you will need to periodically improve your qualifications - for example, to obtain admissions for conducting safety briefings. What you need to know and be able to do. The engineer must be able to install equipment, carry out repair and service work. It is imperative to know the specifics of the equipment of light industry enterprises - from conveyor lines to hoisting machines and mechanisms. To be able to draw up repair work schedules, control the availability of spare parts and, if necessary, order them. When a company renews its technical equipment, it is necessary to organize tenders for the purchase of equipment, negotiate with contractors and, in the end, decide what to buy. Some companies will require knowledge of English to translate technical documentation. Scene. In production, engineers are in greater demand than economists, so you can always find a job in your specialty. “I graduated from the Kosygin Moscow Textile Institute with a degree in Machines and Apparatus for Textile, Light Industry and Consumer Services,” says Dmitry Fedorchenko. - After graduation I went as a foreman to the Trekhgornaya Manufactory Cotton Mill. Three years later, I started looking for a place where they would pay more - I had a chance to work in a construction company as the head of the repair group of the maintenance of buildings and structures, then as an engineer for technological equipment at Avon production. " Sometimes there are vacancies in companies - equipment suppliers. For example, Welltex only accepts people with experience in manufacturing for the position of industrial sewing equipment manager. An engineer will earn 30-50 thousand rubles, depending on the volume of production. The peak of a career is the position of a chief engineer. Fashion designer Portrait. The designer is interested not only in the creative side of the development of clothing and footwear models, but also in the technological one. Therefore, such specialists must combine aesthetics, good taste and knowledge of fashion trends with a craving for engineering. Education. Profile university specialties - "Designing garments", "Designing leather products." You will receive the qualification of an engineer (designer of a garment production). Unlike design specialties, a designer is considered to be more of a technical specialist, and to a lesser extent of a creative one. However, creativity can be replenished with courses in fashion design or college. A specialist with two such educations will be in demand in many areas - from manufacturing enterprises to fashion houses. What you need to know and be able to do. The tasks of the designer are the creation of models of clothes or shoes, drawing sketches, selection of materials, accessories, elaboration of the product, launching into production. Some enterprises require the designer to supervise the production together with the technologists. Development of design documentation is another required skill: you need to be able to describe clothing models by fabric composition, cut, model type, fit, etc. Knowledge of special programs is required. Scene. You can work not only in sewing and shoe factories, but also in small ateliers, workshops for the production of theatrical clothes and shoes, and even for sewing clothes for priests. In the commercial and industrial company "Legpromtorg" (production of men's clothing and accessories), a clothing designer is also called a product manager. He develops an assortment plan for the collection, analyzes the clothing market, the main trends in fashion, fabrics, technologies, and participates in pricing. At another enterprise (production of women's knitwear), the position of a designer is combined with the functions of a technologist. “We do not have our own production,” says Irina V., a representative of the company, “therefore, the designer-technologist must organize the sewing of models at third-party factories in Moscow and be responsible for the timing of the finished product. And, of course, he has standard responsibilities for the development of patterns for products from cut and knitted jersey, quality control of samples and serial models. " Clothing designers are paid 30-40 thousand rubles. Highest point a career can become your own atelier or workshop.
The light industry includes a significant number of sub-sectors, making clothes, footwear, textile products, leather and fur products, etc.
Mainly, the products of the light industry (as well as the food industry) are designed to meet the demand of the country's population for consumer goods and have an insignificant export value. However, global corporations and branded enterprises for sewing clothes and shoes, whose trade marks are especially famous, are spreading the production and sale of finished products all over the world. These include both the world-famous elite fashion enterprises Dolce Gabana, Hermes, Armani, Christian Dior, Versace, and brands of more democratic sportswear and footwear (Adidas, Puma, Nike, etc.). The leading place in the world production of light industry goods is textiles.
The textile industry provides about half of the total production of light industry goods in the world, and also ranks first in it in terms of the number of employees. Its main function is to produce consumer goods, primarily fabrics and knitwear. Along with this, it satisfies with its products and many production needs. Depending on raw materials, the textile industry is subdivided into sub-sectors: cotton, woolen, silk, linen, knitwear, the industry for the production of fabrics from chemical fibers, and the production of nonwovens.
Textile industry
The textile industry is the oldest of all branches of the modern industry. It was with her that the industrial revolution in England began in the 18th century, which marked the transition from manufacturing to factory production. For a long time, the textile industry remained the leading industry in most developed countries of the world, but in the XX century. its share in gross output, in the structure of employment of the economically active population began to decrease, and in the second half of the XX century. the textile industry entered a period of prolonged structural crisis. During the industrialization of the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, the ratio between developed and developing countries in the production of textiles began to change.The modern textile industry does not belong to the branches of the world economy, which are developing dynamically. At least in the 90s of the XX century. world production of all kinds of fabrics remained at about 100-120 billion m2 per year. The growth rates of the world consumption of textile fibers grew rather rapidly until the beginning of the 1990s, then slowed down. Significant developmental impact textile industry had scientific and technological revolution, primarily as a result of automation and electronization of textile production, changes in its structure, nature of placement, etc. Two factors had a significant impact on the development and placement of the textile industry in the world over the past decades:
1) dramatic shifts in its raw material base and, accordingly, in the industry structure;
2) a change in the role of individual factors in the orientation of its location led to significant shifts in its territorial structure.
Let's characterize the raw material base of the textile industry. The main changes in this area are closely related to the achievements of scientific and technological revolution and consist in a gradual but steady reduction in the proportion of natural fibers and an increase in the proportion of chemical fibers, especially synthetic ones. This made it possible to significantly expand and strengthen raw material base industry. By the mid-1990s, the consumption of natural and man-made fibers was practically equal. At the same time, the structure of consumption of natural fibers remained almost unchanged: as before, 80% of it accounted for cotton, 11% - for wool, and the rest - for other types of fibers. The structure of consumption of chemical fibers, on the contrary, in recent decades has changed a lot: for example, in 1955 the ratio of artificial (viscose) and synthetic fibers was in the proportion of 90: 10, and in the mid-1990s - 15: 85.
Another important structural and technological innovation of the scientific and technological revolution era is the rapid development of knitwear production, which in Western countries has become almost the main sub-sector of the entire textile industry. This is largely due to the fact that labor productivity in knitwear production is several times higher than, for example, in weaving. But the industry of nonwovens developed even faster, more and more are used for technical purposes. In addition, labor productivity in this sub-industry is higher than in knitwear.
Changes in the raw material base of the industry have largely determined shifts in its sectoral structure. At the end of the 1990s, 75 million m2 of cotton fabrics (on average 13 m2 per capita), 21-22 million m2 of silk fabrics (9 m2 per capita), 2.5 million m2 of woolen fabrics (0.5 m2 per capita) and even less linen and other types of fabrics. About chemical fibers, it should be borne in mind that they are now mainly used in the so-called mixed fabrics, i.e. in combination with wool, silk, cotton (especially for bulk polyester fiber). For example, almost all production of silk fabrics is now based on chemical fibers.
Changes in the geography of the global textile industry, also caused by shifts in its raw material base, but to an even greater extent they depend on factors such as the cost of labor. It turned out that in this regard, the difference between economically developed and developing countries is huge: for example, in Indonesia, the cost work force is 0.24 US dollars per hour, in Pakistan - 0.4, in India and China - 0.6; in the USA - 13, in France - 14-15, in Germany - 21-22 USD. It is precisely the cheapening of labor that played a decisive role in the "large relocation" of the textile (and clothing) industry from developed countries to developing countries. It should be borne in mind that in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Syria, Turkey, Iran, Egypt, Morocco, Mexico, Colombia, Brazil and Argentina, this industry was formed even before the Second World War, and therefore needed significant modernization.
But in the newly industrialized countries of Asia (for example, Thailand), it arose relatively recently on a completely modern technical basis. In the 2000s, the process of reducing the production of fabrics in the developed countries of the West and an increase in their production in developing countries continued especially actively. As a result, from 1970 to 2000, developing countries almost doubled their production in the world market, and in the mid-1990s their share in the world production of fabrics reached 60%.
The same geographical shifts can be traced on the example of individual subsectors of the textile industry, primarily the main one - cotton. To do this, it is enough to get acquainted with the top ten countries for the production of cotton fabrics. The same shifts can be clearly traced in the production of fabrics from chemical fibers, as well as, but to a lesser extent, in the production of woolen and silk fabrics. It is worth adding that there are differences among developing countries. For example, the sub-regions of East and Southeast Asia have now become a kind of epicenter of the world textile industry.
The major geographic shifts described above are closely related to changes in foreign trade in textiles. Back in the mid-1980s, developing countries accounted for about 1/4 of the world's textile exports, but now their share is much larger. Sometimes 2/3, and even 3/4 of the goods produced are sent to foreign markets. Therefore, China (together with Hong Kong), Turkey, India, Tunisia, Morocco, Indonesia, Bangladesh are in the lead in the export of textiles today.
Garment industry
Now this industry is gradually moving to developing, to their cheap labor, where the beginning of industrialization is associated with the garment industry. In the leading countries of the world, there is a process of a sharp decline in the garment industry, which increasingly specializes in the production of fashionable unique products, reducing mass tailoring. The international exchange of garments is developing, with developed countries increasingly specializing in elite garments, and developing countries in mass tailoring. Despite such shifts among the largest centers of the garment industry, New York continues to stand out as the world's largest center for the garment industry, Paris and Rome as "fashion centers", provide not only a significant share of individual products, but also determine the direction of development of fashion in the world ... Dispersed, often home-based, garment manufacturing is most developed in Hong Kong, which has become part of the PRC.Footwear industry
Shifting trends in developing countries, especially characteristic of the footwear industry, which over the past decade has sharply changed its location and has literally moved from developed countries to developing countries, again in countries with cheap labor. This process continues today, experts predict the emergence of new countries - shoe manufacturers, for example, China, Vietnam. 10 years ago, the United States and Italy played the main role in the footwear industry, and now the countries of Asia and the Middle East account for 60% of the world's footwear production, and Western Europe - 9, South America- 7, USA - only 6%. The largest producing countries are China, the CIS, the Republic of Korea, Italy, Taiwan, Japan, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and the United States.So, today the location of the footwear industry has changed significantly, it is focused primarily on cheap labor. The trendsetters are still Italian firms, and sometimes manufacturers from countries such as Austria, where only the main enterprises remain - suppliers of models for mass production of enterprises that are scattered around the world. In total, light industry is characterized by the location of mass production in less developed countries and the production of models in industrialized ones.
General characteristics of the food industry
The main purpose of the food industry is food production. Virtually all food consumed by humans is processed industrially. Therefore, the role of the food industry is constantly growing. Its development makes it possible to sustainably provide people with food throughout the year. Food concentrates, canned food, frozen vegetables and fruits do not deteriorate during transportation and long-term storage. Without their production, the development of territories with difficult natural conditions, unfavorable for agriculture, would be impossible. The food industry is closely related to agriculture, which is the main source of raw materials for the industry. Processing of agricultural raw materials into products of long-term storage, large capacities of refrigerators food enterprises ensure a constant and even supply of foodstuffs to the market, in particular, perishable foodstuffs. Waste from the industry is used both in agriculture and in other industries (light, pharmaceutical, etc.).The food industry satisfies the daily needs of the population in a very diverse range of products (for example, there are hundreds of varieties of cheese or beer alone). This led to the formation of many enterprises in the industry (in the world about 50 thousand firms are engaged in the production of confectionery products alone), specializing in the production of certain food or flavoring products. At the same time, the range of products is constantly being updated, new consumer qualities are given to it.
Food industry structure
The food industry has a complex structure, including dozens of different processes in terms of the use of raw materials and technology. At present, several of their groups have formed.Food industry
Basic
production
The main
production
Food flavor
industry
Products require further processing
Products are used as food
Uses food raw materials for its production
flour mill
raw sugar production
slaughter
fish catch
production of semi-finished products
meat
fish
canning
dairy
bakery
confectionery
fruit and vegetable
and etc.
production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages
production of tea, coffee, herbs and spices
yeast
saline
Features of certain branches of the food industry
Meat industry. The production of meat products is growing faster than the population of the planet. Differences in meat production per capita are very large - from 365 to 5 kg in individual countries (in the world - 36 kg). In the geography of the meat industry by the end of the XX century. there have been great changes: for the first time, developing countries provide more than half of the production. Asia became the main region of the industry, and in it the PRC is the leader in meat production, ahead of the United States. North. America produces it, like Zap. Europe, half the size. Meat production in Russia and other CIS countries fell sharply. A small amount of this product enters the world market.
Fishing industry.
Fish and seafood in the world receive 2 times less than meat. A powerful fishing fleet and special ports with enterprises for deep processing of seafood have been created, although some of them are processed at canning floating bases right in the fishing grounds. The geography of the industry has undergone profound changes. Pacific Ocean became the leading fishing area, and the countries of this basin provide more than 70% of the world's production. Thus, the industry shifted from Western Europe to Asia. The composition of the leaders in fishing has also changed: in the 50s. they were Japan, the USA and the USSR, and in 2000 - China, Peru, Chile. Catches in Russia have declined significantly.The butter and cheese industry provides the most valuable food products based on deep milk processing. The production of cheese in the world has already exceeded the production of animal oil by 1.5 times. Its per capita consumption varies greatly by country: from 5 kg in Russia to 50 kg in New Zealand or Denmark. Zap. Europe remains its main producer, North. America is the second (the largest number in the world is given by the USA). These two regions account for over 70% of the world's cheese. Another important change in the industry: the production of margarine is already twice the production of animal oil, the USA is the leader in production.
Sugar industry. The main raw material is sugar cane. This determined the geography of the industry: more than 1/3 of the product comes from Asia, a little less from South. America (in total, their share in the world is 60%). The main producers are India and Brazil.
Geography of the food industry in the world
The food industry in the world in economically developed and developing countries is diverse. The production of products in this industry, which provides the population with food, is constantly growing.
The production of certain types of products is determined by the demand for it.
Some sectors of the food industry are experiencing a crisis of overproduction, but at the same time new sectors are emerging.
In economically developed countries, in connection with a change in the structure of nutrition in order to improve the state of health, new food industries are formed, which produce special goods.
Food production has a direct link to one of the global problems humanity - a food problem.
The food industry consists of two categories of industries, different in scale and nature of location.
The first category is the industries that operate on imported raw materials. They are focused on ports of entry of products, railway junctions, large industrial centers, capital Cities. The manufactured products are highly transportable. These are the production of confectionery, beverages, flour mills, the tobacco industry, etc. The second group of enterprises includes:
1) industries that focus on raw materials (sugar, meat processing plants, butter, cheese making, etc.);
2) industries that are consumer-oriented (bakery industry, production of semi-finished products, etc.).
Back forward
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Target: Formation of knowledge about professional activities in trade and public catering.
Tasks:
- To acquaint students with enterprises engaged in trading activities, with professions in the field of trade and in the field of public catering;
- Develop thinking, outlook of students, the ability to express their point of view;
- To foster interest in the subject, in professional activity.
Equipment: presentation for the lesson, multimedia complex (computer, screen, projector).
During the classes
1. Organizational moment.
2. Checking homework.
Viewing students' presentations, listening to messages on the topic of professional activities in the light and food industries.
3. Topic and purpose of the lesson.
1 slide. What a word is encrypted.
Today in the lesson we will talk about professional activities in trade, consider the types of trade enterprises, professions and professional requirements for trade workers.
Learning a new topic.
2 slide. The definition of "trade is ...."
3 slide. Enterprises engaged in trading activities can be divided into groups.
- Group 1: FMCG stores. 3 slide.
- Group 2: supermarket. 4 slide.
- Group 3: specialized stores. 5 slide.
- 4 group: shopping mall... 6 slide.
- Group 5: warehouse - store. 7 slide.
- Group 6: shops selling from catalogs. 8 slide.
- 7 slide: professions involved in trade related to the type "person - person"
Consider trade professions. 8 slide.
Consolidation of the studied material.
Before you is a rectangle with a set of letters, of which you need to find ten words denoting various types of human economic activity. It is impossible for you to recognize them, while the words in the grid are written from left to right and right to left, from top to bottom and vice versa, break, but do not intersect and cannot be read diagonally. Questions are suggested for answers. Do not forget that the number of letters of the correct answer is indicated in parentheses. You need to split up into groups. Each group will receive questions.
| B | R | E | TO | L | A | B | YU | D | F |
| AND | TO | O | N | TO | M | R | M | A | E |
| Z | N | E | WITH | Have | A | S | N | R | T |
| YU | T | D | M | R | E | N | O | TO | E |
| L | A | AND | E | E | N | C | TO | T | T |
| A | TO | L | N | D | B | AND | A | O | AND |
| V | R | E | R | AND | G | I AM | TO | V | N |
| N | E | D | AND | T | I AM | AND | C | A | G |
| A | P | R | AND | B | S | L | B | R | R |
| L | O | G | M | E | N | E | D | F | E |
1. Entrepreneur, merchant (9).
2. Financial plan of income and expenses (6).
3. Information about goods and services (7).
4. Rivalry between entrepreneurs and producers of goods and services (11).
5. The sphere of commodity-money circulation (5).
1. Product and services intended for implementation (5).
2. Securities (5).
3. Specialist in operations with securities (5).
4. A product that meets the universal equivalent of labor assessment (6).
5. Management of production and sales of products (9).
Group 3:
1. Money supply of a foreign country (6).
2. Presentation of money and goods in debt (6).
3. Income (7).
4. Monetary funds allocated to the state budget (5).
5. Professional manager (8).
1. A businessman.
4. Competition.
9. Money.
10. Marketing.
11. Currency.
12. Credit.
13. Profit.
15. Manager.
Which words from the types of human economic activity refer to trade?
6. D / Z. Prepare a message on the trade profession.
