The territory subordinated to the city of Sevastopol, as well as the northern part of the Arabat Spit belonging to the Kherson region of Ukraine, is located on the Crimean peninsula, but is not part of the republic.
Population
Population of urban districts and districts
Distribution of the resident population by urban districts and districts of the Republic of Crimea based on the results of the population census in the Crimean Federal District as of October 14, 2014 and according to the current registration data as of July 1, 2014:
| urban district / district |
Total 14.X. 2014 people |
urban population 14.X. 2014 people |
% | rural population 14.X. 2014 people |
% | Total 1.VII. 2014 people |
urban population 1.VII. 2014 people |
% | rural population 1.VII. 2014 people |
% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republic of Crimea | 1891465 | 959916 | 50,75% | 931549 | 49,25% | 1884473 | 956332 | 50,75% | 928141 | 49,25% |
| Simferopol | 352363 | 332317 | 94,31% | 20046 | 5,69% | 351544 | 331492 | 94,30% | 20052 | 5,70% |
| Alushta | 52318 | 29078 | 55,58% | 23240 | 44,42% | 52084 | 28959 | 55,60% | 23125 | 44,40% |
| Armyansk | 24415 | 21987 | 90,06% | 2428 | 9,94% | 24328 | 21909 | 90,06% | 2419 | 9,94% |
| Dzhankoy | 38622 | 38622 | 100,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 38494 | 38494 | 100,00% | 0 | 0,00% |
| Evpatoria | 119258 | 105719 | 88,65% | 13539 | 11,35% | 118643 | 105232 | 88,70% | 13411 | 11,30% |
| Kerch | 147033 | 147033 | 100,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 146066 | 146066 | 100,00% | 0 | 0,00% |
| Krasnoperekopsk | 26268 | 26268 | 100,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 26183 | 26183 | 100,00% | 0 | 0,00% |
| Saki | 25146 | 25146 | 100,00% | 0 | 0,00% | 25016 | 25016 | 100,00% | 0 | 0,00% |
| Zander | 32278 | 16492 | 51,09% | 15786 | 48,91% | 31981 | 16339 | 51,09% | 15642 | 48,91% |
| Feodosia | 100962 | 69038 | 68,38% | 31924 | 31,62% | 100629 | 68823 | 68,39% | 31806 | 31,61% |
| Yalta | 133675 | 84517 | 63,23% | 49158 | 36,77% | 133176 | 84250 | 63,26% | 48926 | 36,74% |
| Bakhchisaray district | 90911 | 27448 | 30,19% | 63463 | 69,81% | 90731 | 27395 | 30,19% | 63336 | 69,81% |
| Belogorsk district | 60445 | 16354 | 27,06% | 44091 | 72,94% | 60311 | 16327 | 27,07% | 43984 | 72,93% |
| Dzhankoy region | 68429 | 0 | 0,00% | 68429 | 100,00% | 68201 | 0,00% | 68201 | 100,00% | |
| Kirovsky district | 50834 | 9277 | 18,25% | 41557 | 81,75% | 50559 | 9228 | 18,25% | 41331 | 81,75% |
| Krasnogvardeisky district | 83135 | 0 | 0,00% | 83135 | 100,00% | 82860 | 0 | 0,00% | 82860 | 100,00% |
| Krasnoperekopsky district | 24738 | 0 | 0,00% | 24738 | 100,00% | 24661 | 0 | 0,00% | 24661 | 100,00% |
| Leninsky district | 61143 | 10620 | 17,37% | 50523 | 82,63% | 61138 | 10619 | 17,37% | 50519 | 82,63% |
| Nizhnegorsk district | 45092 | 0 | 0,00% | 45092 | 100,00% | 44938 | 0 | 0,00% | 44938 | 100,00% |
| Pervomaisky district | 32789 | 0 | 0,00% | 32789 | 100,00% | 32750 | 0 | 0,00% | 32750 | 100,00% |
| Razdolnensky district | 30633 | 0 | 0,00% | 30633 | 100,00% | 30458 | 0 | 0,00% | 30458 | 100,00% |
| Saki district | 76489 | 0 | 0,00% | 76489 | 100,00% | 76227 | 0 | 0,00% | 76227 | 100,00% |
| Simferopol district | 152091 | 0 | 0,00% | 152091 | 100,00% | 151346 | 0 | 0,00% | 151346 | 100,00% |
| Soviet District | 31898 | 0 | 0,00% | 31898 | 100,00% | 31758 | 0 | 0,00% | 31758 | 100,00% |
| Chernomorsky district | 30500 | 0 | 0,00% | 30500 | 100,00% | 30391 | 0 | 0,00% | 30391 | 100,00% |
Settlements
Main article: Large settlements of CrimeaIn the Republic of Crimea, there are 1,019 settlements, including 16 urban settlements (16 cities) and 1003 rural settlements (including 56 urban settlements (counted as rural) and 947 villages and settlements).
History
In the period from the end of 1917 to the end of 1920, Crimea passed "from hand to hand" (Muslims, "red", Germans, Ukrainians, again "red", "white", and again "red"). After the final establishment of Soviet power in Crimea, 2 new counties were formed - Sevastopol (December 15, 1920) and Kerch (December 25, 1920).
On January 8, 1921, the division of counties into parishes was abolished. Instead, a county-district system was created. In the Dzhankoy (former Perekop) uyezd, the Armenian and Dzhankoy districts were formed; in Kerch - Kerch and Petrovsky; in Sevastopol - Sevastopol and Bakhchisarai; in Simferopol - Biyuk-Onlarsky, Karasubazarsky, Sarabuzsky and Simferopol; in Feodosia - Ichkinsky, Staro-Crimean, Sudak and Feodosia; in Yalta - Alushta and Yalta.
Crimean ASSR
On October 18, 1921, by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Taurida province of the RSFSR was transformed into the Crimean ASSR, divided into 7 districts (former districts), which, in turn, were divided into 20 districts.
In November 1923, the districts were abolished and 15 districts were created instead of them: Ak-Mechetsky, Alushta, Armenian, Bakhchisarai, Dzhankoy, Evpatoria, Kerch, Karasubazar, Sarabuz, Sevastopol, Simferopol, Staro-Krymsky, Sudak, Yalutinodosia and Feetinodosia. However, already in 1924 Ak-Mechetsky, Alushta, Armenian, Sarabuz and Staro-Krymsky districts were abolished.
On October 30, 1930, instead of 10 districts, 16 were created: Ak-Mechetsky, Alushta, Balaklava, Bakhchisaraisky, Biyuk-Onlarsky, Dzhankoysky, Evpatorisky, Ishunsky, Karasubazarsky, Leninsky, Seytlersky, Simferopol, Staro-Crimean, Sudak, Feodosia and Yalta. The cities of Kerch, Sevastopol, Simferopol and Feodosia were under republican subordination.
In 1935, 10 new districts were formed: Ak-Sheikhsky, Ichkinsky, Kirovsky, Kolaysky, Kuibyshevsky, Larindorfsky, Mayak-Salynsky, Saki, Telmansky and Freidorfsky. The Feodosia region was abolished. In 1937, the Zuisky District was formed.
Some districts had national status: Balaklava, Kuibyshevsky, Bakhchisarai, Yalta, Alushta, Sudak - Crimean Tatar, Freidorf and Larindorf - Jewish, Buyuk-Onlarsky and Telmansky - German, Ishunsky (later Krasnoperekopsky) - Ukrainian. By the beginning of World War II, all areas lost their national status (in 1938 - German, in - Jewish, then all the rest).
On the map, Crimean Tatar regions are highlighted in turquoise, Jewish - in blue, German - in orange, Ukrainian - in yellow, mixed areas - in pink.
| 1 Akmechitsky (Ak-Mechetsky) district | 15 Kuibyshevsky district (center of Albat) |
| 2 Aksheikh (Ak-Sheikh) region | 16 Larindorf district (center of Dzhurchi) |
| 3 Alushta district | 17 Leninsky district |
| 4 Balaklava region | 18 Mayak-Salynsky district |
| 5 Bakhchisaray district | 19 Saki district |
| 6 Buyuk-Onlar district | 20 Seyitler district |
| 7 Dzhankoy region | 21 Simferopol district |
| 8 Evpatoria region | 22 Starokrymsky district |
| 9 Zuisky district | 23 Sudak district |
| 10 Ichkinsky district | 24 Telmansky district (center of Kurman-Kemelchi) |
| 11 Kalay district | 25 Freidorf district |
| 12 Karasubazar region | 26 Yalta district |
| 13 Kirovsky district (center of Islyam-Terek) | 27 Sevastopol |
| 14 Krasnoperekopsky district |
Crimean region
On December 14, 1944, 11 regions of Crimea were renamed: Ak-Mechetsky - into Chernomorsky, Ak-Sheikhsky - into Razdolnensky, Biyuk-Onlarsky - into Oktyabrsky, Ichkinsky - into Sovetsky, Karasubazarsky - into Belogorsky, Kolaysky - into Azov, Larindorf - into Pervomaisky , Mayak-Salynsky - to Primorsky, Seitlersky - to Nizhnegorsky, Telmansky - to Krasnogvardeisky, Freidorf - to Novosyolovsky.
On June 30, 1945, the Crimean ASSR was transformed into the Crimean region. In addition to 26 districts, it included 6 cities of regional subordination: Evpatoria, Kerch, Sevastopol, Simferopol, Feodosia and Yalta.
In 1948, Sevastopol was separated into an "independent administrative and economic center" and "referred to the category of cities of republican subordination" [⇨] ... In the same year, the Yalta region was abolished. In 1953, the Novoselovsky district was abolished, in 1957-1959 - the Balaklava, Zuisky and Staro-Krymsky districts. The city of Dzhankoy was transferred to the regional subordination.
On December 30, 1962, the Azov, Kirovsky, Kuibyshevsky, Oktyabrsky, Pervomaisky, Primorsky, Razdolnensky, Saki, Simferopol, Soviet and Sudak districts were abolished. The remaining 10 districts (Alushta, Bakhchisaraisky, Belogorsky, Dzhankoysky, Evpatorisky, Krasnogvardeisky, Krasnoperekopsky, Leninsky, Nizhnegorsky and Chernomorsky) were transformed into rural areas... In 1963, instead of the Evpatoria region, the Saki region was created. In 1964, the Alushta region was abolished, and Alushta was transformed into a city of regional subordination.
On January 4, 1965, the rural areas were converted into districts. The Kirovsky, Razdolnensky and Simferopol districts were also restored. In 1966, Pervomaisky and Sovetsky districts were created. In 1979, Saki received the status of a city of regional subordination. In the same year, the Sudak region was formed.
After 1991
In 1993 Armyansk received the status of a city of republican subordination.
After 2014
In 2014, territories with settlements subordinated to city councils of cities of republican subordination received the status of municipalities as urban districts.
All urban-type settlements that had such a status at the time of joining Russia in March 2014 lost their status as urban settlements and were classified as rural settlements; It is in this capacity that they were taken into account in the materials of the 2014 census, which led to the statistical phenomenon of growth in the rural population and a decrease in the urban population of the Republic of Crimea.
see also
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- // Topographic maps regions of Ukraine 1: 200000, approximately 2006
- // Topographic maps of the regions of Ukraine 1: 200000, approximately 2006
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An excerpt characterizing the administrative-territorial division of the Republic of Crimea
- Lanciers du sixieme, [Lancers of the sixth regiment.] - said Dolokhov, not shortening or adding to the horse's speed. The black figure of the sentry stood on the bridge.- Mot d "ordre? [Feedback?] - Dolokhov held his horse and rode at a walk.
- Dites donc, le colonel Gerard est ici? [Tell me, is Colonel Gerard here?] He said.
“Mot d" ordre! ”Said the sentry without answering, blocking the road.
- Quand un officier fait sa ronde, les sentinelles ne demandent pas le mot d "ordre ..." Dolokhov shouted, suddenly bursting into flames, running into the sentry. "Je vous demande si le colonel est ici? recall ... I ask if the colonel is here?]
And, without waiting for an answer from the straying sentry, Dolokhov walked up the hill at a step.
Noticing the black shadow of a man crossing the road, Dolokhov stopped this man and asked where the commander and officers were? This man, with a sack on his shoulder, a soldier, stopped, approached Dolokhov's horse, touching it with his hand, and simply and amiably told that the commander and officers were higher on the mountain, on the right side, in the yard of the farm (as he called the master's manor).
Having passed along the road, on both sides of which the French dialect sounded from the fires, Dolokhov turned into the courtyard of the manor house. Having passed through the gate, he dismounted from his horse and walked over to a large, blazing fire, around which several people were sitting, talking loudly. Something was boiling in a pot on the edge, and a soldier in a cap and a blue greatcoat, kneeling, brightly lit by fire, was stirring in it with a ramrod.
- Oh, c "est un dur a cuire, [You can't get along with this devil.] - said one of the officers sitting in the shade on the opposite side of the fire.
- Il les fera marcher les lapins ... [He will go through them ...] - another said with a laugh. Both fell silent, peering into the darkness at the sound of Dolokhov and Petya's footsteps approaching the fire with their horses.
- Bonjour, messieurs! [Hello, gentlemen!] Dolokhov said loudly, distinctly.
The officers stirred in the shadow of the fire, and one, a tall officer with a long neck, avoiding the fire, approached Dolokhov.
“C" est vous, Clement? "He said." D "ou, diable ... [Is that you, Clement? Where the hell ...] - but he did not finish, having learned his mistake, and, slightly frowning, as if he were a stranger, he greeted Dolokhov, asking him how he could serve. Dolokhov said that he and his comrade were catching up with their regiment, and asked, addressing everyone in general, if the officers knew anything about the sixth regiment. Nobody knew anything; and it seemed to Petya that the officers began to examine him and Dolokhov with hostility and suspicion. Everyone was silent for a few seconds.
- Si vous comptez sur la soupe du soir, vous venez trop tard, [If you are counting on dinner, then you are late.] - said with a restrained laugh the voice from behind the fire.
Dolokhov replied that they were full and that they had to go on at night.
He handed the horses over to the soldier in the bowler hat and squatted down by the fire next to the long-necked officer. This officer, without taking his eyes off, looked at Dolokhov and asked him again: what kind of regiment was he? Dolokhov did not answer, as if he had not heard the question, and, lighting a short French pipe, which he took out of his pocket, he asked the officers how safe was the road from the Cossacks ahead of them.
- Les brigands sont partout, [These robbers are everywhere.] - the officer answered from behind the fire.
Dolokhov said that the Cossacks are terrible only for such backward ones as he and his comrade, but that the Cossacks probably did not dare to attack large detachments, he added inquiringly. Nobody answered anything.
"Well, now he will leave," Petya thought every minute, standing in front of the fire and listening to his conversation.
But Dolokhov began the conversation that had stopped again and began directly asking how many people they had in the battalion, how many battalions, how many prisoners. Asking about the Russian prisoners who were with their detachment, Dolokhov said:
- La vilaine affaire de trainer ces cadavres apres soi. Vaudrait mieux fusiller cette canaille, [It's a bad thing to carry these corpses with you. It would be better to shoot this bastard.] - and laughed loudly with such a strange laugh that it seemed to Petya that the French would now recognize the deception, and he involuntarily stepped back a step from the fire. No one answered Dolokhov's words and laughter, and the French officer, whom he could not see (he was lying wrapped in his greatcoat), got up and whispered something to his comrade. Dolokhov got up and called the soldier with the horses.
"Will the horses be served or not?" - thought Petya, involuntarily approaching Dolokhov.
The horses were served.
- Bonjour, messieurs, [Here: goodbye, gentlemen.] - said Dolokhov.
Petya wanted to say bonsoir [good evening] and could not finish the word. The officers were whispering something to each other. Dolokhov sat for a long time on a horse that did not stand; then he walked out of the gate at a step. Petya rode beside him, wanting and not daring to look back to see whether the French were running or not running after them.
Having left on the road, Dolokhov drove not back into the field, but along the village. At one point he stopped, listening.
- Do you hear? - he said.
Petya recognized the sounds of Russian voices, saw the dark figures of Russian prisoners by the fires. Going down to the bridge, Petya and Dolokhov passed the sentry, who, without saying a word, walked gloomily across the bridge, and drove into a hollow where the Cossacks were waiting.
- Well, now goodbye. Tell Denisov that at dawn, at the first shot, ”Dolokhov said and wanted to drive, but Petya grabbed him with his hand.
- No! - he cried, - you are such a hero. Oh, how good! How wonderful! How I love you.
- Good, good, - said Dolokhov, but Petya did not let him go, and in the darkness Dolokhov saw that Petya was bent over him. He wanted to kiss. Dolokhov kissed him, laughed and, turning his horse, disappeared into the darkness.
NS
Returning to the guardhouse, Petya found Denisov in the entryway. Denisov, agitated, worried and annoyed with himself that he had let Petya go, was expecting him.
- Thank God! He shouted. - Well, thank God! - he repeated, listening to Petya's enthusiastic story. “And why take you, I haven't slept because of you!” Denisov said. “Well, thank God, now go to bed. Another vzdg "let's eat until utg" a.
- Yes ... No, - said Petya. “I don’t feel like sleeping yet.” Yes, I know myself, if I fall asleep, it’s over. And then I got used to not sleeping before the battle.
Petya sat for some time in the hut, joyfully recalling the details of his trip and vividly imagining what would happen tomorrow. Then, noticing that Denisov fell asleep, he got up and went into the yard.
It was still completely dark outside. The rain had passed, but drops were still falling from the trees. Not far from the guardhouse were the black figures of Cossack huts and horses tied together. Behind the hut were two wagons with horses, and a dying fire blushed in the ravine. The Cossacks and hussars were not all asleep: in some places one could hear, together with the sound of falling drops and the close sound of horses chewing, quiet, as if whispering voices.
Petya came out of the entryway, looked around in the darkness and went up to the wagons. Someone was snoring under the wagons, and around them were saddled horses, chewing oats. In the dark, Petya recognized his horse, which he called Karabakh, although it was a Little Russian horse, and approached her.
“Well, Karabakh, we'll serve tomorrow,” he said, sniffing her nostrils and kissing her.
- What, sir, are you awake? - said the Cossack, who was sitting under the wagon.
- No; and ... Likhachev, it seems, is your name? After all, I have just arrived. We went to see the French. - And Petya told the Cossack in detail not only his trip, but also why he went and why he believes that it is better to risk his life than to do Lazarus at random.
- Well, they should have nap, - said the Cossack.
- No, I'm used to it, - Petya answered. - And what, you have no flints in your pistols? I brought with me. Isn't it necessary? Take it.
The Cossack leaned out from under the wagon to take a closer look at Petya.
“Because I'm used to doing everything neatly,” said Petya. - Others will not get ready so, somehow, then they regret it. I don't like that.
“That's for sure,” said the Cossack.
- And what's more, please, my dear, sharpen my saber; blunt ... (but Petya was afraid to lie) she was never honed. Can I do this?
- Why, you can.
Likhachev got up, rummaged in his packs, and Petya soon heard the warlike sound of steel on a block. He climbed onto the wagon and sat on the edge of it. The Cossack was sharpening his saber under the wagon.
- Well, well fellows are sleeping? - said Petya.
- Who is asleep, and who is like that.
- Well, what about the boy?
- Spring then? He collapsed there, in senets. Sleeping with fear. I was glad that I was.
For a long time after that, Petya was silent, listening to the sounds. Footsteps were heard in the darkness and a black figure appeared.
- What are you sharpening? - asked the man, approaching the wagon.
- And here's the master to sharpen his saber.
“It's a good thing,” said the man who seemed to Petya to be a hussar. - Do you have a cup left?
- And over there at the wheel.
The hussar took the cup.
“It’s probably light soon,” he said, yawning, and walked somewhere.
Petya should have known that he was in the forest, in Denisov’s party, a mile from the road, that he was sitting on a wagon, beaten off from the French, near which horses were tied, that Cossack Likhachev was sitting under him and sharpening his saber, that a big black spot to the right - a guardhouse, and a red bright spot below to the left - a burning fire, that the person who came for a cup is a hussar who wanted to drink; but he knew nothing and did not want to know it. He was in a magical realm in which there was nothing like reality. A big black spot, maybe there was a guardhouse, or maybe there was a cave that led to the very depths of the earth. The red spot may have been fire, or perhaps the eye of a huge monster. Maybe he is definitely sitting on a wagon now, but it may very well be that he is not sitting on a wagon, but on a scary high tower, from which if you fall, you would fly to the ground all day, a whole month - all fly and never reach. It may be that just a Cossack Likhachev is sitting under the truck, but it may very well be that this is the kindest, bravest, most wonderful, most excellent person in the world, whom no one knows. Perhaps it was as if the hussar was passing by for water and went into the hollow, or perhaps he had just disappeared from sight and completely disappeared, and he was not there.
Whatever Petya saw now, nothing would have surprised him. He was in a magical realm in which anything was possible.
He looked up at the sky. And the sky was as magical as the earth. It was clearing in the sky, and clouds flew quickly over the tops of the trees, as if revealing the stars. Sometimes it seemed that the sky was clearing and showing a black, clear sky. Sometimes it seemed that these black spots were clouds. Sometimes it seemed that the sky was high, rising high above the head; sometimes the sky descended completely, so that you could reach it with your hand.
Petya began to close his eyes and sway.
The drops were dripping. There was a quiet talk. The horses laughed and fought. Someone was snoring.
- Burning, burning, burning, burning ... - whistled a sharpened saber. And suddenly Petya heard a harmonious chorus of music playing some unknown, solemnly sweet hymn. Petya was musical, just like Natasha, and more than Nikolai, but he never studied music, did not think about music, and therefore the motives that suddenly occurred to him were especially new and attractive to him. The music played louder and louder. The melody grew, passed from one instrument to another. What is called a fugue was happening, although Petya had not the slightest idea of what a fugue was. Each instrument, sometimes similar to a violin, sometimes to trumpets - but better and cleaner than violins and trumpets - each instrument played its own and, without having finished playing the motif, merged with another, which began almost the same, and with the third, and with the fourth , and they all merged into one and again scattered, and again merged, now in the solemn church, now in the brightly brilliant and victorious.
“Oh, yes, it’s me in a dream,” Petya said to himself, swinging forward. - It's in my ears. Or maybe this is my music. Well, again. Go ahead my music! Well!.."
He closed his eyes. And from different sides, as if from afar, sounds fluttered, began to harmonize, scatter, merge, and again everything combined into the same sweet and solemn hymn. “Oh, what a charm it is! As much as I want and how I want, ”Petya said to himself. He tried to lead this huge choir of instruments.
“Well, quieter, quieter, freeze now. - And the sounds obeyed him. - Well, now it's fuller, more fun. Even more joyful. - And from an unknown depth rose the intensifying, solemn sounds. - Well, voices, bother! " - Petya ordered. And first, from afar, male voices were heard, then female voices. The voices grew, grew in a steady solemn effort. Petya was scared and joyful to listen to their extraordinary beauty.
The song merged with the solemn victorious march, and drops dripped, and burning, burning, burning ... the saber whistled, and again the horses fought and whinnied, not breaking the chorus, but entering it.
Petya did not know how long this went on: he was enjoying himself, all the time he was amazed at his pleasure and regretted that there was no one to tell him. Likhachev's gentle voice woke him up.
- Done, your honor, spread the guardian in two.
Petya woke up.
- It’s dawning, really, it’s dawning! He cried.
Horses previously unseen were visible to their tails, and a watery light could be seen through the bare branches. Petya shook himself, jumped up, took a ruble from his pocket and gave Likhachev, waving, tasted the saber and put it in its sheath. The Cossacks untied the horses and tightened the girths.
“Here's the commander,” said Likhachev. Denisov came out of the guardhouse and, calling Petya, ordered to get ready.
Quickly in the semi-darkness they dismantled the horses, tightened the girths and sorted them out according to commands. Denisov stood at the guardhouse, giving the last orders. The party's infantry, plopping with a hundred feet, walked forward along the road and quickly disappeared among the trees in the predawn fog. Esaul ordered something to the Cossacks. Petya kept his horse on the bit, eagerly awaiting the order to sit down. Having been washed with cold water, his face, especially his eyes, burned with fire, a chill ran down his spine, and in his whole body something was trembling quickly and evenly.
- Well, are you all ready? - said Denisov. - Come on horses.
The horses were served. Denisov got angry with the Cossack because the girths were weak, and, scolding him, sat down. Petya took hold of the stirrup. The horse, out of habit, wanted to bite him on the leg, but Petya, not feeling his own weight, quickly jumped into the saddle and, looking back at the hussars who had started behind in the darkness, drove up to Denisov.
- Vasily Fedorovich, will you entrust me with something? Please… for God's sake… ”he said. Denisov seemed to have forgotten about Petya's existence. He looked back at him.
- About one you pg "osh," he said sternly, "to obey me and not to meddle.
During the entire move Denisov did not speak a word more with Petya and drove in silence. When we arrived at the edge of the forest, it was already noticeably brightening in the field. Denisov talked something in a whisper with the esaul, and the Cossacks began to drive past Petya and Denisov. When they had all passed, Denisov touched his horse and rode downhill. Sitting on their backs and sliding, the horses descended with their riders into the hollow. Petya rode next to Denisov. The tremors in his entire body intensified. It became brighter and brighter, only the fog hid distant objects. Having rode down and looking back, Denisov nodded his head to the Cossack who stood beside him.
- Signal! He said.
The Cossack raised his hand, a shot rang out. And at the same instant there was the sound of pounding horses in front of them, shouts from different directions, and more shots.
At the same instant, as the first sounds of stomping and shouting were heard, Petya, hitting his horse and releasing the reins, without listening to Denisov shouting at him, galloped ahead. It seemed to Petya that all of a sudden, like the middle of the day, it was dawn brightly the minute the shot was heard. He galloped to the bridge. Cossacks galloped along the road ahead. On the bridge he ran into a straggler Cossack and rode on. Ahead, some people - they must have been the French - were running from the right side of the road to the left. One fell into the mud under the feet of Petya's horse.
Cossacks crowded around one hut, doing something. A terrible cry came from the middle of the crowd. Petya galloped up to this crowd, and the first thing he saw was the pale face of a Frenchman with a trembling lower jaw, holding on to the shaft of a pike pointed at him.
- Hurray! .. Guys ... ours ... - Petya shouted and, giving the reins to the heated horse, galloped forward along the street.
Shots were heard ahead. Cossacks, hussars and Russian ragged prisoners who fled from both sides of the road, all loudly and awkwardly shouted something. A dashing Frenchman, without a hat, with a red scowling face, in a blue greatcoat, fought off the hussars with a bayonet. When Petya jumped up, the Frenchman had already fallen. Again he was late, it flashed through Petya's head, and he galloped over to where he heard frequent shots. Shots rang out in the courtyard of the manor house where he had been with Dolokhov last night. The French sat there behind a fence in a dense garden overgrown with bushes and fired at the Cossacks crowded at the gate. Approaching the gate, Petya in the powder smoke saw Dolokhov with a pale, greenish face, shouting something to people. “Take a detour! Infantry wait! " - he shouted, while Petya drove up to him.
Crimea is a major tourist center of the Black Sea. The territory of the peninsula is divided between two administrative entities: the republic of the same name and the Sevastopol city council.
Relatively recently, Crimea appeared on the map of Russia - this peninsula became part of our country in March 2014.
Cities and towns of Crimea
Detailed map Crimea with all roads and routes
The capital of the republic is Simferopol... She is rich ethnic composition: Russians, Tatars, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Azerbaijanis, Armenians, Uzbeks and other nationalities live in it.
There are many resorts of various types on the peninsula, located both on the coast and at some distance from it. As a rule, they are linked to settlements.
Cities resorts of Crimea
Yalta
Yalta is a large resort town on the South Bank. The city is the center large agglomeration- Big Yalta, which includes villages Alupka, Livadia, Oreanda, Massandra.
Yalta has the best climatic conditions for the treatment of patients with diseases of the nervous and respiratory system. The local ecosystem is unique as it was formed under the influence of both mountain and coastal climate.
There are many historical and architectural sights within the city limits. Among the latter, special attention of tourists is enjoyed by “ bird home"- a structure on a steep cliff above the sea, outwardly reminiscent of a medieval castle. In addition, there are many others in Yalta. memorable places, including the Livadia, Vorontsov and Massandra palace complexes.
There is a waterfall outside the city Uchan-Su, the mountains Ayu-Dag and Ai-Petri, Lake Karagol, Cape Nature Reserve Martyan... Developed transport infrastructure allows you to get to any of these attractions.
Sevastopol
Sevastopol is a large sea port, the base of the Black Sea Fleet. The city is girdled mountain range, which may seem interesting to connoisseurs active rest.
In Sevastopol, there are many agencies that are ready to organize diving and windsurfing, horseback riding, trips along the coast to motor boats and sailing yachts.
Simferopol
Simferopol is located far from the coast, however, when traveling to the South Bank, it is almost impossible to bypass this city. Administrative card Crimea designates it as the center of the republic. Considering rich history Simferopol, in and near the city there are many monuments of the past - the Scythian Naples, House Vorontsov, estate Sabers.
There are many museums and galleries, several theaters and a philharmonic society in Simferopol. Near the city there is the Su-Uchkhan waterfall and the adjoining Kizil-Koba cave, which is an ancient karst system with a length of at least 21 kilometers.
Alushta
Moving along the mountain route from Simferopol to the south, you can get to Alushta - the second most popular resort on the Crimean Black Sea coast after Yalta. The length of the health and tourist complex of Alushta is about 90 kilometers - this is Big Alushta, located between Partenit and the village of Privetnoye.
Alushta is located in a valley surrounded by the mountain peaks Demerdzhi, Eklizi-Burun and Roman-Kosh.
You can see the historical sights of Alushta, including the house-museums of the writers Ivan Shmelev and Sergei Sergeev-Tsensky. Outside the city, there is also the Museum of Nature of the Crimean Reserve, together with an arboretum. There are many attractions and entertainment complexes within walking distance from the coast.
Evpatoria
The city of Evpatoria is located in the western part of the peninsula, among many salt lakes. These are ideal conditions for the operation of balneological hospitals. In addition to the Evpatoria waters, local muds have a healing effect.
The number of sunny days in the city is greater than in Yalta. The swimming season in Evpatoria starts early, as the shallow Kalamitsky Bay is warming up quickly.
In summer, the Yevpatoria coast is characterized by breezes that provide cool air in warm water.
Near Evpatoria there are resorts Zaozernoe, Novofedorovka and Nikolaevka. Also, the city is located in close proximity to the Evpatoria group of lakes, including the Sivash and Moinaki reservoirs. There is a water park on the Evpatoria beach.
Alupka
The city of Alupka is located in the place where the Main mountain range Crimean mountains closest to the sea coast. To get here along the winding serpentines, you need a map of the peninsula. The streets in the city are intricate, many quarters are characterized by the features of mountain settlements. The length of Alupka along the coast is 4.5 kilometers, the Ai-Petri peak rises above the city.
Alupka is an integral part of the agglomeration Big Yalta... In addition to resorts, Alupka attracts tourists with the Vorontsov Palace - an architectural monument of the times of the Russian Empire.
Livadia
The settlement of Livadia is another part of Big Yalta. Once the village was used as a summer imperial residence, and in memory of those times, the Livadia Palace has been preserved, nowadays open to tourists.
Also, travelers are interested in Livadia Park, known for a variety of plants and shrubs, as well as for its unusual landscape. This park is the oldest on the coast. To get acquainted with the surroundings of Livadia in more detail, vacationers can use the service of one of the many agencies that organize excursions - however, you can go for a walk on your own.
Oreanda
The village of Oreanda, along with Alupka and Livadia, is a district of Big Yalta. His distinctive feature- natural landscapes. Fans of active recreation can visit the Krestovaya Gora located near the village and walk along the Tsarskoy trail.
Oreanda is famous for its Golden Beach, which is considered the best in Big Yalta. This beach is a natural stretch of coastline covered with polished pebbles. Local sea air suitable for the treatment of people with respiratory diseases.
Massandra
Massandra is an eastern suburb of Yalta. Famous wines are produced here: many of the mountain slopes near Massandra are set aside for vineyards. In the village there is a wine-making plant of the same name, which owns a rich collection of wines.
In addition to winemaking, Massandra is known for the palace of Alexander III, as well as Massandra Park.
Bakhchisarai
Bakhchisarai, like Simferopol, is a "continental" resort. Despite the absence of beaches, about half a million tourists visit the city every year. Basically, they are attracted by the medieval atmosphere of the city. In addition, Bakhchisarai has an advantageous geographical position, and is located in the place of an important traffic intersection between Sevastopol and Simferopol.
The main attraction of Bakhchisarai is the Khan's palace. In the vicinity of the city you can see "cave cities", as well as magnificent natural attractions: locality located between the Inner and Outer ridges of the Crimean mountains.
Kerch
Kerch is the most eastern city peninsula, its "sea gate" for those who travel by ferry. The city is interesting because it is the port of Black and Azov seas, as well as in the immediate vicinity of the Sivash water area. Both seas, as well as the lake, have different hydrological regimes, so the conditions for recreation on their shores are different.
The steppe landscape prevails in the vicinity of the city. Those who wish, in addition to the beaches, can visit the Melek-Chesmensky mound - an ancient well-preserved burial place, today transformed into a museum.
Old Crimea
This city is located in the east of the peninsula in a place where the steppe, mountains and sea meet. The town is far from the main tourist routes. Nevertheless, the settlement has a developed resort infrastructure, and is suitable for those who wish to spend a vacation in seclusion, away from noisy crowded places of travelers.
There are several galleries and museums in the Old Crimea, including the house-museum of Konstantin Paustovsky, as well as the ethnographic museum of the Crimean Tatars.
Crimea nature
A detailed map of Crimea in Russian allows you to see that according to the type of landscapes the peninsula is divided into two zones: the first, steppe, occupies two-thirds of its territory, and the second, mountain- the remaining space.
The steppe stretches from the northern outskirts of the peninsula to its central part, smoothly turns into hills, and then is replaced by mountainous terrain. There are areas in the mountains that are not inhabited by humans.
The nature of the vegetation cover directly depends on the features of the relief. So, grass grows in the steppes, there are no forests. And vice versa: in mountainous areas, trees predominate, especially with a developed root system, which are firmly attached to the rocks. On the southern coast, relict vegetation is widespread.
Crimea climate and weather
The peninsula is located in three climatic macro-regions, and twenty micro-regions are also distinguished on its territory. Macroregions due to the relief. First macroregion – steppe- located in the northern and eastern part of the peninsula, second – foothill and mountain- in the center and closer to the south, and third – South coast- near the very edge of the Black Sea.
"Domestic" winds near the coast are rare, much more often they blow in the steppe. All over the peninsula, air flows from the east and northeast prevail, the only exception is Feodosia, which is open to the westerly winds.
As for precipitation, an insufficient level of moisture is observed in the steppe part of the region. Most of the precipitation on the peninsula falls on the northern spurs of the Crimean mountains - more than 1000 mm annually.
On March 11, 2014, the Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the Sevastopol City Council unilaterally adopted a declaration on the independence of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol. The declaration established that if at the upcoming referendum a decision is made to annex Crimea to the Russian Federation, Crimea will be declared a sovereign and independent republic and, in this status, will turn to Russia with a proposal to admit it to Russian Federation as a new subject.
At the all-Crimean referendum on the status of the republic, held on March 16, 2014, the overwhelming majority of those who voted cast their votes for the annexation of Crimea to Russia, as evidenced by the official results of the referendum. The next day, March 17, 2014, the Republic of Crimea was unilaterally proclaimed on the territory of Crimea, including Sevastopol, a city with a special status. The republic received the temporary status of a sovereign state and turned to Russia with a request to accept it into the Russian Federation.
On March 18, 2014, an interstate agreement was signed on the acceptance of the independent Republic of Crimea into Russia and the formation of two new subjects of the Federation - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol. The agreement provided for a transitional period until January 1, 2015, during which the issues of integration of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol into the economic, legal, financial and credit systems of the Russian Federation, into the system of state authorities of Russia, issues of military service and execution conscription in the territories of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.
On March 21, 2014, Russian President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin signed the federal constitutional law on the entry of the Republic of Crimea into the Russian Federation and the formation of new subjects of the federation. The day before signing, on March 20, the law was adopted by the State Duma and approved on March 21 by the Federation Council. Together with the law, Vladimir Putin approved the ratification of the Treaty on the admission of the Republic of Crimea to Russia. At the same time, the Crimean federal district, Oleg Evgenievich Belaventsev was appointed Plenipotentiary of the President of the Russian Federation in the Crimean Federal District.
According to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, dated April 2, 2014, the Republic of Crimea was included in the Southern Military District. On April 11, 2014, the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol are included in the list of subjects of the Russian Federation in the Constitution of Russia.
On the territory of the Republic of Crimea, after its entry into Russia, the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of the ARC on October 21, 1998 and entered into force on January 11, 1999, continued.
On April 11, 2014, an extraordinary meeting of the State Council of the Republic of Crimea was held, at which the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea was approved, consisting of 10 chapters and 95 articles, its main provisions are similar to the articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. According to the new Constitution, the Republic of Crimea is a legal, democratic state within the Russian Federation, an equal subject of the Russian Federation. The source of power in the republic is its people - part of the multinational people of Russia. In the Republic of Crimea, three state languages- Russian, Ukrainian, Crimean Tatar. The highest official is the head of the republic, elected for a term of 5 years by the deputies of the State Council of Crimea. On October 9, 2014, Sergei Aksyonov was unanimously elected the head of the Republic of Crimea by the State Council of Crimea.
Within the territory of Crimean peninsula... Satellite map of Crimea shows that the republic borders on the Kherson and Zaporozhye regions of Ukraine, Krasnodar Territory and is washed by the Azov and Black seas. The republic does not include Sevastopol. The area of the region is 26 081 sq. km.
The ARC is divided into 14 districts, 16 cities, 56 urban-type settlements and 950 villages. Largest cities Crimea - Simferopol ( administrative center), Kerch, Evpatoria, Yalta and Feodosia. The economy of the republic is based on industry, agriculture, viticulture and tourism. Many areas of Crimea are resort areas.
The symbol of the Republic of Crimea - "Swallow's Nest" in Yalta
The Republic of Crimea is in an ambiguous position. Most of the population of the republic is represented by Russians (58.5%). It is interesting that there is no state or national language in Crimea, since representatives of various nations live on the territory of the region.
Massandra Palace
Brief history of the Republic of Crimea
In 1921, the Crimean ASSR was formed. In 1941-44, the region underwent German occupation. In 1946, the Crimean region was created, which in 1954 became part of the Ukrainian SSR. In 1991, the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was restored, and in 1992 the Republic of Crimea was created. In 1994, it was transformed into the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.
Valley of ghosts in Dzhemerdzhi tract
Attractions of Crimea
On a detailed map of Crimea from a satellite, you can see the main resort towns regions such as Yalta, Alushta, Alupka, Evpatoria, Sudak, Koktebel and Feodosia. On the territory of the Republic of Crimea there are numerous natural attractions: the extinct volcano Kara-Dag, Cape Kapchik and Tsarsky beach in the village of Novy Svet, Cape Meganom, Zelenogorye (Arpat) area near Sudak, the valley of ghosts on Demerdzhi, the Grand Canyon of Crimea, Dzhur-Dzhur waterfall and Kazantip nature reserve.
Village New World in Crimea
In Crimea, it is worth visiting the famous "Swallow's Nest", Dulber Palace, Countess Panina's Palace in Yalta, Massandra Palace in Massandra, Gurzufsky Park in the village. Gurzuf, Vorontsov Palace in Alupka, cave city Chufut-Kale and Genoese fortress... It is also worth visiting the city of Bakhchisarai and Little Jerusalem in Evpatoria.
Most of the territory of the peninsula is the North Crimean Plain. On the Kerch Peninsula - in the easternmost part of Crimea - there are hilly plains with a slightly O the greatest height above sea level. South part the peninsula bordering the Black Sea is the so-called Mountain Crimea.
The Crimean ridge is part of the Alpine fold. High mountain ranges here are interspersed with longitudinal plains, in which are located the main tourist cities on the map of Crimea with regions - Yalta, Sudak, Koktebel, Gurzuf and others.
How to get to the Crimea peninsula
On satellite map Crimea, you can see that the peninsula has a developed system of transport - air, rail, road, sea.
The only civilian airport is located in the capital of the republic - the city of Simferopol. It serves about five million passengers annually.
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia in 2014 rail link with the peninsula, going through the territory of Ukraine, was discontinued. Construction of a bridge across Kerch Strait, which will connect Crimea with the mainland by rail and road.
In the meantime, important transport artery there remains a ferry crossing through this strait. It serves almost as many passengers annually as the airport.
An extensive network of highways passes through the territory of the peninsula, which connect the main tourist centers- Kerch, Simferopol, Sevastopol, Bakhchisarai, beach towns on the coast.
In addition, the longest trolleybus line in the world is located in Crimea, connecting Simferopol with the resorts South Shore... The length of this line is almost 100 kilometers.
Crimea on the map of Russia with cities and towns
The Crimean Peninsula occupies an outstanding place on the map of Russia. The resorts of the South Coast and other tourist areas of the peninsula are visited by millions of tourists every year.
The first place in popularity among the Crimean resort cities is rightfully occupied by Yalta, which is called "Russian Nice". The second is the hero city of Sevastopol. Feodosia closes the top three - resort east coast... The top five also includes Alushta and Evpatoria.
