This is a special city: no other European capital can boast of such a historical and cultural heritage. It is rightfully called the cradle of democracy and Western civilization. The life of Athens still revolves around the witness of its birth and prosperity - the Acropolis, one of the seven hills that surround the city, which towers above it like a stone ship, on the deck of which is the ancient Parthenon.
Video: Athens
Basic moments
Athens has been the capital of modern Greece since the 1830s, the time when an independent state was proclaimed. Since then, the city has experienced an unprecedented rise. In 1923, the number of residents here doubled in almost one day as a result of population exchange with Turkey.
Due to the rapid post-war economic growth and the real boom that followed Greece's accession to the European Union in 1981, the suburbs took over the entire historical part of the city. Athens has become an octopus city, with an estimated population of about 4 million, 750,000 of whom live within the city's official borders.
The dynamic new city has undergone a major transformation with the 2004 Olympic Games. Years of grandiose work have modernized and beautified the city. Earned new airport, new metro lines were launched, museums were renovated.
Of course pollution problems environment and overpopulation remains, and rarely does anyone fall in love with Athens at first sight ... But one cannot but succumb to the charm generated by contrasts of this amazing mixture of antique holy city and capitals of the XXI century. Athens owes its uniqueness to the numerous neighborhoods that have an inimitable character: traditional Plaka, industrial Gazi, Monastraki experiencing a new dawn with its flea markets, trading Psiri entering the markets, working Omonia, business Syntagma, bourgeois Kolonaki ... not to mention Piraeus, which is, in fact, an independent city.
Athens landmarks
It is the small plateau on which the Acropolis is located (4 ha) towering 100 m above the Attica plain and a modern city, Athens owes its fate. The city was born here, grew up, met its historical glory. No matter how damaged and incomplete the Acropolis is, it still holds itself quite confidently and fully retains the status of one of the greatest wonders of the world, once assigned to it by UNESCO. Its name means "high city", from the Greek asgo ("High", "sublime") and polis ("town")... It also means "citadel", which, in fact, was the Acropolis in the Bronze Age and later, in the Mycenaean era.
In 2000, the main buildings of the Acropolis were dismantled for reconstruction in accordance with new archaeological knowledge and modern restoration techniques. However, do not be surprised if the reconstruction of some buildings, for example the Parthenon or the temple of Niki Apteros, is not yet completed, this work takes a lot of time and effort.
Areopagus and Bele Gate
The entrance to the Acropolis is on the west side, at the gate of Bele, a 3rd century Roman structure named after the French archaeologist who discovered it in 1852. From the entrance, steps carved in stone lead to the Areopagus, a stone hill on which judges gathered in ancient times.
The huge staircase that ended the Panathenaeus road (dromos), led to this monumental entrance to the Acropolis, marked by six Doric columns. More complex than the Parthenon, which they had to complete, the Propylaea ("in front of entrance") were conceived by Pericles and his architect Mnesicles as the grandest secular building ever built in Greece. Work that began in 437 BC and interrupted in 431 by the Peloponnesian War, they were never renewed. The central aisle, the widest, once crowned with a railing, was intended for chariots, and steps led to four other entrances intended for mere mortals. The north wing is decorated with images of great artists of the past dedicated to Athena.
This small temple (421 BC), designed by the architect Kallikrates, built on an earthen embankment to the southwest (on right) from Propyl. It was in this place, according to the legend, that Aegeus was waiting for his son Theseus, who left to fight the Minotaur. Not seeing on the horizon a white sail - a sign of victory - he threw himself into the abyss, finding Theseus dead. This place offers a magnificent view of Athens and the sea. This building, seemingly tiny in comparison with the Parthenon, was destroyed in 1687 by the Turks, who used its stones to strengthen their own defenses. It was first restored shortly after the country's independence, but recently dismantled again to be rebuilt in compliance with all the subtleties of classical art.
After passing the Propylaea, you will find yourself on the esplanade in front of the Acropolis, crowned by the Parthenon itself. It was Pericles who commissioned Phidias, a brilliant sculptor and builder, and his assistants, the architects Iktin and Callicrates, to build this temple on the site of the former sanctuaries destroyed by the Persian conquerors. The work, begun in 447 BC, lasted fifteen years. Using Pentelian marble as a material, the builders managed to create a building with ideal proportions, 69 meters long and 31 meters wide. It is decorated with 46 fluted columns, ten meters high, made up of a dozen drums. For the first time in history, each of the building's four facades was decorated with pediments with painted friezes and sculptures.
In the foreground was a bronze statue of Athena Promachos. ("The one that protects") nine meters high, with a spear and a shield - only a few fragments of the curbstone remain of this composition. They say that the sailors could see the crest of her helmet and the gilded tip of the spear, sparkling in the sun, barely entering the Saronic Gulf ...
Another huge statue of Athena Parthenos, in robes of pure gold, with a face, arms and legs made of ivory and with the head of Medusa on his chest, was in the sanctuary. This brainchild of Phidias remained in its place for over a thousand years, but was subsequently taken to Constantinople, where it was later lost.
After becoming a cathedral of Athens in the Byzantine era, then a mosque under Turkish rule, the Parthenon passed through the centuries without much loss until that fateful day in 1687, when the Venetians bombed the Acropolis. The Turks set up an ammunition depot in the building, and when it was hit by a cannonball, the wooden roof was destroyed and part of the walls and sculptural decorations collapsed. An even more cruel blow to the pride of the Greeks dealt in the very early XIX century British ambassador Lord Elgin, having received permission from the Turks to excavate in the ancient city and take out a huge number of the finest statues and bas-reliefs of the Parthenon pediment. Now they are in the British Museum, but the Greek government does not lose hope that someday they will return to their homeland.
The last of the sanctuaries erected by the ancient Greeks on the Acropolis is located on the other side of the plateau, near the northern wall, at the site of the mythical dispute between Poseidon and Athena over power over the city. The construction lasted fifteen years. The consecration of the Erechtheion took place in 406 BC. An unknown architect was supposed to combine three sanctuaries under one roof (in honor of Athena, Poseidon and Erechtheus), having built a temple on a site with significant differences in ground height.
This temple, although smaller in size than the Parthenon, was supposed to be equal to it in splendor. The north portico is undoubtedly a work of genius for the architects, as evidenced by its deep blue marble frieze, coffered ceiling and elegant Ionic columns.
Don't miss the Caryatids, six taller than human statues of young girls that support the roof of the south portico. Currently, these are only copies. One of the original statues was taken away by the same Lord El Jin, five others, for a long time exhibited in the Small Museum of the Acropolis (now closed) were transported to the New Acropolis Museum, which opened in June 2009.
Here, do not forget to enjoy the beautiful view of the Salamis Bay, located on the western side.
Located in the western part of the Acropolis (161-174), the Roman odeon, famous for its acoustics, is only open to the public during the festivities organized as part of the festival in honor of Athena (performances are held almost every day from late May to mid-October)... The marble steps of the ancient theater can hold up to 5,000 spectators!
The theater located not far from the Odeon, although very ancient, is closely connected with the main episodes of the life of the Greek city. it giant structure for 17,000 seats, built in the V-IV centuries BC, saw the tragedies of Sophocles, Aeschylus and Euripides and the comedy of Aristophanes. In fact, it is the cradle of Western theatrical art. Since the 4th century, the city assembly has gathered here.
New Acropolis Museum
At the foot of the hill (South side) houses the New Acropolis Museum, the brainchild of the Swiss architect Bernard Chumi and his Greek colleague Michalis Fotiadis. A new museum to replace the old Acropolis Museum (near the Parthenon) which has grown too cramped opened its doors in June 2009. This ultra-modern building of marble, glass and concrete was built on stilts as valuable archaeological finds were unearthed at the site when construction began. 4000 artifacts are on display on 14,000 sq. m is ten times the area of the old museum.
The first floor, already open to the public, houses temporary exhibitions, and its glass floor allows one to observe the ongoing excavations. The second floor houses the permanent collections that include artifacts found in the Acropolis from the Archaic period Ancient Greece to the Roman period. But the highlight of the exhibition is the third floor, whose glass windows give visitors a wonderful view of the Parthenon.
Metro station "Acropolis"Metro station "Acropolis"
In the 1990s, during the construction of the second metro line, important excavations were discovered. Some of them were exhibited right at the station (amphorae, pots)... Here you can also see a fake frieze of the Parthenon, representing Helios as he emerges from the sea, surrounded by Dionysus, Demeter, Cora and an unknown headless character.
Old lower town
On both sides of the Acropolis stretches the ancient lower city: Greek in the north, around the market square and ancient area Kerameikos, Roman to the east on the approach to Olympus (to the temple of Zeus) and Hadrian's Arch. Recently, all the sights can be viewed on foot, passing through the maze of streets of Plaka or bypassing the Acropolis along the large street named after. Dionysius the Areopagite.
Agora
Initially, this term meant "meeting", then they began to call the place where people did business. Heart of the old city filled with workshops and stalls, agora (market Square) was surrounded by many tall buildings: mint, library, deliberative chamber, court, archives, not to mention countless altars, small temples and monuments.
The first public buildings on this site began to appear in the 4th century BC, during the reign of the tyrant Pisistratus. Some of them have been restored, and many were built after the sack of the city by the Persians in 480 BC. The Panathenaeus Route, the main artery of the ancient city, crossed the esplanade diagonally, linking the city's main gate, Dipylon, with the Acropolis. Horse carriage races took place here, in which, presumably, even recruits of the cavalry took part.
Today, the agora has hardly survived, with the exception of Theseon. (temple of Hephaestus)... This Doric temple in the west of the Acropolis is the best preserved in Greece. He is the owner wonderful ensemble columns of Pentelian marble and friezes of Parian marble. On each of its sides there is an image of Hercules in the east, Theseus in the north and south, scenes of battles (with magnificent centaurs) in the east and west. Dedicated simultaneously to Hephaestus, patron saint of metallurgists, and Athena Organa (To the worker), protector of potters and artisans, it dates from the second half of the 5th century BC. Probably, this temple owes its preservation to its transformation into a church. In the 19th century, it even became a Protestant temple, where the remains of English volunteers and other European philhellene rested. (greco-filov) who died during the War of Independence.
Below, in the center of the agora, near the entrance to the Odeon of Agrippa, you will see three monumental statues of newts. In the most elevated part of the area, in the direction of the Acropolis, there is a restored small church of the Holy Apostles (about 1000 BC) in the Byzantine style. The remains of 17th century frescoes and a marble iconostasis have been preserved inside.
The portico of Attala, on the east side of the market square, is 120 meters long and 20 meters wide, was renovated in the 1950s and is now the Museum of the Agora. Several striking artifacts can be seen here. For example, a huge Spartan bronze shield (425 BC) and, directly opposite, a piece of clerotherium, a stone with a hundred slits, intended for a random selection by a jury. Among the coins on display is a silver tetradrachm depicting an owl, which served as the model for the Greek euro.
Roman agora
In the second half of the 1st century BC. the Romans moved the agora about a hundred meters to the east to create their own central market. After the invasion of the barbarians in 267, the administrative center of the city took refuge behind the new walls of the declining Athens. Here you can still see, as in the nearby streets, many important buildings.
Built in the 11th century BC. The Doric gate of Athena Archegetis is located near the western entrance to the Roman Agora. During the reign of Hadrian, a copy of the decree regarding the taxation of the sale and purchase of olive oil was placed here for public inspection ... On the other side of the square, on the embankment, rises the octagonal Tower of the Winds (Aerids) made of white Pentelian marble. It was built in the 1st century BC. Macedonian astronomer Andronicus and served at the same time as a weather vane, compass and clepsydra (water clock)... Each side is decorated with a frieze depicting one of the eight winds, under which you can see the hands of the ancient sundial. On the north side there is a small inoperative Fethiye mosque (Conqueror), one of the last witnesses of the seizure of the market square by religious buildings in the Middle Ages, and then under Turkish rule.
Two blocks from the Roman agora, near Monastiraki Square, you will find the ruins of Hadrian's Library. Erected during the reign of the builder emperor in the same year as Olympieon (132 BC), this huge public building with a courtyard surrounded by hundreds of columns was once one of the most luxurious in Athens.
The Keramikos quarter, located on the northwestern border of the Greek city, owes its name to the potters who made the famous Attic vases with red figures on a black background. There was also the largest cemetery of that time, which operated until the 6th century and is partially preserved. The most ancient tombs date back to the Mycenaean era, but the most beautiful ones, decorated with steles and tombstones, belonged to wealthy Athenians and heroes of wars during tyranny. They are located in the west of the cemetery, in a corner planted with cypresses and olive trees. This kind of vanity was banned after the establishment of democracy.
The museum displays the most beautiful specimens: sphinxes, kuros, lions, bulls ... Some of them were used in 478 BC. for the hasty erection of new defensive fortifications against the Spartans!
To the west of the agora and the Acropolis rises the Pnyx hill, the meeting place of the assembly of the inhabitants of Athens (ecclesia)... The meetings took place ten times a year from the 6th to the end of the 4th century BC. Famous orators, such as Pericles, Themistocles, Demosthenes, delivered speeches here before their compatriots. Later, the assembly moved to a larger square in front of the Dionysus Theater. From the top of this hill, the view of the forested Acropolis is amazing.
Hill of the Muses
The most beautiful panorama of the Acropolis and the Parthenon still opens precisely from this wooded hill in the south-west of the old center - the mythological bastion of the Athenians in the fight against the Amazons. At the top there is a perfectly preserved tombstone of Philopappos (or Philoppapou) 12 meters high. It dates from the 2nd century and depicts this "benefactor of Athens" on a cart.
To mark the border between the old Greek city and its own Athens, the Roman emperor Hadrian ordered the erection of a gate facing Olympus. On one side was written "Athens, the ancient city of Theseus", and on the other - "City of Hadrian, not Theseus." Apart from this, both facades are absolutely identical; striving for unity, they combine the Roman tradition at the bottom and the Greek form of propylae at the top. The monument, 18 meters high, was erected thanks to the gifts of the inhabitants of Athens.
The temple of Olympian Zeus, the supreme deity, was the largest in ancient Greece - erected, as legend says, on the site of the ancient sanctuary of Deucalion, the mythical forefather of the Greek people, who thus thanked Zeus for saving him from the flood. The tyrant Pisistratus is believed to have begun construction of this gigantic building in 515 BC. in order to keep people busy and prevent a riot. But this time the Greeks overestimated their capabilities: the temple was completed only in the Roman era, in 132 BC. Emperor Hadrian, who got all the glory. The dimensions of the temple were impressive: the length was 110 meters, the width was 44 meters. Of the 104 Corinthian columns 17 meters high and 2 meters in diameter, only fifteen survived, the sixteenth, knocked down by a storm, still lies on the ground. The rest were used for other buildings. They were arranged in double rows of 20 along the length of the building and in triple rows of 8 on the sides. The sanctuary contains a giant statue of Zeus made of gold and ivory and a statue of Emperor Hadrian - they were equally revered in the Roman era.
Nestled in an amphitheater with marble steps near Mount Ardettos, 500 meters east of Olympieon, this stadium was rebuilt for the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 to replace and replace the ancient one erected by Lycurgus in 330 BC. In the 2nd century, Hadrian introduced the arena games, bringing in thousands of predators for the bestiaries. It was here that the 2004 Olympic Games marathon finished.
It is the oldest and most interesting residential area in the city. The labyrinth of its streets and stairs, dating back at least three millennia, extends to the northeastern slope of the Acropolis. It is mostly pedestrian. The upper part of the quarter is created for long walks and admiring the beautiful houses of the 19th century, the walls and courtyards of which are densely covered with burgenville and geraniums. Plaka is dotted with ancient ruins, Byzantine churches, and at the same time there are many boutiques, restaurants, museums, bars, small nightclubs ... It can be either quiet or very lively, it all depends on the place and time.
Churches
Although the towers of the Metropolis, the Cathedral of Plaka (XIX century), settled in the northern part of the quarter, will inevitably attract the eyes, lower your eyes to its base and admire the delightful Little Metropolis. This small 12th century Byzantine church dedicated to Saint Eleutrios and Our Lady of Gorgoepikos ("Soon to the helper"!) was built from antique materials. Outside, its walls are decorated with magnificent geometric bas-reliefs. All the priests of Greece gather on a nearby street, Agios Philotheis, to shop in specialized stores. On the Plaka hill is the charming little Byzantine church of Agios Ioannis Theologos (XI century) also worthy of your attention.
This museum in the eastern part of Plaka has an interesting collection of folk art exhibits. After examining the embroideries on the first floor and the fun carnival costumes on the mezzanine, in the Theophilos Hall on the second floor you will find wall paintings, a tribute to this self-taught artist who decorated the houses and shops of his native land. Honoring tradition, he wore fustanella all his life (traditional men's skirt) and died in poverty and oblivion. Only after his death did he receive recognition. On the third floor, decorations, ornament and weapons are exhibited; on the fourth - folk costumes of various provinces of the country.
Neoclassical on the outside, ultra-modern on the inside, this contemporary art museum is one of a kind in Greece. It alternates between a permanent collection, the main theme of which is ordinary people, and temporary exhibitions. Visitors are given the opportunity to look at the great events of the 20th century through the eyes of Greek artists.
In 335 BC, after the victory of his troupe in a theatrical competition, in order to immortalize this event, the philanthropist Lysicrates ordered to erect this monument in the form of a rotunda. The Athenians nicknamed him "the lantern of Diogenes." Initially, there was a bronze prize received from the city authorities inside. In the 17th century
Anafiotika
In the highest part of Plaka, on the slopes of the Acropolis, the inhabitants of the Kikpad island of Anafi recreated their world in miniature. Anafiotika is a block in a block, a real peaceful haven, where there is no car access. It consists of several dozen whitewashed houses buried in flowers, with many narrow alleys and secluded passages. Pergolas made of grape vines, curly rose hips, flower pots - life here turns to be a pleasant side to you. Anafiotika can be reached from Stratonos Street.
This museum is located in the westernmost part of Plaka, between the Acropolis and the Roman agora, in a beautiful neoclassical building and contains a very quirky and varied collection (which, however, are united by belonging to Hellenism) transferred to the state by the spouses of Kanellopoulos. The main exhibits include Cycladic figurines and gold antique jewelry.
Museum of Folk Musical Instruments
Located on Via Diogenes, in the western part of Plaka, opposite the entrance to the Roman Agora, this museum invites you to familiarize yourself with musical instruments and traditional Greek melodies. You will learn how bouzouki, lutes, tambouras, guides and other rare samples sound. Concerts are organized in the garden during the summer.
Syntagma Square
To the northeast, Plaka is bordered by the huge Syntagma Square, the heart of the business world, an area that was built according to plans drawn up the day after independence. The green esplanade is surrounded by chic cafes and modern buildings that house the offices of banks, airlines and international companies.
Here is the hotel "Great Britain", the pearl of Athens of the XIX century, the most beautiful palace in the city. On the eastern slope is the Buli Palace, now the Parliament. In 1834 it served as the residence of King Otto I and Queen Amalia.
Subway
Thanks to the construction of the metro (1992-1994) under the esplanade began the largest excavation ever carried out in Athens. Archaeologists have discovered an aqueduct of the Pisistratus era, a very important road, bronze foundry workshops of the 5th century BC. (the period when this place was outside the city walls), cemeteries of the end of the classical era - the beginning of the Roman era, the baths and the second aqueduct, also Roman, as well as early Christian ossuaries and part of the Byzantine city. Various archaeological layers have been preserved inside the station in the form of a transverse cup.
Parliament (Buli Palace)
The name of Syntagma Square brings to mind the Greek Constitution of 1844, proclaimed from the balcony of this neoclassical palace, since 1935 - the seat of parliament.
In front of the building there is a monument to the Unknown Soldier, who is guarding the Evzones (infantrymen)... They wear traditional Greek costumes: fustanella with 400 folds representing the years under the Turkish yoke, woolen knee-highs and red shoes with pompoms.
The changing of the guard takes place every hour from Monday to Saturday, and once, at 10.30 am, on Sunday. The entire garrison gathers in the square for this beautiful ceremony.
National garden
Once a palace park, the National Garden is now a quiet oasis with exotic plants and mosaic pools in the heart of the city. There you can see ancient ruins nestled among shady alleys, a small botanical museum housed in a pavilion, a zoo and a pleasant cafe with a large covered gazebo.
To the south is the Zappeyon, a neoclassical building built in the 1880s in the shape of a rotunda. In 1896, during the first modern Olympic Games, the headquarters of the Olympic Committee was located there. Zappeyon later became the Exhibition Center.
To the east of the garden, on Herodes Atticus Street, in the middle of the park, is the Presidential Palace, a beautiful Baroque building guarded by two Evzones.
Northern quarters and museums
Justifying its name, Gazi quarter in the north-west of the city, predominantly industrial, does not make a very pleasant impression at first. The former gas plant that gave the quarter its name is now a huge cultural center .
A little to the east stretches the very lively Psiri quarter, where wholesalers and blacksmiths have settled - and, for some time now, a growing number of bars, nightlife and trendy restaurants. Its small streets lead to the markets and Omonia Square, the heart of the people of Athens. From here you can walk to Syntagma Square along two large streets in neoclassical surroundings - Stadiou and Panepistimiou.
Surroundings of Monastiraki
Directly north of the Roman agora is Monastiraki Square, which is crowded at any time of the day. The dome and portico of the Tsizdaraki Mosque rises above it. (1795), which now houses the Plaka branch of the Museum of Folk Art.
The nearby pedestrian streets are invaded by souvenir, antiques, and junk shops who gather every Sunday in Piazza Abyssinia to set up a giant flea market.
Markets
The grand boulevard Afinas, which links Monastiraki to Omonia Square in the north, passes by the market pavilions. The belly of Athens, which is in constant activity from dawn to midday, is divided into two parts: the fishmongers in the center and the meat vendors around.
In front of the building there are sellers of dried fruits, and in the nearby streets - sellers of hardware, carpets, and poultry.
Archaeological Museum
A few blocks north of Omonia Square, on a huge esplanade lined with cars, is the National Archaeological Museum, which has a fabulous collection of art from the great civilizations of ancient Greece. Spend half a day here without hesitation contemplating statues, frescoes, vases, cameos, jewelry, coins and other treasures.
The most valuable exhibit of the museum is perhaps the death golden mask of Agamemnon, found in 1876 in Mycenae by amateur archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann (hall 4, in the center of the courtyard)... In the same room, you will see another important Mycenaean object, the Warrior's vase, as well as funerary steles, weapons, rhytons, jewelry and thousands of luxurious items of amber, gold, and even an ostrich egg shell! Cycladic collection (hall 6) also required to view.
Looking around the first floor and moving clockwise, you will pass chronologically from the Archaic period, represented by magnificent kuros and kora, to the Roman period. Along the way, you will see the great masterpieces of art of the classical era, including the bronze statue of Poseidon caught in the sea near the island of Euboea (hall 15), as well as a statue of the rider Artemision on a war horse (hall 21)... There are many gravestones, some of which are quite impressive. For example, huge lekiths - vases two meters high. It is also worth mentioning the friezes that adorned the Temple of Afeia on Aegina, the friezes of the Temple of Asclepius (Aesculapius) at Epidaurus and the magnificent marble group of Aphrodite, Pan and Eros in room 30.
The second floor displays a collection of ceramics, from geometrical items to delightful Attic vases. Greek Pompeii - the city of Akrotiri on the island of Santorini, buried in 1450 BC - is devoted to a separate section (hall 48).
Panepistimiou
The quarter, located between Omonia and Syntagma squares, gives a clear indication of the immense ambitions of the post-independence period. Definitely neoclassical, the trio of the University, the Academy and the National Library stretches along Panepistimiou Street (or Eleftherios Venizelu) and clearly deserves the attention of city guests.
National History Museum
The museum is located in the building of the former parliament, at 13 Stadiou Street, near Syntagma Square, and is dedicated to the history of the country since the capture of Constantinople by the Ottomans (1453)... The period of the War of Independence is presented in great detail. You can even see the helmet and sword of Lord Byron, the most famous of the Philhellene!
Founded in 1930 by Antonis Benakis, a member of a prominent Greek family, the museum is housed in his former Athenian residence. The exposition consists of collections collected throughout his life. The museum continues to grow, and now it offers visitors a complete panorama of Greek art, from prehistoric times to the 20th century.
The ground floor houses exhibits from the Neolithic to the Byzantine era, as well as a fine collection of jewelry and antique crowns of gold leaves. A large section is devoted to icons. Second floor (XVI-XIX centuries) covers the period of the Turkish occupation, mainly examples of church and secular folk art are exhibited here. Two magnificent reception rooms from the 1750s have been restored, complete with ceilings and carved wood panels.
Less interesting sections devoted to the period of the awakening of national identity and the struggle for independence occupy the two upper floors.
Museum of Cycladic Art
It presents mainly the collections of Nicholas Goulandris dedicated to ancient art. The most prominent of these is undoubtedly on the ground floor. Here you can see the legendary Cycladic art; figurines, marble household items and objects of religious worship. Do not miss the platter with doves carved from a single piece, the extraordinary figurines of the flutist and bread peddler, and the 1.40 meter high statue, one of two that depicted the great patron goddess.
The third floor is dedicated to Greek art from the Bronze Period to the II century BC, the fourth exhibits a collection of Cypriot artifacts, and the fifth exhibits the finest ceramics and "Corinthian" bronze shields.
The museum later moved to a magnificent neoclassical villa built in 1895 by the Bavarian architect Ernst Ziller (Stafatos palace).
The exhibitions housed in the museum cover the period since the fall of the Roman Empire (V century) before the fall of Constantinople (1453) and successfully illuminate the history of Byzantine culture through an excellent selection of exhibits and reconstructions. The exhibition also highlights the special role of Athens as a center of pagan thought for at least two centuries before Christianity took over.
The section on Coptic art is worth seeing (especially the boots of the 5th-8th centuries!), the Mytilene treasure, found in 1951, delightful crossbars and bas-reliefs, collections of icons and frescoes exhibited in the Church of Episcopia of Evritana, and magnificent manuscripts.
National Pinakothek
Significantly modernized in last years The Pinakothek is dedicated to Greek art of the last four centuries. It chronologically represents various movements, from early post-Byzantine painting to works by contemporary artists. In particular, you will see three mystical paintings by El Greco, a native of Crete who, along with Velazquez and Goya, was the most famous painter of Spain in the 16th century.
At the northern end of Vasilissis Sofias Boulevard, the sloping streets of the Kolonaki quarter form a chic enclave famous for its fashion boutiques and art galleries. All morning, and especially after lunch, there is nowhere for an apple to fall on the terraces of the Filikis Eterias square cafe.
Mount Lycabettus (Lycabettus)
At the end of Rue Plutarch there is a long line of markets leading to an underground cable car tunnel with a funicular, which takes you to the top of Lycabettus, famous for its beautiful panorama, in a few minutes. Sports fans will prefer the stairs starting at the end of Via Lucianu, a hundred meters to the west (15 minutes rise)... The path curving through cypresses and agaves. Upstairs, from the porch of the chapel of St.George, in good weather you can see the islands of the Saronic Gulf and, of course, the Acropolis.
In the vicinity of Athens
Located between the sea and the hills, Athens is the ideal starting point for conquering the most famous places Attica, a peninsula that separates the Aegean Sea and the Saronic Gulf.
On the weekend, everyone goes to the beach. Located just outside the city walls, Glyfada put everyone in the belt during the 2004 Olympic Games: this is where most of the nautical competitions took place. A chic suburb with numerous boutiques and a seaside resort famous for its marinas and golf courses, Glyfada comes alive in the summer when discos and clubs open on Possidonos Avenue. The beaches here and in the direction of Voula are predominantly private, dotted with umbrellas and jam-packed at weekends. If you are looking for a quieter place, head south to Vouliagmeni, a luxurious and expensive port surrounded by greenery. The coast becomes more democratic only after Varkiza, near Cape Sounion.
Sentinel of Athens, guarding at the top of the rock "Cape Columns" at the extreme point of Mediterranean Attica, the Temple of Poseidon is one of the peaks of the "sacred triangle", a perfect isosceles triangle, the other points of which are the Acropolis and the Temple of Aphaia on Aegina. It was said that once, entering the bay on the way to Piraeus, sailors could see all three buildings at the same time - a pleasure now inaccessible due to the frequent smog that descended over these places. Sanctuary rebuilt in the era of Pericles (444 BC), has preserved 16 of the 34 Doric columns. Once upon a time, a trire race was held here, organized by the Athenians in honor of the goddess Athena, to whom the second temple, erected on a nearby hill, is dedicated. Place acquires strategic importance: his fortress, now extinct, made it possible to simultaneously control the silver mines of Lorion and the movement of ships to Athens.
Built on the pine-covered slopes of Mount Hymetos, a few kilometers east of Athens, the 11th-century monastery ceases to be quiet at weekends when picnic troops land nearby. In the central courtyard, you will find a church whose walls are covered with frescoes (XVII-XVIII centuries), the dome rests on four antique columns, and at the other end of the monastery there is an amazing fountain with a ram's head, from where water flows, which is said to have miraculous properties.
Marathon
This place, one of the most famous, in 490 BC witnessed the victory of the Athenian army of 10,000 over three times the Persian forces. To bring the good news, legend has it, the Marathon runner ran the 40 km separating it from Athens - so fast that he died of exhaustion upon arrival. The 192 Greek heroes who died in this battle were buried on the mound, the only credible evidence of this famous event.
Daphni monastery
Located 10 km west of Athens, on the edge of a major road, the Byzantine monastery of Daphni is famous for its 11th century mosaics depicting the apostles and watching them from the central dome of the mighty Christos Pantokrator. Having suffered significant damage from the earthquake in 1999, the building is now closed for restoration.
Compressed on one side by Attica and on the other by the Peloponnese, the Saronic Gulf - the gateway of the Corinth Canal - opens the doors to Athens. Among the many islands, Aegina is the most interesting and the easiest to get to. (1 h 15 min by ferry or 35 min by speedboat).
Most of the ships are docked at west bank, in the most beautiful port of Aegina. Few people know that it was the first capital of liberated Greece. Fishermen repair their tackle here in front of tourists relaxing on the terraces of cafes and riding in gig cars. The narrow pedestrian street leading from the embankment seems to be created for walking and shopping. At the northern exit, in Colon, at the site of archaeological excavations, there are a few ruins of the temple of Apollo (V century BC)... The archaeological museum displays artifacts found nearby: donations, pottery, sculptures and steles.
The rest of the island is divided among themselves by pistachio plantations, which are the pride of Aegina, several groves with olive trees and beautiful pine forests stretching in the east to the seaside resort of Agia Marina, in whose beautiful beaches in the summer, life is in full swing.
From there, you can easily reach the Temple of Aphaia, built on a promontory visible from both banks. The splendor of this well-preserved Doric monument allows one to guess about the former power of the island, which was once a rival of Athens. Erected in 500 BC, it was dedicated to the local goddess Afaya, daughter of Zeus, who took refuge in these places, fleeing the persecution of King Minos.
If you have a little time, visit the ruins of Paliohora, the former capital Aegina, built on a hill in the interior of the island. Founded in the era of Antiquity, the town grew during the high Middle Ages, an era when residents, fleeing pirate raids, took refuge on the tops of the mountains. Until the 19th century, when the inhabitants left it, Paliohora had 365 churches and chapels, of which 28 survived, and in them you can still see the remains of beautiful frescoes. Below is the monastery of Agios Nektarios, the largest on the island.
Special offers for hotels
When is the best time to go to Athens
Spring and late autumn are the best times to visit Athens. Summers can be very hot and dry. Winter is sometimes rainy, with few snowy days. But at the same time, winter can be the perfect time to visit the city, when it may be fresh, but not crowded.
Very often there is smog over the city, the reason for which is in the geography of the city - due to the fact that Athens is surrounded by mountains, exhaust and pollution from cars very often linger over the city.
How to get there
What are the ways to get to Athens from the airport? First of all, there is a direct metro line (blue) from the airport to the city. The final station in the city center is the Monastiraki metro. You can get to the train station in Athens by commuter train... A convenient and comfortable way is to call a taxi. A more economical ground transport is a bus, from the airport buses follow four routes.
Low Price Calendar
in contact with facebook twitter
This truly legendary Greek city is famous all over the world. The capital of ancient and modern Greece has experienced its greatest ups and downs in its history. Like a Phoenix bird, Athens was reborn after destructive wars, seizures and natural disasters. At the same time, the Greeks managed to preserve part of the historical heritage of the city: today the ruins of the Acropolis and the remains of ancient sculptures coexist with fashionable hotels and modern shopping centers... The features of the most important Greek polis will be discussed in today's material.
The history of these glorious places goes back almost ten millennia. The exact date of the founding of the city of Athens is unknown, but according to the widespread version, settlements appeared here in 7 thousand BC. They were located in the southern part of Attica, where there are low mountains that cover a valley with settlements on three sides.
The founder of Athens is considered the first ruler in the Athenian kingdom - King Cecrop, who was half man, half serpent. According to legend, choosing the patron saint of the city, he asked the gods a simple task: to make a useful gift. Poseidon donated a fountain, but the water in it turned out to be salty and undrinkable. And the goddess Athena presented the new policy with a tree with unusual fruits - olives. Cecrop chose a gift from the goddess, after whom the city of Athens was named.
Athens reached its climax of glory in the 5th century BC. Actually from 500 to 300 BC. the whole of Ancient Greece reached the golden age of development, and its capital became the cradle of culture, economics and politics. However, the political system of the Greek country was such that Athens was not so much the capital of Greece as it played the role of independent state... Polis remained the most important center of ancient times until the heyday of the Roman Empire.
In the third century AD, Athens loses its former grandeur and becomes a provincial town. Then there are long centuries of constant wars and conquests by foreign troops, leading to plundering, destruction and even burning of Athens. A new round in the history of the city begins only in the 19th century, when the Greeks managed to free themselves from the dictatorship of the Ottoman Empire.
Since 1833, Athens has been the official capital of Greece. Having achieved independence, the Greek kingdom begins to develop rapidly. King Otto of Bavaria intended to return the country to its former greatness and restore the prestige of the capital. For this, architects were summoned to Athens, who designed several city streets and public buildings in the neoclassical style (including the University of Athens, National Park, Syntagma Square, etc.). Gradually, the city took on its former appearance and in 1896 the first modern Olympic Games were held here at the new stadium.
The 20th century marks the beginning of archaeological excavations that help restore the heritage of ancient Greece. In the 1920s, the Greeks signed an agreement with the Turks on the exchange of population, as a result of which a wave of immigrants swept over Athens. To this are added the treaties successful for the Greeks on the Balkan Wars, after the conclusion of which the territory and population of the country, incl. Athens, doubled.
During the Second World War, the city falls under German occupation, but after the war it continues to develop rapidly again. The construction and industrial boom of the middle of the 20th century, at the beginning of the 21st century, leads to transport and environmental problems. To date, some of them have been successfully resolved, which was largely facilitated by the Athenian Olympics in 2004.
Modern Athens is a vibrant city that combines ancient heritage with vibrant and tumultuous European life in the 21st century. There are many nightclubs, brand shops, entertainment centers and tourist hotels. But they still rise above it all ancient acropolis, Temple of Olympian Zeus, Parthenon and remains of ancient theaters.
Geographic location
Athens is located in mainland Greece, in the south of the Balkan Peninsula. Polis is located on the central plain of Attica, surrounded by mountains and the Saronic Gulf. Over the years of active development and settlement, the city has come close to these natural boundaries. So further expansion of the urban area is almost impossible.
Greece is southeastern Europe and Athens is one of the southernmost European cities. But you will hardly need a map of European countries, but the plan of the city of Athens will be useful to any traveler. The city is very large, so it is rather difficult to move around without a street map.
Population
Everyone knows what a glorious capital Greece has and what the main attractions of Athens are called. But, few people know that the population of the city of Athens is 1/3 of the total population of the country! Just think, a third of the population of the state lives in one city.
The resident population in Athens for 2017 is more than 3.5 million people, while the total number of inhabitants of Greece for the same year is 10.9 million people. At the same time, migrants and part of the local population registered in other regions also live in the capital city. Approximately their number can be estimated at another 500 thousand people. This is what a capacious capital the Greeks have.
Climate
Like the rest of the country, Athens is influenced by the Mediterranean climate. It provides consistently sunny hot summers and long autumn, in fact, smoothly turning into spring. Winter frosts are rare in the region.
The area where Athens is located is characterized by low humidity, so the summer heat is tolerated comfortably. Summer temperatures reach + 30 ° C and higher. Most of the rainy days are in autumn, while in summer precipitation is very rare.
How to get to Athens
The Greek capital can be reached by plane, ferry and ground transportation.
The city's air harbor is called Eleftherios Venizelos. Arriving at the airport of Athens, it is very easy to go directly to the city center. A branch has been laid from the terminal
- a state whose history dates back to 8000-10,000 years ago, and during this time its capital was unchanged - Athens. This legendary city has survived many wars and natural disasters, each time reviving again with a new look, but keeping the traces of past misfortunes for the edification of descendants. Not surprisingly, Athens is full of historical sites flanked by modern hotels and shopping malls. Such an unusual neighborhood attracts millions of tourists every year who want to relax under the warm Greek sun and get involved in the history of the country.
Historical reference
The date of the formation of the capital of Greece is not known, but the first mentions of it appeared in documents dated back to 7,000 BC. During this period, the reigning king was Cecroptus, he is considered the founder of the city of Athens.
There is a legend that the gods themselves competed among themselves, wanting the settlement to be named after them. And then the king gave them a task - to make a beautiful and useful gift. The gifts were varied, but many were not particularly beautiful, and some were useless to the people, for example, like Poseidon's fountain with water not suitable for drinking. Then Athena gave the city a small tree. It grew and began to bear fruit with olives - a craft that still remains one of the main in Greece. For the most useful gift, the goddess was honored, and the city was named after her.
Growing rapidly, Athens reached the pinnacle of its glory by 5,000 BC. and retained this reputation until 300 BC, when science and culture spread throughout Greece. The capital was rightfully considered the cradle of all knowledge, and it was so ahead of the nearby provinces that at times it was mistaken for a separate state. This political and life style persisted until the onset of our era, when Greece was mired in wars, and foreign invaders in succession replaced each other. Each new ruler took more and more, leaving only a small cultural heritage, so Greece quickly fell into decay. But everything changed at the beginning of the 19th century - the legendary country was freed from the oppression of the Ottomans and revived again.
Athens today
In 1833, Athens was officially declared the capital of modern Greece. Its new formation was taken up by King Otto of Bavaria, who dreamed that the country would regain its former glory, once again become the cradle of science and culture. For this purpose, the best world architects were summoned to the city, their works laid the foundation for its new look. Otto brilliantly managed to make his dream come true, because already in 1896 Greece was able to host the Olympic Games. Unfortunately, the wise ruler failed to see this.
In the 20th century, large-scale construction continued, but in addition to it, archaeological excavations began, allowing to restore the heritage of the once great country. Beneficially signed peace treaties support this direction, expanding the territory of modern Greece almost twice.
The Second World War could destroy all the undertakings of the Greek rulers, but this did not happen - after the German occupation, the construction boom began with renewed vigor, and hotels, theaters, museums, and stadiums known to many travelers appeared. At the same time, the modern city harmoniously combines the ancient heritage and technical progress, which has covered all the developed countries of the world in a wave.
Geography
As you know, Greece is located on the mainland and is washed by the Aegean and Mediterranean seas, and its influence extends to some islands. Athens is located in the center of the country and is landlocked, but active development will soon lead to the fact that the city will expand to the Saronic Gulf. On the other hand, it is limited by a natural barrier in the form of the mountains of Attica, so it will no longer be possible to expand the capital even more without creating artificial embankments on the water.
Most modern megalopolises are built according to a single principle, as a rule, this is linearity, when the main streets run parallel to each other. But there are places built according to the "sun" type, that is, from its center the main streets branch out like the sun's rays - this principle was popular in ancient times, therefore it was preserved in subjects with a rich historical heritage. Athens has combined both types of development, so it can be very difficult for a tourist to understand the interweaving of streets and lanes.
Experienced travelers recommend to stock up on a map for everyone who comes here to explore the sights, since even locals cannot always indicate the right way, and without knowing the language it will be difficult for them to ask a question.
Population
Athens is notable for the fact that a third of the population of the country has gathered here, and young people from the provinces continue to flock here for the sake of education and looking for opportunities to advance in work.
According to the 2017 census, the total population of the Greek capital is 3.5 million - and this is only officially registered Athenians, not counting migrants and persons with registration in other regions of the country. It turns out that at least 4 million people permanently live in the capital of Greece, and if we take into account the number of tourists, it becomes clear why there is such dense traffic on the streets, not only automobile traffic, but also pedestrian traffic.
Climate
The Greek capital is dominated by a mild climate, drawn from the Mediterranean Sea - hot summer here smoothly gives way to warm autumn, smoothly flowing into mild spring and again into summer. There are winter frosts, but they are so rare that every time they come as a surprise to local residents. In winter, Athens will delight tourists who dream of getting to know the sights without unnecessary fuss - the main tourist season has long since ended, so the streets are becoming much freer.
How to get there
The easiest and fastest way to get to Athens is by airline. The hospitable airport "Eleftherios Venizelos" welcomes all curious tourists, and so that the traffic is not strongly felt at his work, a metro line leads directly from the terminal. In addition, buses are constantly running to popular hotels, and trains are ready to take you to the suburbs.
If the task is to get to the capital of Greece from the sea side, the port of Piraeus will help. In summer, the ship's schedule is stable, but in winter it often changes due to bad weather - this moment must be taken into account when planning to get to the nearest islands for a one-day excursion. It may turn out that it will not be possible to return to the mainland on the same day.
For tourists traveling in Europe by private transport, the path is open through highways and highways. On some roads the infrastructure is better than on others - all this is on the maps, so before starting your trip, you should carefully study the route.
Sea and coastline
Although Athens itself is not yet landlocked, the suburb is known for its beaches, equipped with everything necessary for a good rest - these are sun loungers with umbrellas, showers, changing rooms, and storage rooms.
To really enjoy your beach holiday, it is preferable to go here during the summer months. The tourist peak is in July and August. To get to the sea, you don't have to rent a car or pay a lot for a taxi - trams and buses run from the city along the entire coastal line.
Districts
In total, the city is divided into 7 regions, three of them do not differ in an abundance of attractions and good infrastructure - these are residential areas, industrial or under construction, so tourists are not recommended to settle in their territory. The remaining four parts are of historical importance and are most often visited by tourists.
Plaka
The area, located in close proximity to the Acropolis, has a special atmosphere and architecture. Low white houses in the style of Hellas stretch along the cobbled narrow streets. The abundance of cafes, restaurants, souvenir shops and hotels clearly indicates that this is one of the tourist areas. To get acquainted with the monuments of the times of the rule of the Turks or the Byzantines, it is not necessary to go specific place- just walk the streets and look around.
Monastiraki
Located on the other side of the Acropolis and is a trade historical Center... There are such architectural monuments as libraries, towers and mosques. There is a local market on the territory of Monastiraki, where all kinds of goods are presented, and quality items at a low price are located in boutiques on the nearby Ermou Street. Those who settle in the Monastiraki area do not look for souvenir shops and do not bring magnets from their trips, because there are many more interesting items on the ruins.
Thissio
Looking for a vacation with children, it is worth settling in the Thissio area. This is an island of the city rich in parks, in which it is peaceful and quiet, in comparison with other parts of the capital. This is geographically located at a small distance from the center, a well-developed infrastructure allows you to quickly get to any point of interest. And if you don't want to go far, there are also interesting places and historical monuments within walking distance.
Syntagma
The area is named after a square located in the center of Athens. There is a modern parliament, a history museum and a national park. Many excursions to the sights of the capital of Greece start here.
Security
Although Athens is a historical center, it is a modern metropolis with its own laws and orders. Everyone is obliged to observe them - both locals and tourists. In order not to get into a mess, you should familiarize yourself with the basic rules of conduct at the stage of planning your trip.
General rules
First of all, one must remember that crowdedness always plays into the hands of robbers, of whom there are enough in the metropolis, therefore, you must always carefully monitor things, especially documents and money, especially in places where tourists are concentrated. Simple rules of conduct will help you save your property:
- It is better to keep the bag in front;
- It is better to put valuable items in inner pockets of clothes or front pockets of trousers;
- It is convenient to travel with a backpack, but it is from the back that most thefts are made, so you should not put documents and money there;
- Rallies and demonstrations in Athens are not uncommon, and especially violent participants are dispersed by the police, so you should not wedge into their ranks;
- It is recommended to keep your bag in sight at all times on public transport during rush hour.
Compliance with the rules of personal safety will help to avoid unpleasant moments during travel and to have a good rest.
Where not to go
In addition to tourist areas and important historical centers, the resort, like any other metropolis, has dangerous areas. Travelers are advised to avoid the deserted streets, Omonia Square, the port at night and the vicinity of the train station at dusk.
Neighborhood
Once you've explored the capital, it's time to head to the suburbs. The following places are popular among tourists:
- Averof - floating museum;
- Islands of Hydra and Aegina;
- Zoology Park;
- Temple of Poseidon;
- Mount Parnitha.
Some sights are located near the city, others require you to go on a journey up to 100 km long, and boats or yachts are delivered to the islands, but no difficulties frighten travelers in an effort to explore as many interesting places as possible and join the history of Greece.
Ways to get around the city
A well-developed transport system in Athens does not always allow you to get to your destination quickly - traffic jams here can be as protracted as in other metropolitan areas.
Within the city, tariffs for public transport are the same regardless of its type. The ticket can be purchased for 1.5 hours, a day or 5 days, which will cost 1.5, 4.5 and 9 euros, respectively.
Trams
Modern tram cars travel on rails with a total length of 27 km. The main line runs along the coast, there is also an additional branch to Sintangma. There are three tram routes in total:
- Vula - Neo-Falira # 3;
- Neo-Falira - Syntagma No. 4;
- Syntangma - Wula # 5.
A distinctive feature of trams is that they never get stuck in traffic jams, since the rails are laid not on the main, but on additional streets, where cars and buses are not allowed to pass.
Buses
There are 100 times more bus routes than trams. This is the most common form of transport, helping to get anywhere, not only in Athens, but also outside the city. To reduce travel time, drivers do not stop at all stops, but only at the request of passengers or if they see a signal from people waiting for transport - this moment must be taken into account when making bus trips.
If you plan to travel by public transport often. It is better to purchase an appropriate route map to keep track of stops while driving.
Underground
A big plus of the metro, like trams, is the absence of traffic jams. However, the disadvantage is the same - only three branches function, connecting the main transport hubs:
- Green Line from Piraeus to Kifissia;
- Blue from Agia Marina to the Airport;
- Red from Antupoli to Elliniko.
Residents of large cities with a well-developed metro in the Athenian metro are unlikely to get lost. What is surprising is the lack of turnstiles. Tourists often commit the sin of passing through the "hare", not knowing that there are controllers constantly working in the metro, fining free riders.
Mapunderground
- Suburban railways are marked in yellow on the map.
- The airport and port have corresponding airplane and ship icons.
- The letter T denotes the places where the metro intersects with the tram line, that is, you can change trains.
Taxi
An official taxi service runs around the city. Traditionally, these are cars painted yellow and complemented by black checkers. The Athenian taxi does not adhere to any specific models, so the cars can be either economy or premium class. Cars are equipped with a counter that calculates the cost of the trip.
For moving within the city, the passenger will have to pay 0.7 euros per kilometer, when traveling to the suburbs, the tariff increases to 1.2 euros. In addition, the landing amount is calculated - this is another plus 1.2 euros. And if the tourist called the car by phone, and did not catch it on the street, he will have to pay an additional 2 euros. At night, all prices can be safely multiplied by 2.
Of course, taxi rides are more convenient than any other public transport, but taking into account the mileage, the trip will not be cheap, and dishonest drivers say the total amount is more than it actually is, in the hope that the unlucky passenger will not notice errors in the calculations.
Rent
There are more than enough car rental offices in Athens, but the heavy traffic in the summer makes this mode of transport not a privilege but a burden. The situation changes radically if you go out of town or get acquainted with the sights in winter - it is a pleasure to move around the half-empty streets in a rented car.
sights
The capital of Greece, thanks to its bright past, is rich in art and ancient monuments, which attracts tourists and bright minds of all countries. Acquaintance with ancient monuments is carried out both in the capital itself and outside it, and there is not enough time to explore every corner during a standard two-week vacation, so it is recommended to compile a list of the most interesting places in advance.
Museums
There are about 2.5 hundred Byzantine and Christian museums and exhibitions in the city, but the most valuable are:
- Agora;
- Museum of Archeology;
- Acropolis;
- Averof;
- Exhibition of Cycladic Art.
From May to October, all exhibitions are open to the public every day. During the off-season and in winter, viewing hours are greatly reduced, but still attractions remain accessible to locals and rare tourists.
Streets
Since many streets have been renovated, they are considered a historical heritage. Although traditional goods are sold in small shops, they are closely intertwined with memorable places and facilities, so a slow walk through Plaka or Ermou Street is enough to get to know the history.
Religious buildings
Athens is famous for its ancient temples and churches, therefore, having visited here, one cannot fail to visit at least one historically significant religious building. Of course, the most famous architectural monument is the Acropolis and the nearby temples.
Followers of Christianity will find it interesting to visit the Church of the Mother of God or St. George. The reign of the Ottoman Empire did not pass unnoticed for Athens - occasionally mosques are found in the city, for example, Tsisdaraki.
Monuments
Since the capital of Greece is the cradle of science and culture, there are monuments dedicated to many ancient scientists, such as Socrates or Plato, as well as rulers. Particularly noteworthy is the monument to Philopappos, the heir who never accepted the throne, since the Roman Empire seized power. But this did not prevent Philopappos from achieving a certain level of power and influencing the life of the city, making it better. In his honor, not only a monument has been erected, but also a hill is named where a two-level building stands.
Excursions
Since Athens is a metropolitan metropolis, it is not surprising that excursion tours to every corner of Greece go from here. There are one-day trips to the nearest islands and other attractions, and sometimes people go to remote corners by plane for 2-3 days.
When planning an active cultural holiday with a visit to tourist areas at a considerable distance from each other, experienced tourists recommend taking a minimum of things with them and planning the route in advance. The hotel is chosen at the point of current research, so as not to be tied to the same place.
Entertainment
For most guests, cultural recreation is a priority, although sometimes you want to step back from it and relax a little. The capital of Greece is ready to offer travelers a variety of entertainment for every taste.
Shopping
People rarely go to Greece for shopping, since the local European brands do not differ in quality and price from those sold in metropolitan areas around the world. If you want to buy souvenirs, then it is more profitable to do it in the market. True, if there is no desire to bargain, then you will have to donate a round amount for gifts for friends. This rule applies to both factory-made products and hand-made goods.
Gastronomic rest
Greek cuisine is rightfully considered one of the most harmonious and beneficial to health, so it is not surprising that cafes and restaurants prevail on the streets with Greek cuisine... However, it is not difficult to find popular dishes from around the world in Athens. Lalloudes and To Kofenio are particularly popular.
Nightlife
Nightlife lovers will have plenty to do in the Greek capital. Venue, villa Mercedes and Baraonda stand out among the best nightclubs. Music here does not stop until the morning. Almost all establishments have a dress code of medium severity - evening dress is required from guests.
Athens for kids
Young tourists will not be bored. Practice has shown that even trips to historical sites are of interest to them. Still, most of all, children like water parks, zoos, planetarium and amusement parks, of which there are a lot in the capital of Greece.
The guides advise parents who take their children to explore ancient temples and ruins to carefully monitor their children so that they do not harm themselves or the centuries-old structures in search of new knowledge.
Useful information
When visiting Athens, many tourists prefer to abandon the services of travel agencies in favor of independent recreation. This is an excellent solution, because individual planning will allow you to see many attractions and visit places that are closed from large excursion groups.
The first thing to write down in the guide is the address and telephone number of the Russian consulate. People turn here on questions and problems arising with the Athenian authorities. The consulate is located at: Chalandri, st. Tzavela, 5. Phones:
- 210-671-19-35;
- 210-671-19-06;
- 210-674-97-08.
The consulate works only on weekdays in the morning. Public holidays in Russia are days off for consular employees.
Besides independent tourists emergency services may be needed. It is easy to contact them as follows:
- 104 or 154 - roadside assistance;
- 170 - anti-terrorist service;
- 108 - coast guard;
- 112 - unified rescue service;
- 197 - emergency care;
- 199 - fire service
- 166 - ambulance;
- 100 - police;
- 107 - round-the-clock pharmacy information desk.
The authorities of the city of Athens remind tourists to be careful during the holiday and carefully monitor health and property. In the event of an emergency, contact the appropriate emergency service.
Watch video about Athens
There is no city in Europe that looks like Athens. This also applies to ancient monuments and the most difficult historical path along which the Greek capital passed. Having reborn, Athens has become a modern cultural center of Greece and a major European city full of contrasts. Ancient ruins here side by side with luxury hotels, and idyllic beaches are just a stone's throw from the bustling city center.
Geography of Athens: what is the capital of Greece
Athens is located in Central Greece (Attica), surrounded by the mountains of Parnitha, Imittos, Pendeli and Egaleo. The city and the metropolitan area occupy an area of 410 square kilometers, and the population with the suburbs is more than 3 million inhabitants. Although this figure is arbitrary, because numerous students, repatriates and migrants come to the Greek capital.
The city is divided into 7 districts. However, it is unofficially customary to divide Athens into historical districts, the most famous of which are Kolonaki, Plaka, Monastiraki and Exarchia.
History of the city of Athens
The history of Athens is so ancient that the exact age of the city cannot be determined. It is only known that it is the oldest of the currently inhabited cities in Europe. The origin of Athens is associated with mythology. According to legend, they appeared as a result of a dispute between Poseidon and Athena for the right to make the best gift to the first king of the city - Cecrop. The goddess of wisdom won the victory, and she became the patroness of the city.
In antiquity, Athens, along with Sparta, played a leading role in the life of Greece. Here democracy was formed, the art of theater was becoming. The city-state was home to outstanding creators, artists, orators and politicians. Prosperity continued until the Peloponnesian Wars, which resulted in the defeat of Athens. They forever lost their leading position, although they finally turned into an ordinary provincial city with the flourishing of the Roman Empire and the arrival of Christianity.
In the Middle Ages, French, Italian and Byzantine knights claimed the right to rule Athens. In the 15th century, the city was ceded to the Ottoman Empire. Subsequently, the wars between the Turks and the Venetians weakened the city even more - the population declined, many historical monuments were destroyed.
Only in 1833 did the city manage to become the Greek capital and a new era began. The University of Athens, Syntagma Square and the National Park appeared, and the first Olympic Games of our time were held.
Today Athens is a metropolis and a major transport hub in Greece with a bright nightlife, ancient monuments, a lot of cultural events. The city has developed trolleybus and bus networks, metro and international Airport, which annually receives 16 million passengers.
Best season to visit Athens
The right time to visit Athens depends entirely on the purpose of the tourist. One thing is for sure: the Greek capital is a year-round destination that is attractive in any season.
If you want to explore the city without queues and heat, as well as have a large selection of hotels, it is better to come in January-April or October-November. However, it should be borne in mind that in low season some restaurants are closed and attractions change schedules. June-September are considered to be the busiest months. Numerous crowds of tourists pour into the hustle and bustle of Athens. Although there is no better time to combine sightseeing tourism and recreation on the coast.
Athens travel guide
The goal of any tourist in Athens is the Acropolis with many historical monuments. The main ones include the Dionysus Theater, which hosted competitions between the authors of tragedies and other cultural events in Athens. The outstanding monument of the Acropolis Erechtheion will give a complete picture of the architecture of the Ionian Order. And the scale of the Parthenon will make it possible to appreciate the works of the best architects and builders of antiquity. All the originals of the Acropolis finds can be seen in its New Museum, which owns a huge collection of statues, bas-reliefs and cult items.
However, beautiful ancient buildings have survived not only on the Acropolis. On the Agora, which in ancient times was considered the center of city life, the temple of Hephaestus is located. It survived largely due to the fact that a church was organized here in Byzantine times. In the southern part of the Agora, there is the Odeon, which resembles a Roman amphitheater. The Athens Festival is held here every year.
Tourists enjoy their time in Plaka. This is the oldest Athenian area with colorful architecture, many old buildings, narrow streets and shops. The relaxed atmosphere makes Plaka one of the most charming places in the city.
Cape Sounion is located 65 km from the city, which is worth visiting for two reasons. Firstly, the temple of Poseidon and fragments of the temple of Athena have been preserved here. Secondly, on Sounion you can watch sunsets of amazing beauty. In addition, the cape is shrouded in legends. It was in this place, according to myths, that Aegeus threw himself into the sea.
Athens: sea and beaches
Near the metropolis there are a number of good beaches that Athenians flock to after a day's work or on weekends. The suburb of Glyfada is the most popular destination. The sandy coastline of this resort is ideal for family vacation... Some beaches are free, others are well equipped and charge a visit fee.
In the suburbs of Athens, there is the Mati beach and the adjoining Agios Andreas. The coast is strewn with pebbles, equipped with sun loungers. There are taverns and water attractions here.
The beaches of Vouliagmeni are ideal for relaxation after a long day. They are located 23 km from the city. On the coast there are restaurants and tennis courts, playgrounds are equipped. Fans of wild beaches on Vouliagmeni will love the place of Limanaki with exotic nature and the purest sea.
How to get to Athens
The main transport gates of the Greek capital are Eleftherios Venizelos airport and the port of Piraeus. The most convenient way to get to Athens is by air. The airport receives regular flights and charters from many countries. Directly from the terminal, several points of Athens can be reached by any of the six shuttle buses.
Taxi at Eleftherios Venizelos airport.
Port of Piraeus.
Piraeus connects Athens to all popular destinations in Greece and beyond. You can get from the port to the center by buses No. 49, 40 (to Syntagma and Omonia) or prefer the metro (Green Line).
The city of Athens is located on the territory of a state (country) Greece, which in turn is located on the continent Europe.In which periphery is the city of Athens located?
The city of Athens is part of the Attica periphery.The characteristic of the periphery or subject of the country is the possession of the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements included in the periphery.
The periphery of Attica is an administrative unit of the state of Greece.
Population of the city of Athens.
The population of the city of Athens is 3,168,846.What time zone is Athens located in?
The city of Athens is located in the administrative time zone: UTC + 2, in summer UTC + 3. Thus, you can determine the time difference in the city of Athens, relative to the time zone in your city.Telephone area code of Athens
Telephone code of the city of Athens: +30 210. In order to call the city of Athens from a mobile phone, you need to dial the code: +30 210 and then directly the subscriber's number.Official website of the city of Athens.
The website of the city of Athens, the official website of the city of Athens or as it is also called the "Official website of the administration of the city of Athens": http://www.cityofathens.gr/.Coat of arms of the city of Athens.
In the description of the city of Athens, the coat of arms of the city of Athens is presented, which is the distinctive sign of the city.Metro in the city of Athens.
The metro in the city of Athens is called the Athens Metro and is a means of public transport.The passenger traffic of the Athens metro (the traffic of the Athens metro) is 493.80 million people per year.
The number of metro lines in the city of Athens is 3 lines. The total number of metro stations in Athens is 65. The length of metro lines or the length of metro tracks is: 83.30 km.
