- an island state in the West Indies, in the eastern part Caribbean... The state is located on three islands of the Leeward Islands archipelago - Antigua, Barbuda and Redonda (the latter is an uninhabited rock).
The name of the country comes from the two largest islands in the country.
Official name:
Capital: St. John's
The area of the land: 442.6 sq. km
Total population: 86.8 thousand people
Administrative division: The state is divided into 8 districts.
Form of government: A constitutional monarchy
Head of State: Queen of Great Britain, represented by the Governor General.
Population composition: 91% are blacks, 4.4% are mulattoes, 1.7% are white, 2.9% are others.
Official language: English. The local dialect "patois" is also widely used, which is a mixture of English, Spanish, Portuguese, French and local dialects.
Religion: 26% Anglicans, 12% Seventh-day Adventists, 11% Pentecostals, 11% Moravians, 10% Catholics, 22% Other Christians (Methodists, Baptists, Church of God, etc.), 6% Atheists and undecided ...
Internet domain: .ag
Mains voltage: ~ 230 V, 50 Hz
Country dialing code: +1-268
Climate
Tropical trade wind, warm and relatively dry. All year round, the air temperature is kept within the range from + 26-27 C (January) to + 30-32 C (July). There is about 1300 mm of precipitation per year, with the maximum amount of rain falling between August and September-December.
Winds blow almost constantly on the islands, significantly softening the heat. In the period from June to November, it is possible for tropical hurricanes to pass over the country's territory, accompanied by stormy winds and heavy rainfall.
Geography
Antigua and Barbuda, an island country in the eastern Caribbean (in the West Indies) - part of the Small Archipelago Antilles(part of the Windward Islands group). Consists of two middle islands - Antigua and Barbuda, a small uninhabited island. Redonda and several small islets near about. Antigua. Area - 442 sq. km, including Antigua - 281 sq. km, Barbuda - 161 sq. km.
Hilly about. Antigua consists mainly of coral limestones with volcanic uplands in the southwest (Shirley Mountains; the highest point in the southwest of the island is Mount Boggy, 402 m) and southeast. Coastline strongly indented, there are deep natural harbors and bays (including St. John's in the north-west - 3.2 km long; Parham in the north-east, English in the south).
Barbuda is located 40 km north of Antigua - flat coral island with deep Codrington lagoon. The shores of the island are lined with beautiful sandy beaches, shallow waters and coral reefs. Both islands are washed from the northeast by the waters Atlantic Ocean... Redonda Island is rocky with a maximum height of 305 m above sea level. There are earthquakes (the strongest are in 1690 and 1843).
Flora and fauna
Vegetable world
There are no forests on the territory of the island of Antigua, which distinguishes it from other islands of the archipelago. The territory of the island of Barbuda is covered with forests.
Antigua and Barbuda's national plant, Widdy Widdy (Corchorus siliquosus L), belongs to the Tiliaceae family.
The national flower of Antigua and Barbuda is Agave. The Dagger Log "s (Agave karatto Miller).
The national fruit of Antigua and Barbuda is the Antiguan black pineapple (Ananas comosus). It was originally used for twine, clothing and medicinal purposes. It is currently grown mainly on the southern side of Antigua.
Animal world
The fauna of the islands is poor. Many species of birds, lizards and turtles have survived on the island of Barbuda. Wildlife is best preserved on the island of Barbuda. The avifauna is the richest. The coastal waters are teeming with fish and crustaceans. Marine parks have been established to protect the ecosystems of the coral islands.
The national bird of Antigua and Barbuda, the Frigate (Fregata magnificens L, a member of the oceanic bird family of the copepod order), is also known as the Weatherbird. The national animal of Antigua and Barbuda - the Deer was introduced by Codrington in the early 18th century and lives only on the island of Barbuda and Guiana.
sights
The island group of Wadadli was discovered by Columbus in 1493, during his second expedition to the shores of the New World. Columbus named the island after the church of Antigua de Santa Maria in Seville.
The most beautiful island with a picturesque coastline, many bays and rich vegetation, for a long time it has become an arena for the struggle of European colonists with aggressive Indian tribes and the forces of nature. Only in the middle of the 17th century, the life of the settlers began to improve, and today the islands of Antigua and Barbuda are one of the largest resort areas West Indies.
Antigua is home to a huge number of modern hotels, nightclubs, casinos, water sports centers and entertainment complexes.
Banks and currency
East Caribbean Dollar (XCD or EC $), equal to 100 cents. In circulation there are banknotes in denominations of 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5 dollars and coins in denominations of 1 dollar, 50, 25, 10, 5, 2 and 1 cent. The East Caribbean dollar is pegged to the US dollar and has not changed since 1976 (EC $ 2.7 = US $ 1). The US dollar is freely circulating, many prices are quoted in both US and East Caribbean dollars.
Banks are open from Monday to Friday from 8.00 to 13.00 and from 15.00 to 17.00. Some banks, most notably Bank Antigua, are open on Saturdays from 08.00 to 12.00.
Currency can be exchanged at bank offices, hotels and large stores. Although the East Caribbean dollar is tightly pegged to the US dollar, exchange rates can vary widely from institution to institution. The most stable exchange rate is in the offices of international banks in St. John's; in tourist areas, the rate is often less favorable, although there you can freely pay in US dollars.
All types of credit cards are accepted for payment. If the price of a product or service, upon payment credit cards, initially indicated in East Caribbean dollars, then the amount is withdrawn from the card taking into account the conversion at the exchange rate, therefore, in such cases, the conversion conditions should be clarified in advance. Traveller's checks can be cashed at bank offices, hotels and large shops. To avoid additional conversion costs, it is recommended to use traveller's checks in US dollars.
Useful information for tourists
The islands attract numerous tourists for their beautiful sea beaches with white and pink coral sand. Tourism is the dominant direction of the country's economy.
The country is also a well-known offshore center, attracting foreign capital flows and providing huge tax breaks for non-residents.
Tipping is usually given in the amount of 10-15% of the total cost, depending on the level of service. It is customary to leave a taxi driver 10%, a porter 50 cents for each bag.
General information
Official name - Antigua and Barbuda, translated from Spanish - "ancient" and "bearded". The state is located on the islands of the same name and the island of Redonda in the group of the Lesser Antilles (Caribbean Sea). The area is 442 km 2. Population - 86 654 people. (for 2009). The state language is English. The capital is St. John's. The monetary unit is the East Caribbean dollar.
Island state in the West, in the Eastern Caribbean. The length of the coastline is 153 km. The country consists of three islands - Antigua, Barbuda and Redonda (practically uninhabited).
The climate is tropical maritime with small seasonal temperature fluctuations. All year round, the air temperature is kept within the range from + 26 + 27 ° С (January) to + 30 + 32 ° С (July). There is about 1300 mm of precipitation per year, with the maximum amount of rain falling between August and September-December. Winds blow almost constantly on the islands, significantly softening the heat. In the period from June to November, it is possible for tropical hurricanes to pass over the country's territory, accompanied by stormy winds and heavy rainfall.
History
The first inhabitants of the islands of Antigua, Barbuda and Redonda, which are now occupied by the state of Antigua and Barbuda, were the Siboneans, whose origin is still unclear. In the first century A.D. the Arawak Indians settled on the islands, who arrived in these regions from the mainland lands of the South American continent. In the XIII century. the Arawak tribes were replaced by the Caribbean tribes, famous for their warlike disposition and vast territories of conquest.
In 1493, the islands of the Lesser Antilles group, which also include the territories of Antigua and Barbuda, were discovered by the sea by the navigator Christopher Columbus (1451-1506). True, the Spaniards failed to find a common language with the locals: the Caribbean warriors resolutely blocked the path of foreigners.
Europeans managed to gain a foothold on the islands of the future state of Antigua and Barbuda only in the seventeenth century. In 1632, the first English colony appeared on the island of Antigua. In 1663, the land was granted by King Charles II to Lord Willoughby, who established a small plantation farm here (the main crops grown at that time were indigo, ginger, tobacco). Slaves from Africa were brought to the island to work in the fields.
Already in 1671, a full-fledged colony of the Leeward Islands was formed, which included not only the island of Antigua, but also Barbuda St. Kitts, Montserrat By 1689, each island had its own apparatus of power, which was the Assembly (its members were local landowners and planters) ... In addition to the previously cultivated spices and tobacco, sugarcane was cultivated on the territory of the colony, which later became the main export crop of the Leeward Islands. The slave regime was abolished in the English possessions only in 1834, but in fact, slave living conditions remained ineradicable for many years.
Difficult times for the English colony fell on the 1930s - the period of the global economic crisis. During these years, the general economic downturn was accompanied by a decrease in demand for sugar, the main export product of the islands, which caused serious problems in the islands of Antigua and Barbuda. On the basis of the crisis in 1940, the Trade Union and Workers 'Union was formed on the islands, which immediately began to organize workers' demonstrations.
In 1967, she formally weakened the shackles of colonial dependence of Antigua and Barbuda: the islands received the status of a state associated with Great Britain with the right to full internal self-government. Since then in former colony gradual democratization began, but the solution of diplomatic issues, defense and trade remained under the jurisdiction of the British government. The Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda, George Walter (1928-2008), continued to fight for the freedom of the "associated state with Great Britain", while the islands experienced another crisis: sugar factories that fed most of the local population were simply closed.
Antigua and Barbuda gained full independence rather late - November 1, 1981. However, the monarch of Great Britain is considered the formal head of state.
Attractions Antigua and Barbuda
Columbus named Antigua island in honor of the Church of Antigua de Santa Maria in Seville. The most beautiful island with a picturesque coastline, many bays and rich vegetation, for a long time became an arena for the struggle of European colonists with aggressive Indian tribes and the forces of nature. Only in the middle of the 17th century, the life of the settlers began to improve, and today the islands of Antigua and Barbuda are one of the largest resort areas in the West Indies.
Island of barbuda lies 42 km north of Antigua. This quiet, pastoral-rural island, which is home to only 2% of the country's population, is very rarely visited by tourists - mainly bird watchers and yachtsmen come here. Nevertheless, this small piece of land in the endless expanse of the sea is considered one of the most colorful islands on the planet, and its eight-kilometer Long Beach is also one of the most beautiful shores in the world. More like a village capital of the island, Codrington was named after the Gloucestershire family that once leased Barbuda to the British crown for "one fat pig a year." Barbuda, almost entirely composed of limestone rocks, abounds in caves.
A tiny and virtually uninhabited volcanic rock known as Redonda, located 56 km south-west of Barbuda. The island is practically not visited by tourists, only yachtsmen are frequent guests of these waters. Currently, a natural park is located on Redonda.
Spainish Port, surrounded by coral reefs in the extreme southeast of the island, most likely named after the accident of the Spanish merchant ship "Santiago de Cullerin", archaeologists believe, was the main area of settlement of the Arawaks for five hundred years BC.
Dickenson Bay on the northwest coast of Antigua, is especially attractive for tourists with children. Thanks to clear waters and wide beach area with soft and delicate sand. Although, of course, if the beaches across the island are generally relatively quiet, this is uncommon in the Dickenson Bay area. Large resort hotels located in Dickenson Bay - Antigua Village, Halcien Cove (with Wory Pier), Siboney Resort. The coastline is lined with restaurants, beach bars, water sports concessions. There are several uninhabited islands and a long coral reef.
English Harbor, a village located in the south of the island, whose name comes from the nearby harbor, is a center for water tourism, especially yachting and boating. English Harbor, located nearby (on the east coast), and Falmouth Harbor, on the north coast of the island, are two natural sheltered harbors for sea-going ships.
Nelson Dockyard Museum housed in a building built in 1855, it offers a wonderful journey into the era of privateers, pirates, and the great battles of the sea. The collection of the museum is constantly replenished with exhibits thanks to archaeological and historical research in Antigua. The park itself has excellent sandy beaches, lush tropical vegetation, mangrove forests with a migrating colony of Egyptian herons, and many cactus species. The best hiking trail that starts at the Galleon Beach Hotel is from English Harbor to Shirley Heights. Having reached an altitude of 150 meters, travelers will be rewarded with amazing panoramic views.
Antigua and Barbuda cuisine
Antigua and Barbuda's indigenous cooking traditions are based on country-specific products and cooking methods The Caribbean.
From plant products, sweet potatoes and corn play a huge role in Antiguan cuisine, while rice is slightly less popular. Fruits grow in a wide variety, but most often coconuts and bananas are used, as well as exotic tamarind or Indian date - a tropical plant of the legume family, the pulp of which is used in sauces, spicy dishes, desserts and snacks.
Fish and seafood occupy an important place in the diet: flying fish, berix, red snapper, delicious lobster and shrimp. They are fried in coals, stewed and baked. Salted dried fish is very popular.
Meat dishes are represented by all kinds of meat, but mutton and poultry meat are considered the most used. Due to its high cost, beef is cooked much less often.
The traditional local breakfast includes salted fish, eggplant known as Troba, eggs and lettuce. For lunch, they prefer starchy dishes - rice or pasta, as well as fresh vegetables or salads from them. For lunch, a main course of meat or fish is served with a side dish: pasta casserole, baked sweet potatoes, or fried bananas. For dessert, ice cream, jelly, cake or pie stuffed with apples, pineapples or mangoes are most often eaten.
Funji is a cornmeal dish reminiscent of Italian polenta. It is a thick porridge that is sometimes boiled with okra and served with fried flying fish or stews.
Dukan- dumplings made from grated sweet potatoes, sugar, flour, coconut, vanilla and nutmeg. They are boiled wrapped in foil or banana leaves. Serve with the salted Bakala cod or together with Chop-Do - a mixture of spinach, eggplant and okra. Can also be eaten cold or cut into thin slices and lightly fried.
Peanut roasted nuts- a popular dessert in Antigua. For its preparation, sugar syrup is boiled until caramelization, then peanuts, spices, baking powder are added and poured on a flat granite or marble surface for cooling. The cooled roasted nuts are broken with a wooden mallet.
The most popular local soft drinks are Maubi (from the bark of the Colubrina tree), Simoss (a drink made from red algae, milk and cinnamon, considered an aphrodisiac), tamarind, hibiscus, raspberry, mango, passionfruit, guava, soursop, and ginger beer juices.
The islands produce alcoholic beverages High Quality: beer, whiskey and rum, including the famous Wadadli beer, named after the ancient name of the island, as well as the English Harbor rum.
Antigua and Barbuda on the map
5 425ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA(Antigua and Barbuda).
General information
A. and B. - the state in Lat. America, West Indies. Located in the eastern Caribbean, in the northern Lesser Antilles [east of Saint Kitts and Nevis, northeast of Montserrat (UK), north of Guadeloupe (FR)], in the Windward Islands group. Includes the islands of Antigua, Barbuda (48 km north of Antigua), Redonda (56 km west of Antigua; uninhabited) and a number of small islands near Antigua. Area 443 km 2 (including Antigua island 281 km 2, Barbuda island 161 km 2, Redonda island 2.6 km 2). Population 91.3 thousand people. (2014, estimate). The capital is St. John's (on the island of Antigua). Officer language - English (Creole dialect). The monetary unit is the East Caribbean dollar. Adm.-Terr. division: 6 counties and 2 dependent (wards) territories (the islands of Barbuda and Redonda). A. and B. are a member of the Caribbean Community (1974), UN (1981), OAS (1981), Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (1981), IMF (1982), Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (2009).
Political system
A. and B. - a unitary state, which is part of Commonwealth... The Constitution was adopted on 7/31/1981. The form of government of A. and B. is a constitutional monarchy.
Head of State - Brit. the monarch, represented by the governor-general, who is appointed at the suggestion of the prime minister A. and B.
The supreme body is legislature. authorities - a bicameral parliament. The House of Representatives is composed of 17 members: 16 from Antigua and one from Barbuda; elected by direct elections for 5 years in single-mandate elections. districts on the majoritarian system. The Senate consists of 17 members, appointed by the Governor General for 5 years: 11 at the proposal of the Prime Minister, 4 by the leader of the opposition, one by the Council of Barbuda and one at the discretion of the Senate.
Execute. power is exercised by the government. The Governor General appoints the Prime Minister from among the members of the House of Representatives, the leader of the party with the most seats, and the ministers on the proposal of the Prime Minister. The government is accountable to the House of Representatives.
Nature
Antigua is a hilly coral island with volcanic. uplands in the southwest (heights up to 402 m, Mount Boggi - the highest point of A. and B.) and the southeast (see map). The coastline is heavily indented, there are deep natures. harbors and bays (including St. John's, Parem, English Harbor). Barbuda is a flat coral island with deep Codrington lagoon, sandy beaches; framed by coral reefs. Redonda Island is rocky. The climate is tropical trade wind. Wed the annual air temperature is 27 ° C (in July it reaches 30 ° C), precipitation is 1150 mm per year. The rainiest period is from September to November, in February - April there are droughts, in July - October hurricanes are characteristic. Due to the lack of a river network, the problem of fresh water is acute. The flora and fauna are best preserved on the island of Barbuda: in the tropical. deer and wild boars live in the forests, and waterfowl live in the lagoon. On the territory of A. and B. - nat. Nelsons Dockyard Park and Diamond Reef Marine Park, which preserve coral reef ecosystems.
Population
B.h. of the population of A. and B. (87.3% in 2011, estimate) - West Indian blacks(antiguans); also live mulattos (4.7%), immigrants from other countries Lat. America - Dominica, Guyana, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2.7% in total), Whites of Irish and British descent (1.6% in total), US Americans, immigrants from Asian countries (including Arab Christians of the Middle East and Sephardic Jews; total 2.7%), did not indicate their origin 1%.
In 1950–2014 the number of us. A. and B. increased by 2 times, while in the 1980s. decreased by 12% (46.0 thousand people in 1950; 65.4 thousand people in 1970; 70.3 thousand people in 1980; 61.9 thousand people in 1990; 77.6 thousand people. people in 2000; 88.2 thousand people in 2011, census); the decline is due to migrants. outflow of us. In 2014, the number of us. increased by 1.25%; natures. the growth of us. amounted to 10.2 per 1000 inhabitants, migrants. inflow - 2.23 per 1000 inhabitants. The birth rate is 15.9 per 1000 inhabitants. (2014), mortality 5.7 per 1000 inhabitants. Fertility rate 2.0 children per woman (2014), infants mortality is 13.3 per 1000 live births (including boys - 15.3, girls - 11.2). Wed the life expectancy of us. 76.1 years (2014, including men - 74.0 years, women - 78.3 years). Wed the age of us. 31.1 years (2014; including men - 29.4 years, women - 32.6 years). In the age structure of us. the share of children (under 15 years old) is 24.3% (2014), people of working age (15–65 years old) - 68.4%, elderly people (over 65 years old) - 7.3%. There are 111.1 women per 100 men (2014).
Wed the density of us. 206.1 people / km 2 (2014) The island of Antigua is home to 90.9% of the population. (2011, census). Share of mountains. US. 24.2% (2014; 29.8% in 2011). The largest city is St. John's (81.8 thousand people, 2011). Economically active us. 30 thousand people (1991). Among those working in the service sector, 82% are employed (1983), in industry and construction 11%, in agriculture, forestry and fishing 7%. Officer unemployment rate 11% (2001).
Religion
OK. 86% of the population are Christians, including approx. 78% are representatives of various Protestant denominations (the majority are Anglicans, also Seventh-day Adventists, Pentecostals, Moravian brothers, Methodists, Baptists, etc.), approx. 8% are Catholics; OK. 2% - representatives of other religious groups (Muslims, Hindus, Baha'is, adherents of Rastafarianism, etc. Caribbean syncretic cults); more than 11% do not identify themselves as belonging to any religious group (2011, census). There is 1 diocese of the Roman Catholic Church. Anglican parishes are included in the diocese of the Northeastern Caribbean islands and Aruba Churches in the West Indies. Article 11 “Protection of Freedom of Conscience” of the 1981 Constitution guarantees every person the right to freedom of religion.
Historical sketch
Before isp. conquest, the island of Antigua was inhabited by arawak(approximately from the beginning of our era) and Caribs(1st half of 2nd mil.). The island of Antigua was discovered by H. Columbus during the 2nd expedition (1493). The lack of drinking sources and the resistance of the warlike Indians (Caribbean) forced the Spaniards to leave the island. In 1632, English settlers landed on Antigua. Long-term conflicts between the European powers over the capture of the West Indies led to the fact that part of them, including the islands of Antigua and Barbuda, was transferred to England through the Peace of Brad in 1667. By this time, part of the British had moved from Antigua to Barbuda. A plantation economy developed in Antigua (sugar production from the end of the 17th century) using the labor of Negro slaves until 1834, and food crops were grown in Barbuda to supply Antigua with them. In 1967 Antigua received the status of a state associated with Great Britain. 1.11.1981 A. and B. were proclaimed independent state as part of British Commonwealth(now the Commonwealth). Leader of the Antigua Labor Party, L. Byrd, became Prime Minister. In 2004-14, the center-left United Progressive Party was in power (leader - B. Spencer), in the elections in 2014 the Labor Party, led by G. Brown, won again. Diplomatic relations with the USSR were established on 5.1.1990.
Farm
The volume of GDP (at purchasing power parity, 2013) $ 1,610 million; per soul of us. OK. 17.9 thousand dollars.Human Development Index 0.774 (2013; 61st place among 187 countries). The service sector creates 81.4% of GDP (2013), industry and construction - 16.4%, agriculture, forestry and fishing - 2.2%.
Industry
The leading industry is food flavors. Production of rum (1.5 million liters, 2010), wine, beer, sugar, molasses, molasses, coconut and cottonseed oil. Electricity production 115 million kWh (2010); there are small fuel oil thermal power plants and diesel power plants. In spec. economical zone (2000; Coolidge district on the island of Antigua) - export-oriented production of clothing, bed linen, dyes and furniture. In St. John's, there are small businesses that assemble household electrical appliances, produce electronic components and produce cement. Sand mining on the island of Barbuda. Harvesting of valuable wood species (mahogany, cedar and acacia). Handicraft production of pottery, fabrics, clothing, etc. Agriculture, forestry and fishing. Arable land and perennial plantations occupy 18% of the territory, pastures - 9%, forests - 22%. On the island of Antigua, sugar cane (until the mid-1990s - the main agricultural crop), cotton, and tropical crops are grown. fruits, coconut, vegetables and melons (mainly melons). Due to the shortage of fresh water (obtained by desalination of sea water), the yield of the main. s.-kh. crops are low. Gross harvest (tons, 2012): 1200 mango, 420 lemons and limes, 360 pineapples, 250 bananas; tomatoes 450, eggplants 370, zucchini and squash 330, carrots 300, onions 280, hot peppers 90; melons 1000; raw cotton 65 (2013). They breed large and small ruminants, pigs and poultry. Production (t, 2012) of meat 1306, including beef 560, poultry meat 335, pork 215, goat meat 126, mutton 70; milk 6000; eggs 4.6 mln. A reforestation program is being implemented. Fishing for your own. consumption (off the coast of the island of Antigua) and the production of seafood (mainly lobster) for export (off the coast of the island of Barbuda).
Services sector
The leading sectors of the country's economy are foreign. tourism (75% of GDP and 40% of employment, 2010) and financial services (offshore banking). In 2010 A. and B. visited approx. 1 million foreign tourists (from the USA, UK, Canada and the Caribbean); tourism revenues amounted to 312 million dollars diving (inspection of sunken ships on Cades Reef), snorkeling, windsurfing, yachting and golf, event (carnival, Caribana folklore festival on the Barbuda island, surfing competitions and yachting regatta), cultural learning. (visit national park"Nelson's Dockyard" , plantations of the colonial period Betty "s Hope), ecological (national parks, bird sanctuary and caves in the Codrington lagoon on the island of Barbuda) and entertainment (casinos). More than 4 thousand offshore banks, trust, investment, insurance and other companies The main operators of the capital market are the East Caribbean Central Bank (1983) and the East Caribbean Stock Exchange (2001; both have head offices in Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis). leading commercial banks - Antigua and Barbuda Development Bank, Antigua and Barbuda Investment Bank, Antigua Commercial Bank, Bank of Antigua (all headquartered in St. John's), Royal Bank of Canada, Bank of Nova Scotia (both from Canada ), Royal Bank of Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad and Tobago) and FirstCaribbean International Bank (Barbados) West Indies Oil Company oil storage base in St. John's (on the territory of the former refinery, north of St. John's ).
Transport
The total length of highways is 1170 km (2011), including 386 km with hard surface. There is a deep sea in St. John's. port (handles mainly container cargo, accepts cruise ships). Int. W. Byrd airport in St. John's (1949, modern name since 1985; transportation is served by the airline "Leeward Islands Air Transport", LIAT), a small airport in Codrington (Barbuda island). A. and B. - the country of the so-called. cheap flag (introduced a preferential taxation regime and simplified registration). Merchant navy counts 1257 mors. ships (2010), of which 1215 are naval. ships of other countries (including 1094 - Germany).
International trade
The balance of foreign trade in goods is chronically deficient. Foreign trade turnover $ 369.6 million (2014), including exports $ 56.5 million, imports $ 313.1 million. commodity exports: petroleum products, textiles, dyes, furniture, electronic components, rum, seafood and handicrafts; imports: petroleum products, foodstuffs. goods, machinery and equipment, chemicals. goods. Leading trading partners include the UK, USA, France, Germany and the Caribbean.
Sport
The Olympic Committee A. and B was created in 1976, recognized by the IOC in 1980. Athletes A. and B. made their debut at the Olympic Games in Montreal (1976) and then performed at all subsequent ones (except 1980); Olympic awards have not been won. At the Pan American Games, athletes were awarded 1 gold, 1 silver and 3 bronze medals (as of 1.1.2016). The gold medal was won in 2007 by B. Christian in the 200 m race; his father D. Christian was a participant in the 1000m pursuit bicycle race at the Montreal Olympics. National Stadium at Seth Jones Antigua Regional Ground("Antigua Recreation Ground"; 1978; 12 thousand places). One of the most popular types sports - cricket; in 2007 in a purpose-built stadiumSir Vivian Richards("Sir Vivian Richards"), designed for 10 thousand seats, gathered up to 20 thousand spectators at the matches of the 9th Cricket World Cup.
Health care
Honey. service is carried out on the basis of budgetary medicine and compulsory honey. insurance. Main causes of death: cardiovascular diseases, cancer, infectious diseases. illness. Health care expenditures in 2001 amounted to 5.8% of GDP.
Education. Institutions of science and culture
Educational institutions are administered by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the Board of Education. The main regulatory document in the field of education is the Education Act (2008). The education system includes (2015): preschool education for children of 3-4 years of age, 7-year primary education, 5-year secondary (3-year incomplete and 2-year complete) education, vocational and higher education. Education for children aged 5 to 16 is compulsory and free. Preschool education covers 72.9% of children, primary education - 84.1%, secondary - 79.7%. The literacy rate of the population aged 15 and over is 98.95% (2013, data from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics). In higher education: International Institute of Technology (1997), University of Health Sciences (1982), American University of Antigua (2004), affiliate of the University of the West Indies. Library Association (1983). Museums: Betty's Hope (1990, history of a sugarcane plantation founded in the early 1650s), shipyard (1997, building 1855), Antigua and Barbuda at St. John's (founded 1985).
Among scientific institutions - Barbuda Research Complex (2013; Barbuda Research Complex), including: archaeological research center (2000), aquaponics center, children's interactive museum, etc .;branches: Caribbean Agricultural Research and Development Institute, International Livestock Research Institute.
Mass media
A. and B.'s leading print publication is The Daily Observer. Government publications - the weekly "The Nation's Voice" and the monthly "National Information." The Labor Party A. and B. publishes the newspaper "The Worker's Voice" twice a week. Expressions. ”There are 17 local and regional radio stations, the most important of which are ABS Radio, Crusader Radio, Observer Radio. Service "," The New Media Unit "and" The Government Information Service. "72% of residents of A. and B. have access to cable television. Internet penetration rate - 88.2% (2015).
Antigua can be safely called the heart of the Caribbean. Tourists from all over the world are attracted by the opportunities for a stunning beach holiday, because the weather here does not present any unpleasant surprises.
The trade wind tropical climate presupposes rather dry and warm weather throughout the year. Antigua is one of the smallest islands in the country, with an area of only 280 km². An ancient limestone plateau is located on most of the island, only to the southwest there is a more varied relief created by volcanic activity. The coastline has a very indented relief; it is strewn with small coves and bays. In some places of coastal waters, there are accumulations of coral reefs.
Coral island
The second largest and most important in the state is the island of Barbuda. The island is located just 40 kilometers from Antigua, and you can get to it from the capital by airplanes that carry out regular flights there and back. The coral island of Barbuda is low and flat in relief. On all sides, the island is surrounded by picturesque coral reefs that attract fans of underwater travel. None of the islands can boast of the presence of fresh rivers and lakes; drinking water is extracted exclusively from deep artesian wells. To meet the needs of the population for drinking water, desalination systems were installed on the islands in 1970.
More than 30 species of birds live in their natural environment on the island of Barbuda, most of them nest in the lagoon. The waters around the islands are full of all kinds of fish and crustaceans. To preserve the optimal ecological ecosystem around the coral reefs, special parks have been established where fishing and diving are prohibited.
City for tourists
On the island of Antigua there is a city that is the capital of the state - St. John's. More than 36 thousand people live in this city, which is the majority of the entire population of the state. It seems that the city was created especially for tourists. Local clubs and restaurants are quite remarkable; from a wide variety of such establishments, everyone can choose a cozy place to their liking. In the Redcliffe Rye area, you can see examples of native Caribbean architecture from the late 19th century. The destroyed buildings, mixed with the restored ones, create a unique flavor of this place, which is so beloved by tourists.
Many people, especially those who have visited the islands, associate the word "Caribbean" with a kind of paradise on earth. Plunging into the rustle of the surf, the serenity of the waters, soaking up the soft sand, you understand that it is so.
Antigua and Barbuda are the West Indian islands that are part of the Lesser Antilles archipelago.
Antigua and Barbuda is a paradise of nature surrounded by mighty mountains, the purest waters Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, endless coral reefs, unforgettable sunrises and sunsets, developed infrastructure and a total of 365 beaches for complete relaxation.
The islands are just over 440 square kilometers and have a local population of almost 87,000.
The capital of the state is located on the island of Antigua and is called St. John's.
Most Big city archipelago - St. John's. Here is great beach vacation, tasty food, beautiful nature, a variety of entertainment and a rich excursion program.
The island of Barbuda is no less exotic and a nice place, and recognized as one of the most beautiful on the planet. Barbuda has good conditions for divers and snorkelling enthusiasts.
The third uninhabited island of the archipelago, Redonda, is considered a national park and is preferred by yachtsmen.
There is no direct flight between Belarus and the archipelago.
The most the best option will - fly to London, and from there - a direct flight to the islands.
Frankfurt am Main or Vienna and New York, Warsaw and Toronto can also become connecting cities.
In any case, the flight will take almost 30 hours.
Antigua and Barbuda climate
The tropical trade wind climate prevails in Antigua and Barbuda.
All year on the islands average temperature air ranges from +26 to +32 degrees, but the intense heat is mitigated by winds constantly blowing from the ocean.
The rainy season is usually observed in the period August-September-December. And the period June - November is characterized by tropical hurricanes, stormy winds and heavy rains.
Beach holidays on the islands are most comfortable from the second half of December to the first half of April.
Antigua and Barbuda hotels
Antigua and Barbuda's residences are small, cozy hotels with approximately 200 rooms. The cost of living is usually "all inclusive". The level of such hotels usually corresponds to the usual 3 * - 5 * for us. Everywhere you will meet high level service, great view from the room to the ocean, balcony or terrace with a hammock - also right in the room, as well as on the territory of the hotel there can be a swimming pool with a wellness center.
There are practically no large hotels on the islands.
Antigua and Barbuda has 365 most beautiful sandy beaches... They all belong to the state and are free to enter.
Galli Bay is characterized by nudist beaches.
The entire coastal line of the islands offers excellent conditions for divers, snorkelers, surfers and fishermen.
Half Moon Bay is comfortable for families with children - the beach is located in a national park.
There are many historical sites on English Harbor.
Banks, money, exchange offices
The currency of Antigua and Barbuda is the East Caribbean dollar, which is equal to 100 cents. There are paper notes in denominations of 5,10,20,50,100 local dollars and coins in denominations of 1 local dollar, 1,2,5,10,25.50 cents in circulation. The US dollar also has free circulation on the territory of the country (the value of the goods is indicated in two currencies - local and American).
Banking hours:
On weekdays - from 8.00 to 13.00 and from 15.00 to 17.00
Some - on Saturdays - from 8.00 to 12.00
Currency exchange can be done at banks, hotels and large shops. The most profitable rate is at St. John's banks.
Pay with any credit cards can be almost everywhere, but the terms of conversion should be clarified (if the price is indicated in local dollars, and the card is in American dollars). Travel - checks (preferably in US dollars) can also be cashed almost everywhere.
Tips are accepted (if the service fee is not included in the total cost) in the amount of 10-15%, depending on the quality of service, for taxi drivers - 10%, for a porter - $ 0.5 for each suitcase.
Tourist safety
Antigua and Barbuda are practically safe for tourists to stay, but following simple rules will help to avoid any troubles.
It is forbidden to be topless on the beaches.
Drink only bottled water, and before the trip it will be useful to get vaccinated against hepatitis A and polio.
Transport
There is good air communication between the islands, but there is no railway as such.
The transportation of passengers to Antigua and Barbuda is carried out by buses and taxi cars.
Bus travel is relatively inexpensive, but this type of transport is not accessible to all settlements and some only run on Sundays.
The work of the taxi service is organized in a very civilized manner: the cost is calculated according to certain tariffs, which will be indicated in the check that will be given to you. Taxi drivers have undergone special training and can be part-time tour guides.
You can also rent a car on your own, with only one amendment - the movement here is left-hand.
Entertainment, excursions, attractions
The capital of the archipelago offers to alternate beach vacations with excursions, of which there are many - to historical sites, museums, attractions. In St. John, you can visit the local market where farmers offer their freshest produce, or go on a jeep tour, kayaking, or on a motorboat promenade. For those who wish there are golf courses.
The island of Barbuda is home to mysterious caves and rare bird species, as well as large fields for golf. Various festivals, carnivals and celebrations are regularly held on this island.
Along the coast you can take a walk on a pirate ship, fly by helicopter, swim with dolphins.
Cuisine and restaurants
All countries in the region have somehow left their mark on the culinary traditions of Antigua and Barbuda.
For Europeans, lobster, shellfish, shrimp and shells cooked in a certain way are exotic and preference. Unusual dishes include sunfish, flying fish and red snapper.
Make sure to sample the lamb and rabbit stew, as well as the local sweet potato with coconut and spices.
Coconut milk is often offered as a drink on the islands.
Shopping and shops
The archipelago has duty-free shops where you can buy jewelry (even the popular emeralds from Colombia), watches and other goods at a bargain.
The main souvenirs of the islands are ceramics, shell and coral decorations, and wooden crafts.
Customs
Large sums of money upon entry are subject to declaration, but their amount is not limited.
You can export the amounts within the limits entered in the declaration upon entry.
There are restrictions on the import of cigarettes and alcohol.
It is forbidden to import drugs and weapons to the islands, and to export items of artistic and historical value.
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