In chapter
On the eve of the anniversary of the deportation of the Crimean Tatars, the head of the Crimea, Sergei Aksyonov, handed out hundreds of keys to new apartments to the descendants of the exiles, as if once again compensating them for the moral costs of the hardships and suffering they had suffered. But how much can one “pay and repent” if back in Soviet times the country’s authorities paid for the deportation of the Crimean Tatars at least three times?
Exactly: Soviet Union three times compensated the deported Crimean Tatars for their material costs incurred as a result of resettlement in the republics Central Asia, as well as to Moscow (!), Samara, Guryev and Rybinsk. Only at the disposal of the Moskvougol trust, as follows from a telegram addressed to People's Commissar Lavrenty Beria dated May 20, 1944, 5 thousand "limiters" of Crimean Tatar nationality were sent. The resolution of the State Defense Committee No. 5859 dated May 11, 1944 stipulated that the settlers in the new place would be compensated “according to exchange receipts” for real estate, livestock, poultry and agricultural products received from them in the Crimea. All compensation was paid before March 1, 1946. At the same time, at the new place of residence, each family of migrants was provided with housing - an apartment in the city or a house in the countryside. In other words, the deportees were given money for housing left in Crimea and were immediately provided with new houses and apartments free of charge. But that's not all. In 1989, by decrees of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, as well as the Councils of Ministers of Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, the settlers were compensated for their material costs for the third time. For migrants arriving in Uzbekistan (the Crimean Tatars were not deported to Tajikistan, they moved there later and solely of their own free will), the Agricultural Bank provided interest-free loans for household equipment - 50 thousand rubles per family with installments up to 7 years. Also, each migrant was given 8 kilos of flour, 8 kilos of vegetables and 2 kilos of cereals every month free of charge. Recall that it was the summer of 1944, the war was still going on, and in many parts of the country there was hunger.
The cruelty of the Crimean Tatars surprised even the SS
Until now, scientists are arguing how many Crimean Tatars were deported from Crimea, although it seems that there is nothing to argue about - it is enough to study archival documents. In a telegram sent on May 20, 1944 to People's Commissar Lavrenty Beria by his deputy Bogdan Kobulov, these figures are given: 191,044 people were evicted. By the way, this document contains other very interesting figures. Today, there is a lot of talk about the repressions that Crimean Tatars were subjected to en masse, although one can hardly talk about mass character. For the entire "Crimean operation" of 1944, 5989 "anti-Soviet elements of the Crimean Tatar nationality" were arrested. Is this a lot, considering that only in the first two months of the occupation, 20 thousand Crimean Tatars took the oath of allegiance to the Fuhrer? At the same time, during the deportation, 10 mortars, 173 light machine guns, 2650 rifles, 192 machine guns and more than 46 thousand pieces of ammunition were confiscated from the deportees! In total, after the liberation of Crimea, 9888 rifles, 724 machine guns, 622 machine guns and 49 mortars were seized from the Tatars.
The Germans even issued a special circular forbidding Crimean Tatars serving in the SS to independently conduct interrogations
“In January 1942, Hitler issued an order to form the Crimean Tatar units of the SS under the leadership of Obergruppenführer Ohlendorf,” recalled the head of the Crimean partisan movement, writer Georgy Seversky. - Part of the volunteers - 10 thousand fighters - were enrolled in the Wehrmacht, another 5 thousand were accepted into the so-called reserve to replenish the formed combat units. In addition, the village elders gathered another 4,000 people into "detachments to combat partisans." For comparison: about 10 thousand Crimean Tatars went to serve in the Red Army, but most of them deserted from the 51st Army during the retreat from the Crimea.” And either 391 or 598 Crimean Tatars were partisans in Crimea - in fairness it should be noted that 12 of them were nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The Crimean Tatars served Hitler, as they say, to the conscience. The tragedy of the "Crimean Khatyn" - the Greek village of Laki is well known. On March 23, 1942, Crimean Tatar punishers burned alive several hundred inhabitants of this village, mostly Greeks and Armenians, most of whom were women, children and the elderly. “Partisans who managed to escape from captivity said that the Crimean Tatars, their guards, were distinguished by unheard-of cruelty,” Seversky recalled. “The Germans even issued a special circular forbidding the Crimean Tatars serving in the SS to conduct interrogations on their own, they knew how to torture so cruelly and subtly.” Meanwhile, Mustafa Dzhemilev, who fled to Kiev, insists: “There have never been traitors among the Crimean Tatars! We have nothing to repent of!” Whom to believe?
Why did the Crimean Tatars move to Tajikistan and not to the Crimea
It is generally accepted that the Tatars were allowed to return to Crimea by General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev - on November 14, 1989, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR adopted a declaration on the restoration of the rights of the deported peoples. For this, Gorbachev, who authorized this mass repatriation, is idolized by the Crimean Tatars. In fact, it was not the instigator of “perestroika” who allowed the repatriates to return. Back in 1956, a decree was prepared by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the restoration of the national autonomy of the Chechens, Ingush, Kalmyks and Karachays - in fact, these peoples were thereby rehabilitated. It was expected that the Crimean Tatars would be pardoned at the same time, but the then Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev initially crossed out the mention of them from the draft decree with his own hand.
Two people worked for the Crimean Tatars - Anastas Mikoyan and Leonid Brezhnev. And they eventually persuaded the Secretary General. So at the end of April 1956, a decree was issued “On lifting restrictions on special settlements from Crimean Tatars, Balkars, Turks - citizens of the USSR, Kurds, Hemshils and members of their families evicted during the Great Patriotic War.” From that moment on, Crimean Tatars were not forbidden to settle anywhere on the territory of the USSR, including in the Crimea. But for some reason, the settlers rushed to Tajikistan, and not to their small homeland. The reason for this was that the leadership of the republic especially favored the Crimean Tatars, providing migrants with a lot of special opportunities. By the way, this explains the fact that today in Crimea more than a third of doctors are Crimean Tatars by nationality. The fact is that in Soviet times there was an unspoken agreement between the Crimean Tatar diaspora and the leadership of Tajikistan that the quota of Crimean Tatars in the Republican Medical Institute would be 90%, while in the Ukrainian Soviet Crimea no one promised Crimean Tatars such preferences.
In general, the deportees were clearly not going to move en masse to Crimea, and the leadership of the USSR decided to encourage them to do so. In August 1965, a large group of Crimean Tatars - mostly communists and war veterans - were invited to the Kremlin. They were received by the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Anastas Mikoyan, formally the second person in the state after Brezhnev. “Why don’t you return to Crimea?” the Soviet leader asked. “We will return as soon as Moscow declares Crimea a Crimean Tatar national autonomy,” the head of the delegation, Riza Asanov, answered Mikoyan. In general, I found a scythe on a stone: it was ridiculous to turn the peninsula into national autonomy, given that even a tenth of its inhabitants would not have been from the Crimean Tatars. But the leaders of the Tatars rested: if there is no autonomy, there will be no mass return to Crimea. The result is known to all: repatriation was postponed until the end of the 80s.
Sergey MARKOV, political scientist, member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation:
– We have already recognized – at the highest state level – that the expulsion of the Crimean Tatar people was cruel and unfair. The country's leadership expressed its sympathy to all the innocent victims of this expulsion. However, the obvious fact must also be admitted that the reason for the expulsion was valid. The Crimean Tatar SS units committed monstrous atrocities. They killed the elderly, and children, and women. They were killed so brutally that the Germans complained about their atrocities to Berlin. Were the conditions of deportation more cruel than the actions of the Crimean Tatar punishers?
This is a tragedy that is inflated not more honestly at the hands of politics for the sake of PR. Today, the number of historical hoaxes associated with the "Stalinist expulsion of peoples" is only growing and the Crimean Tatars are already calling it a "planned genocide", it will not be superfluous to look into this issue.
On May 11, 1944, shortly after the liberation of Crimea, I. V. Stalin signed the Decree of the USSR State Defense Committee No. GOKO-5859 dated May 11, 1944 on the eviction of all Crimean Tatars from the territory of Crimea. The deportation was justified by the facts of the participation of this people in collaborationist formations that acted on the side of Nazi Germany during the Great Patriotic War. The fact that Greeks, Bulgarians, and Germans were forcibly evicted from Crimea, the “most affected” nation at the hands of Stalin, prefers to tactfully keep silent.
Despite the fact that on November 15, 1989, the deportation of the Crimean Tatars and other peoples was condemned and recognized as illegal and criminal by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Crimean Tatars still feel like the most affected party and demand special treatment in the form of benefits, payments, land, etc. .d.
As a rule, the Tatars tell about how the deportation took place from the words of their grandfathers, great-grandfathers, or participants in the events, who at that time were 5-7 years old at the most, tell about it. What can you remember at this age? The child's psyche is very plastic and tries to erase everything bad from memory. Most likely, the terrible "memories" were implanted by the older generation.
At the same time, the stories are replete with details about how the people lived well on the peninsula before the deportation, everything turned green and bloomed, families lived in abundance. Is it worth reminding that there was a war in the USSR at that time and people gave their last for the front and for victory, sometimes denying themselves food?
Another point is the freight wagons into which the Crimean Tatars were loaded. Excuse me, at that time it was such that travel in compartment cars was not envisaged. Again, it is worth recalling that there was a war. The soldiers also rode in exactly the same freight wagons, but no one was very indignant.
The stories that the "indigenous inhabitants of the peninsula" left their inhabited places with nothing do not correspond to reality.
According to GKO Decree No. 5859-ss, Crimean Tatars were allowed to take with them “personal belongings, clothes, household equipment, utensils and food” in the amount of 1/2 ton per family. 250 trucks were allocated to transport such a large amount of personal belongings and products. If the family had food for more than 1/2 ton, then it was possible to hand over “grain, vegetables and other types of agricultural products” according to the inventory, as well as personal livestock. This property was accepted by employees of the People's Commissariat for Meat and Milk Industry, the People's Commissariat of Agriculture, the People's Commissariat of Agriculture and the People's Commissariat for State Farming of the USSR according to "exchange receipts", where it was valued in monetary terms at state rates, then at the place of arrival the displaced families were given the same property or at the same state rates for a given amount of money it was possible to receive " flour, cereals and vegetables.
Today, the descendants of the repressed people say that their great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers in the steppes of Uzbekistan had to pick out grains of wheat from manure in order to feed their children. Of course, for us, with the ability to go to a store or cafe at any time of the day, when almost any goods are within walking distance, such statements sound wild. But in those years, it is unlikely that other residents of the USSR lived better. In the morning, baskets of fresh fruit and croissants were not delivered to every family. People survived in the same way, eating wormwood bread and roots. In addition, they needed to raise houses, streets, cities from the ruins ...
You can often hear from descendants that the deported Crimean Tatars, having settled in the place, having survived hunger, need, etc. they could not get a normal high-paying job, they were simply not hired for such positions.
At the same time, some discrepancies arise, in every second story about the hardships and hardships of the Crimean Tatar people, one can hear that families in Uzbekistan still lived in abundance, but when they arrived in their homeland - in Crimea, they had to survive.
“In Samarkand we lived in abundance, in good location. And when they arrived in Crimea, money for good house was not enough. We lived for a long time in poor conditions, in an unsettled village.” - says Linara /
Returning to the Crimea, the Crimean Tatars took up land squatting. " My brother took a plot in an open field, where there were not even roads. No one allocated this land - it was self-capture. Only the returning Crimean Tatars simply took and divided the field of eight acres among themselves, - says the husband of Linara Osman.
Now the Tatar self-captures have surrounded Simferopol and all the main resort towns. Not a single hectare has yet been liberated, on the contrary, the descendants of the Golden Horde hope for compensation for the property lost by their relatives back in 1944.
At the same time, resentment against the authorities among the Crimean Tatars continues to be cultivated, despite all the attempts of the Crimean authorities to make concessions and help the people, discontent among them is growing every day. The Crimean Tatar community, at every opportunity and inconvenience, very resolutely exposes itself as a victim of the Stalinist regime, demanding special treatment and additional payments. Such unwillingness to conduct a constructive dialogue, alas, leads to a dead end path of development.
https://cont.ws/@lapsha71/619555
And such a selective memory exists only for the Crimean Tatars. Because no one in Russia, during the laying of flowers at the Eternal Flame, says that one must remember not only the exploits of Russian soldiers, but also Andrey Vlasov and ROA, O 15th SS Cossack Cavalry Corps and 29th Grenadier Division. Moreover, all the peoples of the Union are perceived only as winners, and only the Crimean Tatars are offered to go through face-control through public repentance for access to this holiday.
The Crimean Tatars were the only exception to the Soviet war myth. An unspoken principle applies to other peoples: feat and heroism are declared a collective norm, and betrayal and collaborationism are individual deviations. And with regard to the Crimean Tatars, everything turned out the other way around: their heroes are declared exceptions to the rule, and those who fought on the side of the Wehrmacht are declared the rule. Moreover, the thesis that the "percentage of traitors" among the Crimean Tatars turned out to be higher than among other peoples sounds like a refrain. But everyone in Russia who compares the number of Russian and Crimean Tatars who fought on different front lines forgets one simple thing: collaborationism is possible only in the occupied territory. There could be neither policemen nor volunteer security battalions in Tomsk or Vladivostok - the Germans did not reach there, which means that local population did not face such a choice. Therefore, those who like to calculate the "betrayal coefficient" should take as a basis the number of people who lived in the territory occupied by the Wehrmacht. And this will give completely different proportions.
But to prove all this to the supporters of the "Russian world" is absolutely pointless. Because it is the tragedy of the deportation that prevents the adherents of the Kremlin from feeling the victory in the war as an unconditional holiday. Because it is she who crosses out all the pathos: it turns out that the liberation of the peninsula from the Germans did not become a triumph of justice. That liberation was followed by tragedy. That Good, having defeated Evil, itself committed a crime. And either it must be admitted that it was not entirely Good, or it must be declared that it did not commit an entirely evil deed. And the second option sounds simpler and more attractive.
Because then you won't have to apologize to anyone. There will be no need to question the chronology of events, religious in its simplicity. You don't have to reflect on the wisdom of command and party leadership. The ground on which the "Soviet man" prefers to look at the past, present and future will not leave from under his feet.
Why Crimean Tatars were deported from Crimea
Why were Crimean Tatars expelled from Crimea? A fragment of the TV show channel TVC "Moment of Truth". Mikhail Poltoranin, who headed the state commission for declassifying the archives of the KGB of the USSR, tells. Even before the emergence of Israel, American Jews represented by Agro-Joint wanted to create a Jewish state in Crimea, allocating huge loans from the RSFSR in the early 1920s, on the security of Crimean land, but the unrest of the Crimean Tatars and Stalin's decision prevented this. True, the Crimean Tatars were nevertheless evicted at the request of Roosevelt, who lobbied for the creation of a Jewish Crimea as a backup project, but the reorientation of Israel to the West forced Stalin, who stood at the origins of the creation of a Middle Eastern Jewish state, to refuse Roosevelt. Khrushchev in 1953 finally closed this issue by transferring the Crimea to the Ukrainian SSR. - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5tcgy6ZP7Q
Khaitarma is a folk dance of the Crimean Tatars, a symbol of the eternal movement of life ... On the way and in places of exile in the first years, 109,956 people died of hunger and disease / 46.2% of the total population / which is 4 times higher than the losses of the Crimean Tatar people for military period. More than 30,000 Crimean Tatars participated in the Great Patriotic War… Seven were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, Guard Major Amet Khan Sultan twice Hero of the Soviet Union…
Second World War cost the Crimean Tatar people a very high price. About 60 thousand Crimean Tatars participated in this war, of which more than 36 thousand died (more than every second). In addition, 17 thousand boys and girls were active in the partisan movement, 7 thousand participated in the underground. More than 20 thousand Crimean Tatars were forcibly driven away by the Nazis to Germany. Burned houses and wiped off the face of the earth 127 Crimean Tatar villages and villages.
At one time, the Crimean Tatars in their “Statement-1984” addressed to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU wrote that the entire Crimean Tatar people from the very first days of the attack by Nazi Germany, at the call of the party, along with other peoples of the USSR, stood up to defend their homeland. Tens of thousands of sons and daughters of the Crimean Tatar people with weapons in their hands defended the honor and independence of their homeland. Thousands of warriors - Crimean Tatars were awarded the highest awards of the Motherland. Today the names of the Heroes of the Soviet Union and the full cavaliers of the Orders of Glory are known. For massive resistance behind enemy lines, 12 thousand Crimean Tatars were destroyed by fascist punitive detachments. On all fronts of the Patriotic War, the Crimean Tatars showed examples of heroism and stamina.
A glorious son, the pride of the Crimean Tatar people, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, laureate of the State Prize, famous Soviet ace, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR Ametkhan Sultan showed miracles of flying skills, fearlessness and heroism in the Great Patriotic War. He proved his boundless loyalty to his homeland and people.
Now a number of events dedicated to the Hero of the Soviet Union Abdul Teifuk are being held in Crimea. This is a native of Partenit, who showed incredible heroism while crossing the Dnieper, did not allow the Nazis to bomb the Soviet troops who were crossing the river, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Uzeir Abduramanov, Fetislyam Abilov, Abduraim Reshidov, Seitnafe Seitveliev, Abdul Teifuk, Seitibraim Musaev were also recognized as Heroes of the Soviet Union, Seit-Nebi Abduramanov and Nasibulla Velilyaev became full holders of the Orders of Glory.
The poets and writers of the Crimean Tatar people did not remain indifferent. They showed miracles of heroism and courage, both on the fronts and behind enemy lines. Having changed their feathers for machine guns, the Crimean Tatar writers and poets defended their homeland and people. Of the 15 poets and writers who participated in the war, 12 died. First of all, this is the poet Khalil Dzhemilevich Kadyrov, known under the pseudonym Yrgat Kadyr. Yrgat Kadyr was at the front from the very first day of the war. Was wounded four times. Was repeatedly awarded. In 1945 he fought in East Prussia. On January 24, 1945, Senior Lieutenant Yrgat Kadyr was seriously wounded. Yrgat Kadyr died on January 26, 1945 in the hospital. He was buried in a mass grave near the village of Popendorf in East Prussia. The wife and son of Yrgat Kadyr live in Moscow.
The poet Amdi Alim also died at the front. Starting from 1927, Alim's patriotic works began to appear in print. Just before the start of the war, a collection of Alim's poems was published under the title "Report". But Amdi Alim is better known as a poet-translator. He translated Shakespeare's Othello, Nikolai Ostrovsky's How the Steel Was Tempered, Shota Rustaveli's The Knight in the Panther's Skin and many other works into Crimean Tatar.
The poet Osman Amit also died at the front. He, like Amdi Alim, introduced the Crimean Tatar people to the works of Russian and Ukrainian classics, translated the works of Pushkin, Krylov, Lermontov, Shevchenko into the Crimean Tatar language. In 1939 he was drafted into the Red Army. From the very beginning of the war he was at the front. Killed in 1942.
The memory of the Crimean Tatar people also keeps the name of Maksud Suleiman, a graduate of the Simferopol Pedagogical Institute. Before the war, two collections of Suleiman's poems were published. He worked as an executive secretary of the magazine "Soviet edebiyat" ("Soviet Literature"). At the front he was seriously wounded. He died after severe pain in the hospital.
During the defense of Sevastopol in 1942, the writer Mamut Dibag died. The poet Azam Amet, who fought at the front in the rank of officer since 1941, also died for his homeland.
At the age of 26, the poet and artist Mennan Reshitov died during the defense of Sevastopol. In 1938 he was drafted into the Black Sea Fleet. He served in Sevastopol as a political worker. From the very first minutes of the war he defended Sevastopol. He had 17 military awards. In 1942, Moscow radio broadcast about the department of the political worker Reshitov, about his heroic struggle against the Nazis in Sevastopol. But for some reason, the same Moscow radio is silent about the poet - the defender of Sevastopol Mennan Reshitov (Jamanakly).
And the poet Bekir Vaap was destined to reach Berlin and die there. In 1942, in the prime of his creative powers, the writer and teacher Ablyai Shamil Chongarly was brutally murdered by the Nazis. Died at the front, in 1942, teacher and poet Tahir Usein, poet and platoon commander. In the very first days of the war, the writer and artist Ennan Alimov died defending the Crimea. In 1943, the writer and journalist Osman Batyrov was shot in the Crimea. Once behind enemy lines, Batyrov joined the underground struggle against the invaders, for which he was shot by the Nazis on November 6, 1943.
The Crimean Tatars fought against Nazi Germany not only on the fronts of World War II, but also took an active part in the partisan movement against the invaders. Three partisan formations operated in the Crimea: Southern, Northern and Eastern. And each connection consisted of brigades: Southern and Eastern of two, Northern - of three. Of the three partisan formations in two, the Crimean Tatars were commissars. The Crimean Tatars were also commissars in two brigades out of seven and in ten detachments out of 28. The largest in composition was the Southern Union - Mustafa Selimov was the commissar. The commissioner of the Eastern Union was Refat Mustafayev.
The Crimean Tatars in their Appeal to the XXIII Congress of the CPSU wrote: “Only in one Southern unit of partisan detachments of Crimea, which included 2,300 fighters, about 30 percent were Crimean Tatars. Both the entire partisan movement of Crimea and all our people are well aware of the names of the commissars of the partisan formations Mustafa Selimov, Refat Mustafaev; the immortal deeds of the heroically deceased commander Memet Appazov; the exploits of Commissar Memet Molochnikov are known; The brave commander and combat intelligence officer of the partisans Ashirov glorified himself forever; intelligence officers Smail Veliyev, Ibraim Ametov, Bekir Osmanov are known throughout the Crimea, for whose heads the German command promised huge sums of money; scouts Mukhteremov, Mazinov and many others became famous for military deeds. There were many of them - wonderful partisans, whose military deeds arouse pride and admiration, serve as a vivid example of courage, heroism and loyalty ... "
It should be noted that, according to the composition, the population of nine villages of Crimea was 11,647 people, of which 2,558 were men of military age. Of these nine villages, 1,830 people were drafted into the army and fought on the fronts, and 382 people fought in partisan detachments and 129 people fought underground. Thus, these studies show that all able-bodied Crimean Tatars actively fought against fascism.
Separately, it should be said about the women - Crimean Tatars, who fought against the Nazis both on the fronts of the Second World War, and in the partisans and in the underground. Only on mobilization at the fronts 1820 women fought, in the partisans their number was 1797 people, in the underground - 1774 women. As a rule, these were doctors, nurses, signalmen, intelligence officers, underground workers. Crimean Tatars will remember about such glorious daughters of the Crimean Tatar people as the 19-year-old intelligence officer of the Separate Primorsky Army Alima Abdennanova, who was brutally tortured by the Nazis, about the underground workers Naima Veliyeva, Hatidzha Chapchakchi, Abiba Asanova, Gulzada Sofa and many others who died in the dungeons of the Gestapo, the Crimean Tatars will remember always.
Crimean Tatar women fought against the invaders not only in Crimea, but also on all fronts of the Second World War: 19-year-old Khalise Umerova voluntarily, from the very first days of the war, went to the front as a nurse. In Sevastopol, Umerova was seriously wounded and was on the list of the dead. Umerova's Komsomol ticket, pierced by a bullet, is in a museum in Sevastopol. However, she defeated death, after the hospital she again went to the front. And she ended her fighting path at the walls of the Reichstag.
Even more tragic was the fate of Zeynep Ibragimova, also from Sevastopol. Zeynep, having escorted her husband to the front, leaving her little daughter with her relatives, went to serve in the navy. 250 days participated in the defense of Sevastopol. She served on the Elbrus ship. The team called Zeynep not by name, but called Chernomorochka. In early 1944, Zeynep Ibragimova received a notice of her husband's death. In May 1944, Ibragimova took part in the liberation of Sevastopol on the same Elbrus ship. Zeynep Ibragimova was awarded many medals of the Patriotic War.
A few words about the major of medicine Suvada Kuyumdzhi. From the very first days of the war, Suwade Kuyumdzhi, together with her husband (also a doctor), was mobilized to the front. Suvade Kuyumdzhi began her journey from Odessa, participated in the Kerch landing, in the Battle of Stalingrad. For the heroism shown in the battles near Stalingrad, she, along with other soldiers, was summoned to Moscow. And personally Kalinin then pinned the Order of the Red Star on Suvada's chest. Participated in the liberation of Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Germany, and on May 9 was in Berlin. Demobilized Suwade Kuyumji from the army in 1947.
Mayra Akhaeva and Zera Ametova were taken to Germany as labor force. Those deported to Germany, like prisoners of war, were kept in camps. They managed to escape from the camp with a small group. So they got to the partisans of Yugoslavia. Victory Day May 9 girls celebrated in Belgrade.
Such was the fate of many Tatar women - participants in the war. Many female warriors to this day do not know about the fate of their children, fathers and mothers. They don't even know where their graves are.
In addition, the facts at the disposal of the Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks indicate that the Tatar population of many villages not only sympathized with the partisans, but actively helped them. And the landing units that arrived in Sudak in January 1942 were fully supplied with food by the surrounding Tatar villages of this region. Seleznev's detachment stood for 4 months near the village of Beshui and was supplied with food.
I will also give one example of the heroism shown by the Crimean Tatar in Poland. With his daring raids on the invaders, the legendary commander of the Soviet partisan detachment named after. Kotovsky, a Red Army soldier, a Crimean Tatar from Yalta entered Polish historiography under the name of "Lieutenant Atamanov" ("Mishka's pseudonym is Tatar"). For his head, the Gestapo set a reward of one hundred thousand zlotys. He died on June 1, 1943 in the battle for the liberation of the forest town of Yuzefuw Bilgoraisky from punishers. Grateful for their salvation, the townspeople named the street after him, and erected a monument at the place of his death. It was Umer Adamanov, who was posthumously awarded Poland's highest award, the Order of the Cross of Grunwald.
Summing up, it should be noted that there were distortions of information. It has been proven to be the other way around.
Remzi ILYASOV, Chairman of the Permanent Commission of the Verkhovna Rada of the ARC on Interethnic Relations and Problems of Deported Citizens, Deputy Chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People.
Well done Tatars, heroically fought the enemy during the Second World War!
And now, I hope, none of them opposes Russia, no one meets with representatives of the State Department of Pindosia, no one calls for a naval blockade of Crimea!
May 30th, 2015 01:17 am
The Soviet leadership did this because, in the context of the continuation of the war on its territory, I.V. Stalin did not consider it necessary and possible to persecute and destroy thousands of Tatar "renegades"; chase them through the mountains and forests; to catch and deal with everyone, losing their people, dooming them to new suffering local residents, spending resources, time, efforts on a tedious, exhausting struggle for the country, which could drag on for many years. The decision was made differently. It did not provide for deportation, which would mean expulsion from the USSR, but forcible resettlement of Tatars to those areas where their adaptation would take place as quickly and sparingly as possible, without provoking new religious and national strife, and at the same time would not threaten the security of the country.
In fact, this resettlement in Crimea removed the inevitable clash between the Tatars and the rest of the Crimeans (including those returning home from the front), whose loved ones were destroyed by them during the occupation. How serious this was, we can judge from the events of 1943-1944 in southeastern Poland and Western Ukraine (Polesie, Kholmshchyna, Eastern Galicia), where, according to some sources, about 100 thousand people on both sides died in clashes between Ukrainians and Poles, and hundreds of villages and villages were burned. Then, in order to avoid further bloodshed, the governments of Poland and the Soviet Union carried out an “exchange” of the population, during which 810 thousand Poles were resettled in Poland and 483 thousand Ukrainians in the Ukrainian SSR, as well as about 40 thousand Czechs and Slovaks in Czechoslovakia. So the Tatars were actually saved from physical extermination and given the opportunity to atone for their guilt if possible.
In pursuance of this, on May 11, 1944, the State Defense Committee adopted a resolution "On the Crimean Tatars", which announced the decision on their resettlement in Central Asia. In particular, it said: “During the Patriotic War, many Crimean Tatars betrayed their homeland, deserted from the Red Army units defending the Crimea, and went over to the side of the enemy, joining the volunteer Tatar military units formed by the Germans, who fought against the Red Army; during the occupation of the Crimea by the Nazi troops, participating in the German punitive detachments, the Crimean Tatars especially distinguished themselves by their brutal reprisals against the Soviet partisans ... ". To what extent this corresponds to reality, everyone can now judge for himself.
In addition to defining the general task, the State Defense Committee outlined the procedure and conditions for resettlement in detail. In accordance with this, “special settlers were allowed to take with them personal belongings, clothes, household equipment, utensils, food in the amount of up to 500 kg per family.” The rest of the property was described with the preparation of an appropriate document (the so-called "exchange receipts") for subsequent compensation. For each echelon, a doctor and nurses were allocated “with an appropriate supply of medicines for the medical and sanitary care of special settlers on the way. To provide people with hot meals and boiling water on the way, it was necessary to allocate food ... at the rate of the daily norm for 1 person: bread 500 g, meat and fish 70 g, cereals 60 g, fats 10 g. In places of resettlement, it was allowed to issue a loan in the amount of up to 5,000 rubles per family for housing construction and housekeeping with an installment plan of 7 years. Immediately upon arrival, adult special settlers were provided with work in state farms and on industrial enterprises. In addition, during June-August 1944, everyone received food assistance (the norm per month per person: flour and vegetables - 8 kg each, cereals - 2 kg).
It is worth noting that “not all Crimean Tatars were subjected to forced eviction ... Members of the Crimean underground, Crimean Tatars operating behind enemy lines in the interests of the Red Army and members of their families were exempted from the“ resettlement status ”. Often, requests to return to the Crimea and the front-line Tatars were granted. Tatar women who married Russians were not evicted either. Proposals for this were set out in a Report addressed to the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR L.P. Beria dated August 1, 1944, signed by V. Chernyshov and M. Kuznetsov.
Upon completion of the resettlement, in a telegram to I.V. Stalin People's Commissar of Internal Affairs L.P. Beria reported that “all Tatars arrived at the places of resettlement and settled in the regions of the Uzbek SSR - 151604 people, in the regions of the RSFSR - 31551 people. In a telegram from the people's commissar of internal affairs of the Uzbek SSR, Babzhanov, addressed to Beria, it was reported that 191 people died along the way of trains with Tatars to Uzbekistan.
Was this decision out of the ordinary? Hardly. This is evidenced by the already mentioned "exchange" of citizens between Poland and the USSR in 1944, as well as the "Vistula" operation carried out in Poland in April-August 1947 after a series of terrorist acts carried out by UPA fighters (Bandera) on its territory. As a result of this operation, local Ukrainians living in the southeastern part of Poland (Western Galicia, the so-called Kholmshchyna and Podlasie) were resettled in the Vistula regions, where the Germans had previously lived. In addition, 14 million Germans were deported to Germany from the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland in 1945-1949. And this expulsion took place in such monstrous conditions that two million Germans died, including the elderly, women, children, in the "death marches" when they were driven in columns to Germany.
Now representatives of the Crimean Tatars say that up to 46% of them died on the way and in the first months after the resettlement. As if they were not in warm Central Asia, but in a fierce winter in besieged Leningrad. As if they had to live in the winter cold in dilapidated unheated houses, receiving the so-called eighth. "bread" (125 g) per day. Of course, the conditions in which the Crimean Tatars found themselves were difficult. At first, there was nowhere to live. We had to build temporary houses first, and only then permanent housing. The tragedy of the situation of the Tatars was aggravated by the loss of their homeland, the internal state of the "exodus", exile. But otherwise, their living conditions were no worse than the situation of those millions of Soviet people who, at the beginning of the war, after evacuation, found themselves beyond the Urals without housing, and upon returning to their native villages and cities after the war were forced to completely restore them.
Trite, but everything is known in comparison. And we need to compare the situation of the Tatars not with today, but with what could be seen throughout the country during and immediately after the war. However, there is an example from the 1990s: refugees from Chechnya who lived in tents for more than one year. It is very difficult to live in such conditions, but we have not observed any data on the mass death of people in refugee camps. They did not observe it, because such a percentage of mortality, which the representatives of the Crimean Tatars call, is possible only in the event of organized physical extermination of people or a mass epidemic.
So, let's think: who suffered more in this war? Who had it harder? Who suffered more tragedy and gave more lives? And then we will have to admit that the description of the conditions for the resettlement of the Crimean Tatars, certainly harsh, can hardly be compared with the hardships experienced by the Soviet people, who were forced to evacuate beyond the Urals in 1941, fleeing from the rapidly advancing German troops. Then all their property fit in one or two suitcases or several duffel bags. The echelons leaving to the east were constantly bombed. Water, food and fuel were sorely lacking. And then there were difficult everyday life of the rear. I had to live and work, both in the rain and in severe frost, in unheated rooms, or simply in tents, where the machines and equipment of the factories evacuated to the rear stood. Work, producing products for the front, for adults and children, seven days a week, 12 hours a day. To work despite hunger, chronic sleep deprivation and the cold that fettered my hands. And people not only survived, but also won. They won because they believed in their country and, in spite of everything, remained people, not allowing hatred to spill out onto other peoples.
The socio-political structure of the Soviet Union, which, according to S.G. Kara-Murza “a system with negative feedback in relation to conflicts…”, where “when the contradiction aggravated, economic, ideological and even repressive mechanisms automatically turned on, which resolved or suppressed the conflict, “calming down” the system” and not allowing one peoples to exterminate others.
Can the policy of resettlement of the Crimean Tatars be considered genocide after this, if in reality genocide means a course towards the destruction of the people, towards a systematic reduction in their numbers and social degradation? Can the actions of the authorities be considered genocide if they were based on the most sparing option for the participants in the war to resolve an extremely tense problem? Apparently not. But now everything looks different. And the “miraculously surviving people”, returning to their homeland to establish their life here, considers the forced eviction from Crimea as a historical insult that gave advantages not to the “true owners of Crimea” - the Crimean Tatars, but to its “tenants”, as the Crimean Tatars often call the Russian Crimean population.
Something in this story was forgotten, something was not so remembered. Once again history is used as an argument in today's struggle for power, territory and resources. In it, the Soviet Union continues to look like an "evil empire", and the violence used by the Soviet government is initially "criminal even in the most critical periods when government agencies were forced to solve urgent and emergency tasks in order to save many lives of citizens." Why are these arguments not accepted by many citizens of Ukraine and Russia even now? Apparently, this is due to the dominance of certain mythologies, the purpose of the emergence and functioning of which has not yet been completed.
So, even on the example of only one episode Great War It is clear that the history of the 20th century has not yet been written, since many questions turned out to be much more complicated than it seemed earlier by official historiography. And one of the most interesting and topical issues of this period concerns understanding the role of the “Muslim legions” of the Crimean Tatars in the Great Patriotic War, as well as the policy of the Soviet government during the Great War, in the context of both the logic of the System itself and the logic of war. Its modern analysis, in particular, shows how simplified and one-sided, and, therefore, extremely mythologized, the presentation of information during the period of “perestroika”, which went down in history under the slogans of demythologization and a return to historical truth, was. Then it was not very clear what was behind all this, and who was behind it. The secret springs of these processes had not yet emerged, the mechanism of their deployment was not entirely clear. But manifested in all their might in the last decade of the twentieth century after the US victory in " cold war» the contours of globalization force us to perceive these processes as a small but very important component of the new Big Games. A game in which peoples will again be the object of politics and a means, and their historical grievances will be used in the struggle for world resources to separate them, weaken them as much as possible and submit to new winners who expect that this will always be the case.
Bibliographic list
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Link
See: Chikin A.M. Achilles' heel. No. 3.
Khrienko P. Tatars of Crimea: three problems of the repatriation paradigm.
See: Sumlenny S. Banished and killed [Electronic mode] / S. Sumlenny. – Access mode: http://expert.ru/expert/2008/30/izgnany_i_ubity/
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See: Senchenko N.I. An extermination society is a strategic perspective of "democratic reforms". K: MAUP, 2004. 224 p.
See: Panarin A.S. A people without an elite. M.: Algorithm Publishing House, Eksmo Publishing House, 2006. S. 255-256.
A protracted return // Glory of Sevastopol, 1991. July 18.
Kara-Murza S. G. Anti-Soviet project. S. 215.
See: Panarin A.S. A people without an elite. pp. 260-276.
For complicity with the Nazis, they could generally be shot.
May 18 marked the 65th anniversary of the resettlement of Tatars from the territory of Crimea after accusing them of mass desertion and collaboration with the Nazis. Specialist-
the operation took two days and ended by the evening of May 20, 1944. 180 thousand people with all their belongings were taken out of the Crimea and settled in Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The Crimean Tatars were rehabilitated and allowed to return to their homeland only in 1989. Since then, the Crimea has become feverish again, and the descendants of the traitors are demanding more and more compensation for the damage caused to them by the "bloody Stalinist regime." Oh sad famous fact of our history, we are talking with academician, doctor of historical sciences Andrey GONCHAROV.
- Andrei Pavlovich, this year marks the 65th anniversary of the so-called Stalinist deportation of the Crimean Tatars and other peoples. What do you think prompted the leadership of the USSR to take this step in 1944?
- I'm already tired of proving that these were completely logical and fair actions in relation to traitors to the Motherland and fascist henchmen. At the same time, the humanism of the Soviet government in relation to the bandits who faithfully served the Fuhrer should be noted.
According to the laws of wartime, according to Article 193-22 of the then Criminal Code of the RSFSR, our command had every right to shoot, of course, not the entire people, but the entire male population of the so-called Crimean Tatars for desertion and treason!
- Well, that's too much!
- The facts show that practically the entire Crimean Tatar population of military age came out on the side of Nazi Germany. As soon as the front approached the Crimea, the vast majority of the population began to go over to the side of the enemy.
There are amazing, vividly commenting on those events data. So, in the purely Crimean Tatar village of Koush, 130 people were drafted into the Red Army, of which 122 returned home after the arrival of the Germans. In the village of Beshui
98 called back 92 people. A perfect example of "patriotism", isn't it? So what are you going to do with them?
Crimean Tatars - sworn brothers of the German people
And what were the goals of the Tatar population of Crimea? It’s not just that they suddenly became traitors to the Motherland, and even at such a terrible hour for the country.
- This is clearly stated in one document of those years.
In May 1943, one of the oldest Crimean Tatar nationalists Amet Ozenbashly drafted a memorandum addressed to Hitler, in which he outlined the following program of cooperation between Germany and the Crimean Tatars:
1. Creation of the Tatar state in the Crimea under the protectorate of Germany. 2. Creation on the basis of battalions of "noise" and other police units of the Tatar national army. 3. Return to Crimea of all Tatars from Turkey, Bulgaria and other states; “cleansing” of Crimea from other nationalities. 4. Arming the entire Tatar population, including the very old, until the final victory over the Bolsheviks. 5. Guardianship of Germany over the Tatar state until it can "stand on its feet."
I hope everything is clear? Noise Battalions are auxiliary police formations.
Here are some more excerpts from one documentary to complete the picture - congratulations from the members of the Simferopol Muslim Committee to Hitler on his birthday on April 20
1942:
“To the liberator of the oppressed peoples, to the faithful son of the German people, Adolf Hitler.
... On the day of your glorious anniversary, we send you our heartfelt greetings and wishes, we wish you many years of fruitful life for the joy of your people, to us, Crimean Muslims and Muslims of the East.”
Similar glorifications of the fascist monsters are repeated in abundance in the then national media. For example, Azat Krym (Free Crimea), which was published from January 11, 1942 until the very end of the occupation, wrote on March 20, 1943:
“To the great Hitler - the liberator of all peoples and religions - we Tatars give our word to fight the herd of Jews and Bolsheviks together with the German soldiers in the same ranks! God bless you, our great Herr Hitler!"
- Andrey Pavlovich, but this is pure water treason to the motherland?
- Certainly. And what began after the occupation of the Crimea by the Germans does not lend itself to common sense at all! The Tatar-Crimean traitors, organized by the Nazis into numerous detachments, are conducting a real hunt for partisans. They destroy their bases, track down and crack down on the underground, hunt for Jews and hand over to the SS authorities. Here is what the field marshal writes Erich von Manstein: “The majority of the Tatar population of Crimea was very friendly towards us. We even managed to form armed self-defense companies from the Tatars, the task of which was to protect their villages from attacks by partisans hiding in the Yaila mountains. The reason why a powerful partisan movement unfolded in Crimea from the very beginning, which gave us a lot of trouble, was that among the population of Crimea, in addition to Tatars and other small national groups, there were still many Russians.
One can cite thousands of examples of the atrocities of the Crimean Tatars. And sometimes even the Germans and Italians, who seized the Crimea, were forced to slow down their exorbitant, even for the Nazis, cruelty. Crimeans captured and burned alive Soviet paratroopers and partisans. There are documents confirming these facts. So, in the Sudak region in 1942, a reconnaissance landing force of the Red Army was liquidated by the Tatar self-defense group, while 12 Soviet paratroopers were caught and burned alive by the self-defenders.
On February 4, 1943, Crimean Tatar volunteers from the villages of Beshui and Koush captured four partisans from the detachment Mukovnina. The partisans were stabbed with bayonets, laid on fires and burned. The corpse of a Kazan Tatar was especially disfigured Kiyamova, whom the punishers apparently mistook for their fellow countryman. That is, a traitor in their fight against the Red Army.
Here is a quote from the memorandum of the deputy head of the special department of the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement Popova dated July 25, 1942:
“Participants of the partisan movement in the Crimea were living witnesses of the massacres of the Tatar volunteers and their owners over the captured sick and wounded partisans (murders, burning of the sick and wounded). In a number of cases, the Tatars were more merciless and more professional than the fascist executioners.
The tactic of demining roads is well known, when, under Crimean Tatar supervision, a crowd of prisoners was forced to comb minefields. Can you imagine this horror?
- Did the Crimean Tatars themselves participate in the partisan struggle?
- Just don't laugh: on June 1, 1943, a partisan underground consisting of 262 people, including six Crimean Tatars, operated in the Crimea.
There is not much to add here. Oh yes, here's an amazing fact. After the defeat of the 6th german army Paulus near Stalingrad, the Feodosia Muslim Committee collected one million rubles from the Tatars to help the German army. Well, like ordinary Soviet people who gave their last pennies for the construction of tanks and aircraft.
True, it should be said that with the onset of the Soviet Army, the Crimean Tatars realized that the inevitable retribution could not be avoided, and in February-March 1944 they began to join partisan detachments. Moreover, entire detachments of punishers and concentration camp guards tried to attach themselves to our heroes. Another part fled with the Germans and for some time was used by the SS troops in Hungary and France.
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The resettlement of peoples was invented in the USA
“But still, deporting an entire nation is cruel. There were also many innocent people there.
- I am by no means a supporter of Stalinism. In my family, as in many families in Russia, there are victims of repression. But then there was a war. Leaving behind 200,000 people who are ready to betray at any moment is criminal! Moreover, the deportation of peoples on a national basis is by no means the know-how of the Stalinist regime, as the perestroika "democrats" assured us. During the same World War II, only earlier - in 1941, a couple of months after Pearl Harbor, the Americans quite calmly deported to the interior of the country and put about 200 thousand of their citizens of Japanese, German and Italian origin in concentration camps. The Japanese were charged, you know what? The fact that they plant flower beds in California specifically next to military facilities in order to declassify them, and in Hawaii they cut down sugar cane in a special way, in the form of giant arrows directed towards US air bases, to signal Japanese pilots! A couple of months ago there were hearings in the US Congress, where the children of repressed American citizens of German and Italian origin spoke. So there one woman told, they say, her father sat down for many years just because he said: under Hitler in Germany they built good roads! By the way, in those same years there was a generally insane practice of capturing the Japanese by the Americans. En masse, families all over Latin America. They were placed in concentration camps and kept for a future possible exchange for American prisoners of war.
In 1941, the Americans considered the Eskimos unreliable and immediately took out all - 400 with a small number of innocent Aborigines to the Kansas desert. And this despite the fact that the foot of the aggressors did not set foot on the territory of the United States at all! And in our version? When the Crimean Tatars openly sided with the enemy, what would you order to do with them?
As for the many times repeated lies about the incredible cruelty of the Red Army during the deportation itself, look at the documents. It's simple, the archives are open. Just imagine: there is a war, part of the country has been captured by the enemy, the food situation is terrible. And at the same time, each deportee was entitled to hot food on the road,
500 grams of bread a day, meat, fish, fats. By order of Stalin, the Crimean Tatars were allowed to take with them up to 500 kg of property for each adult! Certificates were issued for other abandoned property, according to which an equivalent property was issued at the place of arrival in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In addition, each family was given a significant interest-free loan for seven years for the arrangement.
- Stalin, it turns out you, was almost a benefactor for the Crimean Tatars.
- Yes, they should pray for him! He saved them from righteous popular wrath, from pogroms. Just imagine: during the German occupation, the Tatar police units gathered more than 50,000 Russian residents of Crimea to be deported to Germany! Plus the inhuman atrocities that they did against their neighbors. What would the Crimean front-line soldiers who returned from Berlin in 1945 do with them for this - fathers, brothers and sons of Soviet citizens torn to pieces by them, given into slavery ?! There would be nothing left of the Crimean Tatars.
By the way, it should be noted that the Crimean Tatars carry their name "Tatars" by misunderstanding. In fact, they have nothing in common ethnically with historical Tatars or Tatar-Mongols.
Hitler wanted to move the Baltic states to Siberia
Andrey Pavlovich, there is one more date this year. In March 1949, Stalin deported hundreds of thousands of Balts to Siberia.
Where are hundreds of thousands from? You just listened to NATO propaganda. 60 years ago, 20,173 people were deported from Estonia, 31,917 people from Lithuania, 42,149 people from Latvia. These NKVD-NKGB archives have long been in the public domain. At the same time, during the Khrushchev thaw in 1959, all the Balts, unlike the Crimean Tatars, were allowed to return home.
Now let's find out who these people were and why they were expelled. The so-called forest brothers and members of their families were deported. And they were expelled not because they collaborated with the Nazis, it seemed to be forgiven them, but for participation in gangs that remained on the territory of the Baltic states after the defeat of the German troops. During the period from 1945 to 1949, these "forest brothers" were killed: in Lithuania - 25,108, in Latvia - 4780, in Estonia - 891 people.
- I read that during the years of the war in the Baltic States, following the example of Germany, almost all Jews were destroyed.
- And not by the SS, but by the local police. According to the Reich Ministry for the Occupied eastern regions, a total of about 120 thousand Jews.
- Why did they curry favor with the Germans?
- They hoped that Hitler would allow them to create their own states. Many rabid nationalists still believe that this would have happened if not for the “Soviet occupation” in 1944. But Germany's plans for the Baltics were completely different. Many documents on this subject have been published in a recently published book. Igor Pykhalov Why did Stalin evict peoples? Thus, in Berlin, at a meeting on Germanization in the Baltic countries, it was decided: “The majority of the population is not suitable for Germanization. The racially undesirable parts of the population are to be deported to Western Siberia". In Estonia, it was supposed to leave 50 percent of the population, in Lithuania and Latvia - 30 percent each. In return, it was supposed to resettle Wehrmacht veterans in the Baltic states.
Slowly, this policy has already begun to be implemented. By November 1, 1943, 35 thousand German colonists already lived in the Baltic states. And instead of Siberia, 300 thousand Balts, mostly women from 17 to 40 years old, were sent to German labor camps.
- It turns out that the Baltic republics, following the Crimean Tatars, should be grateful to Stalin. If Hitler got them, farms would still be built in the depths of the Siberian ores.
- That's it. I hope the truth will someday reach the Baltics, everything is slowly reaching them. And then people will throw rotten tomatoes at the Estonian SS veterans marching in the center of Tallinn, to whom the "bloody tyrant" Stalin, out of his kindness, left his life.
