Table "Natural zones of Russia"

Now, studying geography in the classroom, we have a lot of information: maps, diagrams, photographs. Back in the 19th century, knowledge about natural areas was very scarce. For a long time, Dokuchaev was engaged in them, but he was never able to systematize the collected data, and his work was continued by L. S. Berg, a well-known geographer in the USSR.

Parameters of characteristics of natural zones

Any biological complex has similar characteristics. This applies to flora and fauna, soil, weather conditions in winter and summer. The student's task is to be able to organize information and provide a description of the natural zones of Russia using a table.

L. S. Berg not only gave a detailed description of the natural zones of all of Eurasia, but also identified the differences on other continents. His textbook "The Nature of the USSR" became the basis for the knowledge that we have now.

Rice. 1. Natural zones of Russia

Table "Natural zones of Russia" (grade 8)

Zone name	Geographical position	Climate	The soil	Plants	Animals
Arctic desert	Islands of the Arctic Ocean, north of the Taimyr Peninsula	Cold arctic air masses predominate. Summers are short and cold.	Permafrost	Mosses, lichens, polar poppy	Polar bear, walrus, seal
	From the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Arctic Circle. The widest strip of tundra in Siberia	Long winters (9 months), high precipitation due to low evaporation, short summers.	Tundra-gley, peat	Mosses, lichens, berry bushes	Reindeer, arctic fox, white hare
Forest tundra	The length across the whole of Russia in a narrow strip from tundra to taiga	Subarctic, gradual warming. Wed January temperature from -10 ° to -40 °, in summer + 13 ° - + 19 °	Peat and sphagnum bogs prevail. Soils are peaty-gley and with a transition impudent-podzol	Low-growing spruce, fir, cedar, dwarf birch	Brown bear, elk, white hare. From birds: wood grouse, hazel grouse, nutcracker
	Length from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean. Occupies all of Siberia	Warm summers 4-5 months and cold winters. T-ra January from -10 ° to -50 °. Summer + 16 °	Podzolic	This is a forest zone. Representatives: larch, fir, spruce, cedar, pine	Brown bear, elk, squirrel, wolf, sable, lynx. Birds: wood grouse, hazel grouse
Mixed forests	European Russia and Western Siberia	Temperate climate zone, dominated by the humus layer	Podzolic	Lots of herbaceous vegetation. There are both coniferous and deciduous trees.	Elk, hare, beaver, wild boar, fox, raccoon.
Broadleaf forests	Russian Plain and the South of the Far East	Moderate in the European part and monsoon in the Far East.	Gray podzolic, brown forest, in the European part - black soil.	Oaks, maples, lindens, aspens. Due to overuse by people. Almost all forests have been cut down	Hare, wild boar, desman, fox
Forest-steppe	Narrow transitional strip from forests to steppes	Moderate continental.	Chernozems	Deciduous trees and variety of grasses	Hare, squirrel, beavers, mice
	Northern Black Sea coast, south of Western Siberia	Arid, evaporation high, low humidity. The winters are frosty, the summers are hot	Chernozems	Herbs and cereals: feather grass, tumbleweed, wheat	Mice, gophers, snakes. From birds - steppe eagle
Deserts and semi-deserts	Areas near the Caspian Sea	Arid climate with cold winters	Gray-brown soil, dominated by salt marshes, salt licks	Drought-resistant plants. There are valuable feeds for sheep and camels	Snakes, turtle, jerboa, scorpion
Subtropics	Southern Black Sea coast	Warm maritime climate throughout the year	Brown mountain forest soils, yellow soils and humus-carbonate	Boxwood, rhododendron, laurel	Mouflon, turtle, snakes, red deer

Rice. 2. Taiga

The formation of natural zones in mountainous areas occurs at a level of more than 2000 m. In the Caucasus and the Urals, this height corresponds to alpine meadows, in the northern regions of the Siberian mountains - mountain tundra.