In this article, we will talk about the climate of Eastern Siberia. This is a very large region with its own natural laws. We will try to consider in detail individual territories in order to form a comprehensive opinion.
Siberia
Eastern Siberia includes the Asian part of Russia, ranging from the Yenisei to the watershed ridge that runs along the Pacific Ocean. Note that the population in large cities of Siberia has grown very rapidly over the past century. The area of the territory is 7, 2 million km. The largest cities are Krasnoyarsk, Chita, Yakutsk, Bratsk, Norilsk, Irkutsk and Ulan-Ude. The taiga type of vegetation prevails here.
General characteristics of the climate
It should be said that the climate of Eastern Siberia is quite moderate. It is continental, sharply continental, moderately continental, steppe and foothill. At the same time, we will talk about the climate in specific areas below. Note that precipitation here is much less than in many western regions of the country. The snow cover is usually not too large, but permafrost is widespread in the north. In the northern regions, winters are very cold and long, and the temperature sometimes reaches -50 ° C. In the south, summers are very hot and long, temperatures are quite high.
Krasnoyarsk climate
This city is considered the largest in the region. The type of climate in Eastern Siberia is sharply continental. The territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory stretches from the Arctic Ocean to the mountain ranges of Southern Siberia. This region is distinguished by the fact that it has very rich and varied natural resources and conditions. In this vast territory, researchers distinguish as many as 2 climatic zones, namely, the arctic and subarctic. Within each of them there are some changes against the general background of the nature of Eastern Siberia. The Western and Eastern climatic regions, the border of which intersects with the valley of the Yenisei River, stand out especially.
The northern part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is characterized by a very harsh climate. It is winter here almost all year round. The central part has a flat relief with fertile soils. The territory is characterized by hot but short summers and long cold winters. The temperature changes here are very fast. In the south of the region, warm summers and mild snowy winters are celebrated. There are many healing springs and lakes here, thanks to which the construction of resorts, recreation centers and sanatoriums is developing. Interestingly, in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, winter begins in September. The coldest months are December, January and February, as at this time the average daily temperature is -36 ° C.
Peculiarities
The peculiarities of the climate of Eastern Siberia in the Krasnoyarsk Territory are that frosty weather is set against the background of very strong winds. Note that Norilsk is considered one of the coldest cities in the world. Permanent snow cover forms already in October. Spring in the northern part begins only at the end of May, when the snow is actively melting. In the central and southern regions, spring begins in April. It is quite cold, sometimes accompanied by snow. The amount of precipitation is increasing, but nature is reviving.
The Krasnoyarsk Territory is distinguished by unique natural conditions. You can relax here both actively and passively. It is best to go here in summer if you are not accustomed to the cold. The sanatoriums and recreation centers work all year round, which will provide all the conditions.
The Republic of Khakassia
We have already learned what type of climate is typical for Eastern Siberia, since we have decided on three main directions.
The Republic of Khakassia has a sharply continental climate. Note that this territory is located practically in the center of Asia. There are also two reservoirs here - Sayano-Shushenskoye and Krasnoyarskoye. They soften the climate of the area a little. Khakassia has long and frosty winters, while summers are too short and warm. Due to the fact that the territory is quite open, a lot of arctic air enters here. At the same time, the Republic of Khakassia is considered a fairly sunny region. Indeed, there are the most sunny days here. On average, there are more than 200 of them per year.
Winter begins in early November. It is not distinguished by heavy snowfalls, although sometimes there are heavy blizzards. Ice is not typical for this area. The coldest month is January. Spring begins in early April, as the snow melts at this time. Very strong winds are observed in spring. In May, all nature wakes up and the temperature can even rise to + 18 ° C. Summers are generally warm, but characterized by some periods of heat. The hottest month is July, as the average daily temperature can reach + 25 ° C. In August, the temperature drops slightly. Autumn begins in early September, with dry weather prevailing at this time. At the same time, the night temperature drops rather quickly. The climate is characterized by the fact that very little precipitation falls here, and they are rather uneven. Strong winds are observed throughout the year. Khakassia is an ideal place for outdoor enthusiasts. There are high mountains, forests, virgin rivers. It is best to visit this area during the warm season, as then you can enjoy all the beauties. The worst time to visit Khakassia is the autumn period, as the weather is most unstable and rainy at this time.
Tyva
The type of climate in Eastern Siberia, which we will consider now, is characteristic of the Tyva Republic. Here it is sharply continental. This small area is distinguished by a variety of natural conditions. The peculiarities of the climate of Northeastern Siberia in this region are that two natural zones are combined here, namely, the vast dry Asian deserts and the South Siberian forest. Dry periods are very common. Winter here begins in early November and lasts for five whole months. Usually it is not windy and frosty. Little snow falls. The coldest month is January. Spring comes in early April and lasts only two months. Snow completely disappears only in the middle of the month. Summer begins in June and lasts just over 80 days. It is warm and dry, sometimes even hot. However, in mountainous areas the summer period is short and cool.
Nature reserve
Irkutsk region
It is believed to be the area with the highest number of sunny days. Lake Baikal has a huge influence on the formation of the climate in Eastern Siberia. Interestingly, the number of warm days per year is not inferior even to the Crimea. Winter begins at the end of October and is characterized by clear and calm weather. At the same time, high atmospheric pressure is observed. In winter, snow does not fall for a very long time, which is why the soils are frozen. The coldest month is January. At the same time, the winter period is characterized by frequent precipitation. Spring comes in early April and lasts only 30 days. At this time, nature awakens and revives. The amount of solar energy increases and the air temperature rises. Summer starts at the end of May. It is characterized by low pressure and short length. Autumn begins at the end of August. It is characterized by sharp fluctuations in temperature during the day and early frosts. The distribution of precipitation in the Irkutsk region is very uneven. It is best to go here to relax in the summer months, as there will be an opportunity to see the many natural beauties of Lake Baikal.
The Republic of Buryatia
What is the climate of Eastern Siberia in this area? Here, too, a sharply continental type of climate prevails. Unique natural conditions have been formed due to the remoteness of the territory from the seas and oceans. The climate is very heterogeneous and characterized by large fluctuations in air temperature. Winters are cold here, summers are very hot. The coldest season begins in November. It is characterized by low temperatures, little snow and dryness. Cloudy and clear weather prevails, precipitation is minimal. The lowest temperatures are recorded in hollows and river valleys, but the area near Lake Baikal is a real heat accumulator. Winter lasts almost 5 months, spring begins in April. It is characterized by windiness and coolness. Summer starts in June, but it is rather short and hot. At the same time, it is still cool at night. Heavy rainfall is observed in July and August. Autumn begins in late August. It comes on very gradually. The air temperature drops, the amount of precipitation increases. It is best to go here during the warm season. Buryatia is the most beautiful Eastern region in Siberia, which is why it is worth seeing with your own eyes that it is unsurpassed.
Transbaikal region
What is the typical climate for Eastern Siberia in the Trans-Baikal Territory? It is also sharply continental. The territory is unevenly removed from the oceans. Frosty weather throughout the year is characteristic, there are few winds. The cold starts at the end of October. Winter lasts over 6 months. The peculiarity of this region is that there are practically no winds here. February and March are the least frosty months. Spring comes in early April. It is rather short and very windy. It is also characterized by severe frosts at night. Very often storms occur here, especially in the eastern part. Summer begins in June and lasts only two and a half months. But it is quite hot, which is why fires very often occur. The first autumn days come in early September. This period is relatively short and moderately important. Frosts are recorded at night, but in general the weather is quite warm, dry and comfortable.
